The role of the Federal government in the Parkfield earthquake prediction experiment
J.R. Filson
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 56-59
Earthquake prediction research in the United States us carried out under the aegis of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977. One of the objectives of the act is "the implementation in all areas of high or moderate seismic risk, of a system (including personnel and procedures) for predicting...
History of significant earthquakes in the Parkfield area
W. H. Bakun
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 45-51
Seismicity on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield occurs in a tectonic section that differs markedly from neighboring sections along the San Andreas to the northwest and to the southeast. Northwest of the Parkfield section, small shocks (magnitudes of less than 4) do occur frequently, but San Andreas movement occurs...
Hydraulic conductivity of a sandy soil at low water content after compaction by various methods
John R. Nimmo, Katherine C. Akstin
1988, Soil Science Society of America Journal (52) 303-310
To investigate the degree to which compaction of a sandy soil influences its unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K, samples of Oakley sand (now in the Delhi series; mixed, thermic, Typic Xeropsamments) were packed to various densities and K was measured by the steady-state centrifuge method. The air-dry, machine packing was followed...
Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream in southern Mississippi, U.S.A.
R. E. Rathbun, D. W. Stephens, D.J. Shultz, D. Y. Tai
1988, Journal of Hydrology (104) 181-209
The fate of acetone in water was investigated in an outdoor model stream located in southern Mississippi, U.S.A. Acetone was injected continuously for 32 days resulting in small milligram-perliter concentrations in the stream. Rhodamine-WT dye was injected at the beginning and at the end of the study to determine the...
U.S. Geological Survey deep seismic reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine
Deborah R. Hutchinson, Kim D. Klitgord, Myung W. Lee, Anne M. Trehu
1988, Geological Society of America Bulletin (100) 172-184
Deep seismic reflection and magnetic data suggest that the Gulf of Maine is underlain by four crustal blocks of differing reflection and magnetic character. Two of these blocks, the Gulf of Maine fault zone and adjacent central plutonic zone, can be correlated with Avalonian rocks in southern New England and...
Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica
P. W. Barnes, R. Lien
1988, Geology (16) 1130-1133
Icebergs and sea ice rework the sediments of high-latitude shelves, producing modern diamicts (ice-keel turbates) unrelated to glacial proximity. Off Antarctica, sidescan sonar data indicate the presence of ice-gouge features formed by the physical interaction between ice keels and the sea bed. These...
Coastal geomorphology of arctic Alaska
Peter W. Barnes, Stuart E. Rawlinson, Erk Reimnitz
1988, Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph 3-30
The treeless, tundra-plain of northern Alaska merges with the Arctic Ocean along a coastal area characterized by low tundra bluffs, and sparse coastal and delta dunes. Coastal engineering projects that aggrade or degrade permafrost will alter the geomorphology and rates of coastal processes by changing coastal stability. Similarly, projects that...
Areal variation in recharge to and discharge from the Floridan aquifer system in Florida
Walter R. Aucott
1988, Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4057
This report is a revision and update of existing recharge maps of the Floridan aquifer system to include quantitative information derived from Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis models as well as other recent information and also includes information on discharge from the system. The report represents predevelopment conditions with inset map...
Molecular composition and mobility of torbanite precursors: Implications for the structure of coal
M. A. Wilson, B.D. Batts, Patrick G. Hatcher
1988, Energy & Fuels (2) 668-672
Coorongite, a torbanite precursor found in South Australia, and algal residues derived from Botryococcus braunii and other algae have been examined by solid-state 13C NMR techniques. The majority of carbon in these materials is present as (CH2)n. However, variable-temperature studies show that a considerable proportion of the alkyl chains have...
Acute toxicity of Daphnia pulex to six classes of chemical compounds potentially hazardous to Great Lakes aquatic biota
Stephen B. Smith, Jacqueline F. Savino, Marc A. Blouin
1988, Journal of Great Lakes Research (14) 394-404
Of the six classes of chemicals potentially hazardous to Great Lakes aquatic biota, derivatives of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the most acutely toxic (48-h EC 50) to Daphnia pulex. The other classes, listed in order of decreasing toxicity were alkyl halides, nitrogen-containing compounds, cyclic alkanes, heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, silicon-containing...
Ocean plateau-seamount origin of basaltic rocks, Angayucham terrane, central Alaska
F. Barker, D. L. Jones, J. R. Budahn, P.J. Coney
1988, Journal of Geology (96) 368-374
The Angayucham terrane of north-central Alaska (immediately S of the Brooks Range) is a large (ca. 500 km E-W), allochthonous complex of Devonian to Lower Jurassic pillow basalt, diabase sills, gabbro plutons, and chert. The mafic rocks are transitional normal-to-enriched, mid-ocean-ridge (MORB) type tholeiites (TiO2 1.2-3.4%, Nb 7-23 ppm, Ta...
What is worse than the “big one”?
R. A. Kerr
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 213-218
The Whittier Narrows California earthquake sequence (local magnitude, Ml=5.9 or 1 October, 1987), which caused over $358 million damage, indicates that assessments of earthquake hazards in Los Angeles metropolitan area may be underestimated. the sequence ruptured a previously unidentified thrust fault that may be part of a large system of...
Further comments on sensitivities, parameter estimation, and sampling design in one-dimensional analysis of solute transport in porous media
Debra S. Knopman, Clifford I. Voss
1988, Water Resources Research (24) 225-238
Sensitivities of solute concentration to parameters associated with first-order chemical decay, boundary conditions, initial conditions, and multilayer transport are examined in one-dimensional analytical models of transient solute transport in porous media. A sensitivity is a change in solute concentration resulting from a change in a model parameter. Sensitivity analysis is...
Contamination of estuarine water, biota, and sediment by halogenated organic compounds: A field study
W. E. Pereira, C.E. Rostad, C. T. Chiou, T.I. Brinton, L.B. Barber II, D.K. Demcheck, C. R. Demas
1988, Environmental Science & Technology (22) 772-778
Studies conducted in the vicinity of an industrial outfall in the Calcasieu River estuary, Louisiana, have shown that water, bottom and suspended sediment, and four different species of biota are contaminated with halogenated organic compounds (HOC) including haloarenes. A "salting-out" effect in the estuary moderately enhanced the partitioning tendency of...
High-performance liquid-chromatographic separation of subcomponents of antimycin-A
S. L. Abidi
1988, Journal of Chromatography (447) 65-79
Using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique, a mixture of antimycins A was separated into eight hitherto unreported subcomponents, A1a, A1b, A2a, A2b, A3a, A3b, A4a, and A4b. Although a base-line resolution of the known four major antimycins A1, A2, A3, and A4 was readily achieved with mobile phases containing...
The response of creeping parts of the San Andreas fault to earthquakes on nearby faults: Two examples
R.W. Simpson, S.S. Schulz, L.D. Dietz, Robert O. Burford
1988, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (126) 665-685
Rates of shallow slip on creeping sections of the San Andreas fault have been perturbed on a number of occasions by earthquakes occurring on nearby faults. One example of such perturbations occurred during the 26 January 1986 magnitude 5.3 Tres Pinos earthquake located about 10 km southeast of Hollister, California....
The seismic radiation from composite models of faulting
J. Boatwright
1988, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (78) 489-508
The failure of an asperity, i.e., the dynamic rupture of a small fault area with finite stress drop surrounded by a broken or weak fault area which has no stress drop but which slips after the asperity fails, is proposed as a model for the rupture process of a subevent...
Failure of self-similarity for large (Mw > 81/4) earthquakes
S.H. Hartzell, T. H. Heaton
1988, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (78) 478-488
Compares teleseismic P-wave records for earthquakes in the magnitude range from 6.0-9.5 with synthetics for a self-similar, omega 2 source model and conclude that the energy radiated by very large earthquakes (Mw > 81/4) is not self-similar to that radiated from smaller earthquakes (Mw < 81/4). Furthermore, in the period...
Relic magma chamber structures preserved within the Mesozoic North Atlantic crust?
J. McCarthy, J.C. Mutter, J. L. Morton, Norman H. Sleep, G. A. Thompson
1988, Geological Society of America Bulletin (100) 1423-1436
The North Atlantic Transect seismic reflection data, collected southwest of Bermuda, have been reinterpreted following post-stack migration and reveal two major intracrustal reflections. The shallower of these two events, located ∼1 s below the igneous basement, is a subhorizontal, undulating surface that in some places is continuous for as much...
Seismic stratigraphy of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf and upper continental slope
J. L. Kindinger
1988, Marine Geology (83) 79-94
The Mississippi-Alabama shelf and upper continental slope contain relatively thin Upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. Five stages of shelf evolution can be identified from the early Wisconsinan to present. The stages were controlled by glacioeustatic or relative sea-level changes and are...
Nationwide regression models for predicting urban runoff water quality at unmonitored sites
Gary D. Tasker, N. E. Driver
1988, Water Resources Bulletin (24) 1091-1101
Regression models are presented that can be used to estimate mean loads for chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, dissolved solids, total nitrogen, total ammonia plus nitrogen, total phosphorous, dissolved phosphorous, total copper, total lead, and total zinc at unmonitored sites in urban areas. Explanatory variables include drainage area, imperviousness of...
Stable isotope geochemistry of sphalerite and other mineral matter in coal beds of the Illinois and Forest City basins
J. F. Whelan, J.C. Cobb, R. O. Rye
1988, Economic Geology (83) 990-1007
Cleat and clastic dikes of Middle Pennsylvanian-age coal beds of the Illinois and Forest City basins of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas locally contain appreciable amounts of sphalerite within a kaolinite-pyrite-sphalerite (+ or - pyrite)-calcite paragenetic sequence. The sphalerite and associated minerals are of interest as a partial record of...
Liquid hydrocarbons probable under Ross Sea
A. K. Cooper, F.J. Davey, K. Hinz
1988, Oil & Gas Journal (86) 118-124
Thick glacial strata, which have no source-rock potential, cover the Ross Sea. If these strata persist to great depths, then hydrocarbon-generation prospects will be poor. Deeply buried strata within Ross Sea rift-grabens, if like other Gondwana rift-deposits, could have good potential for hydrocarbon generation. Current hydrocarbon assessments of the Ross...
A climatic-limnologic model of diatom succession for paleolimnological interpretation of varved sediments at Elk Lake, Minnesota
Bradbury J. Platt
1988, Journal of Paleolimnology (1) 115-131
Sediment traps placed in the profundal region of Elk Lake, north central Minnesota during the 1979 spring and 1983-84 fall and spring seasons monitored seasonal diatom production for two climatically distinctive periods. The spring of 1979 was one of the coldest and wettest on record. Ice out at Elk Lake...
General solutions For viscoplastic debris flow
Cheng-lung Chen
1988, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (114) 259-282
Theoretical velocity profile and theoretical pressure and concentration distributions for (steady) uniform debris flow in wide channels are derived from a generalized viscoplastic fluid (GVF) model without imposing R. A. Bagnold's assumption of constant grain concentration. Good agreement between the theoretical velocity profile and the experimental data of Japanese scientists...
