Simulated water-level and water-quality changes in the bolson-fill aquifer, Post Headquarters area, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico
D. W. Risser
1988, Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4152
The quantity of freshwater available in the Post Headquarters well field, White Sand Missile Range, New Mexico, is limited and its quality is threatened by saltwater enroachment. A three-dimensional, finite-difference, groundwater flow model and a cross-sectional, density-dependent solute-transport model were constructed to simulate possible future water level declines and water...
A modular three-dimensional finite-difference fround-water flow model
Michael G. McDonald, Arlen W. Harbaugh, Weixing Guo (translator), Guoping Lu
1988, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A1
This report presents a finite-difference model and its associated modular computer program. The model simulates flow in three dimensions. The report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the model is based and an explanation of how those concepts are incorporated in the modular structure of the...
Field validation of a habitat suitability index model for the American oyster
Thomas M. Soniat, Michael S. Brody
1988, Estuaries (11) 87-95
A habitat suitability index (HSI) model, developed for the American oyster,Crassostrea virginica, along the Gulf of Mexico, was field tested on 38 0.1-ha reef and nonreef sites in Galveston Bay, Texas. The HSI depends upon six (HSI1) or, optionally, eight (HSI2) variables. The six variables are percent of...
Habitat relationships of island nesting seabirds along Coastal Louisiana
Richard D. Greer, Carroll L. Cordes, Stanley H. Anderson
1988, Colonial Waterbirds (11) 181-188
Seabirds in the saline marsh of coastal Louisiana nest on the islands that are more isolated, smaller, have lower percentages of woody vegetation, and higher percentages of herbaceous vegetation and beach habitat. Only moderate variation in these habitat features was demonstrated among years of colonization. The factors...
Biochemical changes in longear sunfish, Lepomis megalotis, associated with lead, cadmium and zinc from mine tailings
F.J. Dwyer, C.J. Schmitt, S.E. Finger, P. M. Mehrle
1988, Journal of Fish Biology (33) 307-317
Longear sunfish were collected from a stream contaminated with mine tailings rich in lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). Blood samples were analysed for δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity and Pb concentration. Vertebrae were tested for bone strength and composition, and Pb, Zn, and Cd concentrations were determined in...
Groundwater velocity magnitude in radionuclide transport calculations
Daniel J. Goode
1988, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (114) 933-939
Analytical solutions have been developed for many conceptual models of solute transport in groundwater (Bear 1979). Although these models usually rely on assumptions too restrictive for accurate description of actual field situations, they are useful in understanding groundwater transport and in evaluating the relative importance of the subsurface processes affecting...
Book review of Wildlife 2000: Modeling relationships of terrestrial vertebrates, edited by J. Verner, M.L. Morrison, and C.J. Ralph
Robert J. Cooper
1988, The Wilson Bulletin (100) 697-699
"Wildlife 2000" is the proceedings of a conference held 7-11 October 1984, near Lake Tahoe, California, the objective of which was to present an up-to-date synthesis of models that predict the responses of wildlife to habitat change. This extremely attractive, well-produced volume has been well received by the wildlife...
Compositional zonation and cumulus processes in the Mount Mazama magma chamber, Crater Lake, Oregon
T. H. Druitt, Charles R. Bacon
1988, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh (79) 289-297
The 6845 ± 50 BP climactic eruption of Mount Mazama discharged 47 ± 9 km3 of vertically zoned calc-alkaline magma, affording a virtually complete section through the chamber. Evidence for two andesitic parents with different trace-element (particularly Sr) and water contents is preserved in the ejecta. Prior to eruption, a...
Microbial degradation of crude oil and some model hydrocarbons
Fu-Hsian Chang, N.N. Noben, Danny Brand, Marc F. Hult
1988, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Second Technical Meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481
Research on microbial degradation of crude oil in the shallow subsurface at a spill site near Bemidji, Minn. (fig. C-l), began in 1983 (Hull, 1984; Chang and Ehrlich, 1984). The rate and extent of crude oil and model hydrocarbon biodegradation by the indigenous microbial community was measured in the laboratory...
Guidance for modeling causes and effects in environmental problem solving
Carl L. Armour, Samuel C. Williamson
1988, Report, Biological Report
Environmental problems are difficult to solve because their causes and effects are not easily understood. When attempts are made to analyze causes and effects, the principal challenge is organization of information into a framework that is logical, technically defensible, and easy to understand and communicate. When decisionmakers attempt...
Trace element residues in bluegills and common carp from the lower San Joaquin River, California, and its tributaries
Michael K. Saiki, Thomas W. May
1988, Science of the Total Environment (74) 199-217
Whole-body samples of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the San Joaquin River and two tributaries (Merced River and Salt Slough) were analyzed to determine if the concentrations of any of nine elements were elevated as a result of exposure of the fish to agricultural subsurface (tile)...
Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor
F.T. Manheim, C.M. Lane-Bostwick
1988, Nature (335) 59-62
Ferromanganese oxide crusts, which accumulate on unsedimented surfaces in the open ocean1–6, derive most of their metal content from dissolved and particulate matter in ambient bottom water7,8, in proportions modified by the variable scavenging efficiency of the oxide phase for susceptible ions9. They differ in this respect from abyssal nodules,...
Agonistic asymmetries and the foraging ecology of Bald Eagles
Richard L. Knight, Susan Knight Skagen
1988, Ecology (69) 1188-1194
We investigated the effects of both asymmetries and differing food levels on contest outcomes of wintering Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) feeding on chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) carcasses. Large eagles, regardless of age, were more successful in pirating than smaller eagles. Small pirating eagles were usually unsuccessful unless they were adults...
An exploration geochemical technique for the determination of preconcentrated organometallic halides by ICP-AES
J. M. Motooka
1988, Applied Spectroscopy (42) 1293-1296
An atomic absorption extraction technique which is widely used in geochemical exploration for the determination of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn has been modified and adapted to a simultaneous inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission instrument. The experimental and operating parameters are described for the preconcentration...
Problems with surface water models from a user's perspective
K. Thornton, Clair B. Stalnaker, K. Baun
1988, Book, Proceedings of the international symposium on water quality modeling of agricultural non-point sources
No abstract available....
The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25°C
P.C. Bennett, M.E. Melcer, D. I. Siegel, J.P. Hassett
1988, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (52) 1521-1530
The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25° and standard pressure was investigated by the batch dissolution method. The bulk dissolution rate of quartz in 20 mmole/Kg citrate solutions at pH 7 was 8 to 10 times faster than that in pure water. After 1750...
Linear solvation energy relationships for toxicity of selected organic chemicals to Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna
Dora R. M. Passino, James P. Hickey, Anthony M. Frank
1988, Book, Proceedings of the QSAR: third international workshop on quantitative structure-activity relationships in environmental toxicology
In the Laurentian Great Lakes, more than 300 contaminants have been identified in fish, other biota, water, and sediment. Current hazard assessment of these chemicals by the National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes is based on their toxicity, occurrence in the environment, and source. Although scientists at the Center have tested...
Use of GIS technologies in addressing resource management problems in Mobile Bay, Alabama
Mary C. Watzin, P.F. Roscigno, James D. Scurry, E. Randy Roach
1988, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Fifth National Moss Users Workshop
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies are being used in three neutral resource management studies of Mobile Bay, AL. Each study is briefly discussed. In the first, the GIS was used to analyze wetland habitat changes in the bay over a 25-year period. In the second, cartographic modeling techniques are being...
Arsenic in ground water of the Western United States
Alan H. Welch, Michael S. Lico, Jennifer L. Hughes
1988, Groundwater (26) 333-347
Natural occurrences of ground water with moderate (10 to 50 micrograms per liter) to high (greater than 50 micrograms per liter) concentrations of arsenic are common throughout much of the Western United States. High concentrations of arsenic are generally associated with one of four geochemical environments: (1) basin-fill deposits of...
Internal inconsistencies in dispersion-dominated models that incorporate chemical and microbial kinetics
Fred J. Molz, Mark A. Widdowson
1988, Water Resources Research (24) 615-619
Current understanding of transport processes in aquifers is limited by lack of precise point chemical concentration measurements. Recently, however, some careful measurements of vertical chemical concentration profiles have been made at several locations around the world that appear to support a consistent picture concerning the persistence of large vertical concentration...
Gas bubbles in fossil amber as possible indicators of the major gas composition of ancient air
R.A. Berner, Gary P. Landis
1988, Science (239) 1406-1409
Gases trapped in Miocene to Upper Cretaceous amber were released by gently crushing the amber under vacuum and were analyzed by quadrupole mass spectrometry. After discounting the possibility that the major gases N2, O2, and CO2 underwent appreciable diffusion and diagenetic exchange with their surroundings or reaction with the amber, it...
The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, California
E. Hauksson, Lucile M. Jones, T.L. Davis, L.K. Hutton, Pat Williams, Allison L. Bent, A. Gerald Brady, Paul A. Reasenberg, A.J. Michael, R. F. Yerkes, E. Etheredge, R. L. Porcella, M.J.S. Johnston, G. Reagor, C. G. Bufe, E. Cranswick, A.K. Shakal
1988, Science (239) 1409-1412
The Whittier Narrows earthquake sequence (local magnitude, ML = 5.9), which caused over 358-million dollars damage, indicates that assessments of earthquake hazards in the Los Angeles metropolitan area may be underestimated. The sequence ruptured a previously unidentified thrust fault that may be part of a large system of thrust faults that extends...
Uranium-series dating of the Mousterian occupation at Abric Romani, Spain
J. L. Bischoff, R. Julia, R. Mora
1988, Nature (332) 68-70
The precise evolutionary position of the Neanderthal people continues to be a major uncertainty in human evolution. Their origin and their relationship to anatomically modern people are unclear and are clouded by poor chronology. Lithic artefacts of the Mousterian type, found throughout Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, are believed to...
Cooperative federal-state liming research on surface waters impacted by acidic deposition
R.K. Schreiber
1988, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (41) 53-73
In the eastern and north-central United States, lakes and streams with low acid neutralizing capacity are at risk from acidity. Resource management agencies are interested in developing mitigation strategies that protect or restore fisheries in these waters. Addition of limestone (calcium carbonate) to improve water quality...
Granulite fades Nd-isotopic homogenization in the Lewisian complex of northwest Scotland
M.J. Whitehouse
1988, Nature (331) 705-707
A published Sm–Nd whole-rock isochron of 2,920 ± 50 Myr, obtained from a wide range of lithologies in the Lewisian complex of north-west Scotland, was interpreted1 as the time of protolith formation. This date is ∼260 Myr older than estimates for the timing of high-grade metamorphism in the complex at ∼ 2,660...
