Methane hydrates and global climate
Keith A. Kvenvolden
1988, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2) 221-229
Methane hydrates are globally widespread in permafrost regions and beneath the sea in sediment of outer continental margins. The amount of methane sequestered in gas hydrates is probably enormous, but estimates of the amounts are speculative and range over three orders of magnitude (about 103 to 106 GT (gigatons = 1015 g)). A...
Hotshots, hotspots, and female preference in the organization of lek mating systems
B. M. Beehler, Mercedes S. Foster
1988, American Naturalist (131) 203-219
We critically review the female-preference and hotspot models, the two most widely accepted recent explanations of lek organization. On the basis of what we believe are the inadequacies of these models-too great a reliance on the presumed acuity of female discrimination, the assumption that females have full freedom of choice...
Deformation along the northeast side of Blacktail Mountains salient, southwestern Montana
Russell G. Tysdal
1988, GSA Memoirs (171) 203-215
The Blacktail Mountains salient is a convex-eastward area of stacked Laramide-age thrust faults that trend north and dip west at moderate angles. The thrusts occur in Mississippian to Cretaceous strata above a basement of Archean metamorphic rocks. The northern margin of the salient is delimited by the Jake Canyon fault,...
Friction of ice
M. L. Beeman, W.B. Durham, Stephen H. Kirby
1988, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (93) 7625-7633
The frictional strength of ice seems to be well below that for all other rocks. Triaxial testing of cylinders of pure water ice containing a 45° inclined sawcut, at temperatures of 77 ≤ T ≤ 115 K and confining pressures 0.1 ≤ P ≤ 250 MPa, reveals the frictional laws τ = 0.20 σn +...
Pyrite formation in the Lower Cretaceous Mowry Shale: Effect of organic matter type and reactive iron content
Hugh R. Davis, Charles W. Byers, Walter E. Dean
1988, American Journal of Science (288) 873-890
Geochemical analysis of the Lower Cretaceous Mowry Shale in Wyoming and Montana shows that organic matter type and reactive iron content limited pyrite formation during early diagenesis. Consequently, direct interpretation of paleosalinity cannot be made from a carbon/sulfur plot. Mowry Shale samples with hydrogen index (HI) less than 150 (mg...
Assessment of the role of bottomland hardwoods in sediment and erosion control
A. Molinas, Gregor T. Auble, C.A. Segelquist, Lee S. Ischinger
1988, Report
Drainage and clearing of bottomland hardwoods have long been recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) as important impacts of Federal water projects in the lower Mississippi River Valley. More recently, the water quality impacts of such projects (e.g., increases in...
Cattle grazing and small mammals on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada
John L. Oldemeyer, L. R. Allen-Johnson
1988, Report, Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America: Proceedings of the symposium
We studied effects of cattle grazing on small mammal microhabitat and abundance in northwestern Nevada. Abundance, diversity, and microhabitat were compared between a 375-ha cattle exclosure and a deferred-rotation grazing allotment which had a three-year history of light to moderate use. No consistent differences were found in abundance, diversity, or...
An overview of a habitat suitability index model for moose: Lake Superior region
A.W. Allen, J.W. Terrell, P.A. Jordan
1988, Alces (24) 118-125
A three-day workshop was held to develop a model for evaluation of moose habitat in the Lake Superior region. The ultimate goal of the workshop was to provide planning tools to enhance habitat management for moose and maximize the integration of those management objectives with silvicultural goals. An abstract of...
Proceedings of a workshop on the development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria: A compilation of papers and discussions presented at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, December 8-12, 1986
Ken Bovee, J.R. Zuboy
1988, Book
The development of reliable habitat suitability criteria is critical to the successful implementation of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM), or any other habitat based evaluation technology. It is also a fascinating topic of research, for several reasons. First, the “science” of habitat quantification is relatively young. Descriptions of habitat...
Habitat requirements of New Mexico’s endangered salamanders
Cindy A. Ramotnik, N.J. Scott
1988, Report, Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America: Proceedings of the symposium
We measured habitat components for two state-listed endangered salamanders in New Mexico in 1986 and 1987. Both species are restricted to mesic environments within high-elevation, mixed coniferous forests. Steep slope and high elevation were the most useful variables for predicting the occurrence of Jemez Mountains salamanders and Sacramento Mountain salamanders,...
Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle
Douglas H. Johnson, J.D. Nichols, M.J. Conroy, L.M. Cowardin
M.W. Weller, editor(s)
1988, Book chapter, Waterfowl in winter
We outline a population model proposed to accommodate the full life cycle of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Events during the breeding season are better understood than events at other times of the year, but recent findings suggest the importance of phenomena away from the breeding grounds. Several processes are discussed...
Observed oil and gas field size distributions: A consequence of the discovery process and prices of oil and gas
L.J. Drew, E. D. Attanasi, J.H. Schuenemeyer
1988, Mathematical Geology (20) 939-953
If observed oil and gas field size distributions are obtained by random samplings, the fitted distributions should approximate that of the parent population of oil and gas fields. However, empirical evidence strongly suggests that larger fields tend to be discovered earlier in the discovery process than they would be by...
Physical deposit measures and commercial potential: The case of titanium-bearing heavy-mineral deposits
E. D. Attanasi, J.H. DeYoung Jr.
1988, Mathematical Geology (20) 97-110
Physical measures of mineral deposit characteristics, such as grade and tonnage, long have been used in both subjective and analytic models to predict favorability of areas for the occurrence of mineral deposits of particular types. After a deposit has been identified, however, the explorationist must decide whether to continue data...
Earthquakes, March-April 1988
W. J. Person
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 167-171
There were two major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period. the first, a magnitude 7.6, was centered in the Gulf of Alaska on March 6 and the second, a magnitude 7.0, occurred near the coast of southern Peru on April 12. In the United States, the largest earthquake was the magnitude...
Earthquakes, January-February 1988
W. J. Person
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 124-128
There was one major earthquake (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period, located in the Philippine Islands on February 24. The first earthquake-related deaths fro the year were reported in South Africa, Bangladesh, and California. In the United States, Southern California experienced a moderate earthquake on February 11. ...
Ground shaking and engineering studies on the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault zone
R. W. Sherburne
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 72-77
Earthquakes have been occurring in California for eons and will continue to play an important role in the evolution of California landforms. Recent California earthquakes have been of moderate size (magnitude 5.5 to less than 7), have occurred in rural or low population areas, and have therefore been important mainly...
Molecular conductivity indices for modelling toxicities of Great Lakes contaminants to Daphnia pulex
James P. Hickey, Dora R. M. Passino, Anthony M. Frank
1988, Conference Paper, Preprints of papers presented at the 3rd Chemical Congress of North America and 195th ACS National Meeting
Hazard assessment of hundreds of observed and potential contaminants in fish, sediment, and water of the Great Lakes is necessary to determine impact on fishery sources and other aquatic biota. The hundreds of new compunds introduced each year have few measured properties. Mathematical models based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs)...
The role of the Federal government in the Parkfield earthquake prediction experiment
J.R. Filson
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 56-59
Earthquake prediction research in the United States us carried out under the aegis of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977. One of the objectives of the act is "the implementation in all areas of high or moderate seismic risk, of a system (including personnel and procedures) for predicting...
What is worse than the “big one”?
R. A. Kerr
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 213-218
The Whittier Narrows California earthquake sequence (local magnitude, Ml=5.9 or 1 October, 1987), which caused over $358 million damage, indicates that assessments of earthquake hazards in Los Angeles metropolitan area may be underestimated. the sequence ruptured a previously unidentified thrust fault that may be part of a large system of...
System considerations in numerical modeling of estuarine problems, in Niki, H., and Kawahara, M., eds., computational methods in flow analysis
R. T. Cheng, J.R. Burau
1988, Conference Paper, Proceedings, international conference on computational method in flow analysis
No abstract available ...
History of significant earthquakes in the Parkfield area
W. H. Bakun
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 45-51
Seismicity on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield occurs in a tectonic section that differs markedly from neighboring sections along the San Andreas to the northwest and to the southeast. Northwest of the Parkfield section, small shocks (magnitudes of less than 4) do occur frequently, but San Andreas movement occurs...
Microbial and biogeochernical processes Soda Lake, Nevada
R.S. Oremland, J. E. Cloern, Z. Sofer, R. L. Smith, C.W. Culbertson, J. Zehr, L. Miller, B. Cole, R. Harvey, N. Iversen, M. Klug, D. J. Des Marais, G. Rau
1988, Book chapter, Lacustrine petroleum source rocks: Geological Society Special Publication No. 40
Meromictic, alkaline lakes represent modern-day analogues of lacustrine source rock depositional environments. In order to further our understanding of how these lakes function in terms of limnological and biogeochemical processes, we have conducted an interdisciplinary study of Big Soda Lake. Annual mixolimnion productivity (ca. 500 g m-2) is dominated by...
Earthquakes, May-June 1988
W. J. Person
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 196-198
There were no major earthquakes during the months of May and June. Only one earthquake-related death was reported; this occurred on June 20 in the Philippine Islands. In the United States, three moderate earthquakes were expereinced in California but none crashed deaths or injuries. ...
Earthquakes, July-August 1988
W. J. Person
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 234-237
Major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) struck the Burma-India border on August 6 and the Solomon Islands on August 10. The most devastating earthquake during this reporting period was a magnitude 6.6 on the Nepal-India border on August 20. In the United States, there were no casualties from earthquakes but moderate earthquakes (5.0-5.9) were...
Sorption characteristics of organic compounds on hexadecyltrimethylammonium-smectite
Stephen A. Boyd, Max M. Mortland, Cary T. Chiou
1988, Soil Science Society of America Journal (52) 652-657
When hexadedyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) ion is exchanged for metal cations like calcium in smectite, the sorptive properties of the clay are greatly modified. The resultant HDTMA-smectite complex behaves as a dual sorbent, in the sorption of organic compounds, in which the mineral fraction functions as a solid adsorbent and the organic...
