Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 2. A procedure
Donald G. Jorgensen, Donald C. Signor, Jeffrey L. Imes
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 677-684
Intercepted intracell flow, especially if cell includes water table recharge and a stream ((sink), can result in significant model error if not accounted for. A procedure utilizing net flow per cell (Fn) that accounts for intercepted intracell flow can be used for both steady state and transient simulations. Germane to...
The relationship of catchment topography and soil hydraulic characteristics to lake alkalinity in the northeastern United States
D.M. Wolock, G.M. Hornberger, K.J. Beven, W.G. Campbell
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 829-837
We undertook the task of determining whether base flow alkalinity of surface waters in the northeastern United States is related to indices of soil contact time and flow path partitioning that are derived from topographic and soils information. The influence of topography and soils on catchment hydrology has been incorporated...
Adaptive modeling, identification, and control of dynamic structural systems. I. Theory
Erdal Safak
1989, Journal of Engineering Mechanics (115) 2386-2405
A concise review of the fheory of adaptive modeling, identification, and control of dynamic structural systems based on discrete‐time recordings is presented. Adaptive methods have four major advantages over the classical methods: (1) Removal of the noise from the signal is done over the whole frequency band; (2) time‐varying characteristics...
Petrology of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon
T. H. Druitt, C. R. Bacon
1989, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (101) 245-259
Evolution of the magma chamber at Mount Mazama involved repeated recharge by two types of andesite (high-Sr and low-Sr), crystal fractionation, crystal accumulation, assimilation, and magma mixing (Bacon and Druitt 1988). This paper addresses the modal compositions, textures, mineral chemistry and magmatic temperatures of (i) products of the 6845±50 BP...
Paleogeothermal gradients and timing of oil generation in the Belden Formation, Eagle Basin, northwestern Colorado
V. F. Nuccio, S. Y. Johnson, Christopher J. Schenk
1989, Mountain Geologist (26) 31-41
Paleogeothermal gradients and timing of oil generation for the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian Belden Formation have been estimated for four locations in the Eagle Basin of northwestern Colorado, by comparing measured vitrinite reflectance with maturity modeling. Two thermal models were made for each location: one assumes a constant paleogeothermal gradient...
The structure of subtidal currents within and around Lydonia Canyon: Evidence for enhanced cross-shelf fluctuations over the mouth of the canyon
M. Noble, B. Butman
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans (94) 8091-8110
Between October 1980 and April 1981, currents were measured within Lydonia Canyon and on the adjacent shelf and slope. The amplitude of the subtidal currents over the shelf and slope ranged between 10 and 30 cm s−1, but within the canyon, they were typically smaller than 5 cm s−1. The...
Biogeography of marine podocopid Ostracodes in Micronesia
L.S. Weissleader, N.L. Gilinsky, R. M. Ross, T. M. Cronin
1989, Journal of Biogeography (16) 103-114
Shallow-water podocopic marine Ostracoda from Micronesian lagoons in the Marianas, Caroline, Marshall and Gilbert Islands in the western Pacific were analysed to establish their diversity and zoogeography within Micronesia and the taxonomic affinities with ostracodes from other tropical regions. Sixty-four bottom lagoonal sediment samples from twelve islands and atolls yielded...
Behavioural interaction between fish predators and their prey: effects of plant density
Jacqueline F. Savino, Roy A. Stein
1989, Animal Behaviour (37) 311-321
Prey-specific anti-predatory behaviour under different degrees of structural complexity determines foraging success of predators. The behaviour of piscivorous fish (largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides and northern pike, Esox lucius) and their prey (bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, and fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas) were quantified in 60-min experiments in laboratory pools (2 multiplied by...
Singularity spectrum of intermittent seismic tremor at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
H. R. Shaw, B. Chouet
1989, Geophysical Research Letters (16) 195-198
Fractal singularity analysis (FSA) is used to study a 22-year record of deep seismic tremor (30–60 km depth) for regions below Kilauea Volcano on the assumption that magma transport and fracture can be treated as a system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. Tremor episodes range from 1...
Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin
Gregory J. McCabe, Mark A. Ayers
1989, Water Resources Bulletin (25) 1231-1242
The Thornthwaite water balance and combinations of temperature and precipitation changes representing climate change were used to estimate changes in seasonal soil-moisture and runoff in the Delaware River basin. Winter warming may cause a greater proportion of precipitation in the northern part of the basin to fall as rain, which...
Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida
John J. Hickey
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 1481-1494
Injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive, saltwater-bearing, fractured dolomite underlying the city of St. Petersburg, Florida, provided an opportunity to study density-dependent flow associated with two miscible and density-different liquids. The injection zone was 98 m thick with a radial hydraulic conductivity of 762 m/d and a vertical...
Active faulting and deformation of the Coalinga anticline as interpreted from three-dimensional velocity structure and seismicity
D. Eberhart-Phillips
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 15565-15586
This work gives a clear picture of the geometry of aftershock seismicity in a large thrust earthquake. Interpretation of hypocenters and fault plane solutions, from the 1983 Coalinga, Coast Range California, earthquake sequence, in combination with the three-dimensional velocity structure shows that the active faulting beneath the fold primarily consists...
Distillation irrigation: A low-energy process for coupling water purification and drip irrigation
Jim Constantz
1989, Agricultural Water Management (15) 253-264
A method is proposed for combining solar distillation and drip irrigation to simultaneously desalinize water and apply this water to row crops. In this paper, the basic method is illustrated by a simple device constructed primarily of sheets of plastic, which uses solar energy to distill impaired water and apply...
Assessing the validity of the channel model of fracture aperture under field conditions
Allen M. Shapiro, James R. Nicholas
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 817-828
In recent investigations of fluid and solute movement in discrete fractures, spatial heterogeneity of the fracture aperture has been conceptualized as a series of noninterconnecting constant aperture flow paths, or channels. Two methods of estimating the distribution of the aperture sizes are presented using information from a single-hole pumping test...
A model of channel response in disturbed alluvial channels
A. Simon
1989, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (14) 11-26
Dredging and straightening of alluvial channels between 1959 and 1978 in West Tennessee caused a series of morphologic changes along modified reaches and tributary streams. Degradation occurred for 10 to 15 years at sites upstream of the area of maximum disturbance and lowered bed-levels by as much as 6.1 m....
A random spatial network model based on elementary postulates
Michael R. Karlinger, Brent M. Troutman
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 793-798
A model for generating random spatial networks that is based on elementary postulates comparable to those of the random topology model is proposed. In contrast to the random topology model, this model ascribes a unique spatial specification to generated drainage networks, a distinguishing property of some network growth models. The...
Multiobjective sampling design for parameter estimation and model discrimination in groundwater solute transport
Debra S. Knopman, Clifford I. Voss
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 2245-2258
Sampling design for site characterization studies of solute transport in porous media is formulated as a multiobjective problem. Optimal design of a sampling network is a sequential process in which the next phase of sampling is designed on the basis of all available physical knowledge of the system. Three objectives...
Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 1. Problems and concepts
Donald G. Jorgensen, Donald C. Signor, Jeffrey L. Imes
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 669-676
Intracell flow is important in modeling cells that contain both sources and sinks. Special attention is needed if recharge through the water table is a source. One method of modeling multiple sources and sinks is to determine the net recharge per cell. For example, for a model cell containing both...
Simulation of ground-water flow in coastal southern New Jersey
Frederick J. Spitz, Thomas H. Barringer
1989, Conference Paper, Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management
An increasing trend of shallow ground-water withdrawal over the first part of this century on the Cape May Peninsula of New Jersey has resulted in the intrusion of saltwater into the aquifers that comprise the shallow ground-water system. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a mathematical model of the flow...
Crystallization of accessory phases in magmas by local saturation adjacent to phenocrysts
C. R. Bacon
1989, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (53) 1055-1066
Accessory minerals commonly occur attached to or included in the major crystalline phases of felsic and some intermediate igneous rocks. Apatite is particularly common as inclusions, but Fe-Ti oxides, pyrrhotite, zircon, monazite, chevkinite and xenotime are also known from silicic rocks. Accessories may nucleate near the host crystal/ liquid interface...
Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake
S. Hartzell
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 7515-7534
The July 8, 1986, North Palm Springs earthquake is used as a basis for comparison of several different approaches to the solution for the rupture history of a finite fault. The inversion of different waveform data is considered; both teleseismic P waveforms and local strong ground motion records. Linear parametrizations for slip...
Recharge of the early atmosphere of Mars by impact-induced release of CO2
Michael H. Carr
1989, Icarus (79) 311-327
Channels on the Martian surface suggest that Mars had an early, relatively thick atmosphere. If the atmosphere was thick enough for water to be stable at the surface, CO2 in the atmosphere would have been fixed as carbonates on a relatively short time scale, previously estimated to be 1 bar...
State of stress and modern deformation of the northern Basin and Range Province
M.L. Zoback
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 7105-7128
Constraints on the current stress regime of the actively extending northern Basin and Range province are provided by deformation data (focal mechanisms and fault slip studies), hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurements, borehole elongation (“breakouts”) analyses, and alignment of young volcanic vents. The integrated data indicate significant variations both in...
Begging behavior in budgerigars
J. Stamps, A. Clark, P. Arrowood, Barbara E. Kus
1989, Ethology (81) 177-192
Five hypotheses about relationships between begging rates, feeding rates and other variables were investigated in captive budgerigar nestlings from 23 days post-hatch to fledge date (Period 4). Within families, nestlings that begged more frequently during Period 4 were fed more often by their parents, but there was no indication that...
Effect of climate change on watershed runoff
D.M. Wolock, M. A. Ayers, L.E. Hay, G. J. McCabe Jr.
1989, Conference Paper
This paper examines forecasts of changes in watershed runoff in the Delaware River basin that result from a range of predicted effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on future precipitation, temperature, and stomatal resistance of plants. A deterministic hydrologic model, TOPMODEL, was driven with stochastic inputs of temperature and...
