Microbial degradation of crude oil and some model hydrocarbons
Fu-Hsian Chang, N.N. Noben, Danny Brand, Marc F. Hult
1988, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Second Technical Meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481
Research on microbial degradation of crude oil in the shallow subsurface at a spill site near Bemidji, Minn. (fig. C-l), began in 1983 (Hull, 1984; Chang and Ehrlich, 1984). The rate and extent of crude oil and model hydrocarbon biodegradation by the indigenous microbial community was measured in the laboratory...
Guidance for modeling causes and effects in environmental problem solving
Carl L. Armour, Samuel C. Williamson
1988, Report, Biological Report
Environmental problems are difficult to solve because their causes and effects are not easily understood. When attempts are made to analyze causes and effects, the principal challenge is organization of information into a framework that is logical, technically defensible, and easy to understand and communicate. When decisionmakers attempt...
Trace element residues in bluegills and common carp from the lower San Joaquin River, California, and its tributaries
Michael K. Saiki, Thomas W. May
1988, Science of the Total Environment (74) 199-217
Whole-body samples of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the San Joaquin River and two tributaries (Merced River and Salt Slough) were analyzed to determine if the concentrations of any of nine elements were elevated as a result of exposure of the fish to agricultural subsurface (tile)...
Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor
F.T. Manheim, C.M. Lane-Bostwick
1988, Nature (335) 59-62
Ferromanganese oxide crusts, which accumulate on unsedimented surfaces in the open ocean1–6, derive most of their metal content from dissolved and particulate matter in ambient bottom water7,8, in proportions modified by the variable scavenging efficiency of the oxide phase for susceptible ions9. They differ in this respect from abyssal nodules,...
Agonistic asymmetries and the foraging ecology of Bald Eagles
Richard L. Knight, Susan Knight Skagen
1988, Ecology (69) 1188-1194
We investigated the effects of both asymmetries and differing food levels on contest outcomes of wintering Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) feeding on chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) carcasses. Large eagles, regardless of age, were more successful in pirating than smaller eagles. Small pirating eagles were usually unsuccessful unless they were adults...
An exploration geochemical technique for the determination of preconcentrated organometallic halides by ICP-AES
J. M. Motooka
1988, Applied Spectroscopy (42) 1293-1296
An atomic absorption extraction technique which is widely used in geochemical exploration for the determination of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn has been modified and adapted to a simultaneous inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission instrument. The experimental and operating parameters are described for the preconcentration...
Problems with surface water models from a user's perspective
K. Thornton, Clair B. Stalnaker, K. Baun
1988, Book, Proceedings of the international symposium on water quality modeling of agricultural non-point sources
No abstract available....
The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25°C
P.C. Bennett, M.E. Melcer, D. I. Siegel, J.P. Hassett
1988, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (52) 1521-1530
The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25° and standard pressure was investigated by the batch dissolution method. The bulk dissolution rate of quartz in 20 mmole/Kg citrate solutions at pH 7 was 8 to 10 times faster than that in pure water. After 1750...
Linear solvation energy relationships for toxicity of selected organic chemicals to Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna
Dora R. M. Passino, James P. Hickey, Anthony M. Frank
1988, Book, Proceedings of the QSAR: third international workshop on quantitative structure-activity relationships in environmental toxicology
In the Laurentian Great Lakes, more than 300 contaminants have been identified in fish, other biota, water, and sediment. Current hazard assessment of these chemicals by the National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes is based on their toxicity, occurrence in the environment, and source. Although scientists at the Center have tested...
Use of GIS technologies in addressing resource management problems in Mobile Bay, Alabama
Mary C. Watzin, P.F. Roscigno, James D. Scurry, E. Randy Roach
1988, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Fifth National Moss Users Workshop
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies are being used in three neutral resource management studies of Mobile Bay, AL. Each study is briefly discussed. In the first, the GIS was used to analyze wetland habitat changes in the bay over a 25-year period. In the second, cartographic modeling techniques are being...
Arsenic in ground water of the Western United States
Alan H. Welch, Michael S. Lico, Jennifer L. Hughes
1988, Groundwater (26) 333-347
Natural occurrences of ground water with moderate (10 to 50 micrograms per liter) to high (greater than 50 micrograms per liter) concentrations of arsenic are common throughout much of the Western United States. High concentrations of arsenic are generally associated with one of four geochemical environments: (1) basin-fill deposits of...
Internal inconsistencies in dispersion-dominated models that incorporate chemical and microbial kinetics
Fred J. Molz, Mark A. Widdowson
1988, Water Resources Research (24) 615-619
Current understanding of transport processes in aquifers is limited by lack of precise point chemical concentration measurements. Recently, however, some careful measurements of vertical chemical concentration profiles have been made at several locations around the world that appear to support a consistent picture concerning the persistence of large vertical concentration...
The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, California
E. Hauksson, Lucile M. Jones, T.L. Davis, L.K. Hutton, Pat Williams, Allison L. Bent, A. Gerald Brady, Paul A. Reasenberg, A.J. Michael, R. F. Yerkes, E. Etheredge, R. L. Porcella, M.J.S. Johnston, G. Reagor, C. G. Bufe, E. Cranswick, A.K. Shakal
1988, Science (239) 1409-1412
The Whittier Narrows earthquake sequence (local magnitude, ML = 5.9), which caused over 358-million dollars damage, indicates that assessments of earthquake hazards in the Los Angeles metropolitan area may be underestimated. The sequence ruptured a previously unidentified thrust fault that may be part of a large system of thrust faults that extends...
Gas bubbles in fossil amber as possible indicators of the major gas composition of ancient air
R.A. Berner, Gary P. Landis
1988, Science (239) 1406-1409
Gases trapped in Miocene to Upper Cretaceous amber were released by gently crushing the amber under vacuum and were analyzed by quadrupole mass spectrometry. After discounting the possibility that the major gases N2, O2, and CO2 underwent appreciable diffusion and diagenetic exchange with their surroundings or reaction with the amber, it...
Uranium-series dating of the Mousterian occupation at Abric Romani, Spain
J. L. Bischoff, R. Julia, R. Mora
1988, Nature (332) 68-70
The precise evolutionary position of the Neanderthal people continues to be a major uncertainty in human evolution. Their origin and their relationship to anatomically modern people are unclear and are clouded by poor chronology. Lithic artefacts of the Mousterian type, found throughout Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, are believed to...
Cooperative federal-state liming research on surface waters impacted by acidic deposition
R.K. Schreiber
1988, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (41) 53-73
In the eastern and north-central United States, lakes and streams with low acid neutralizing capacity are at risk from acidity. Resource management agencies are interested in developing mitigation strategies that protect or restore fisheries in these waters. Addition of limestone (calcium carbonate) to improve water quality...
Granulite fades Nd-isotopic homogenization in the Lewisian complex of northwest Scotland
M.J. Whitehouse
1988, Nature (331) 705-707
A published Sm–Nd whole-rock isochron of 2,920 ± 50 Myr, obtained from a wide range of lithologies in the Lewisian complex of north-west Scotland, was interpreted1 as the time of protolith formation. This date is ∼260 Myr older than estimates for the timing of high-grade metamorphism in the complex at ∼ 2,660...
Methane hydrates and global climate
Keith A. Kvenvolden
1988, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2) 221-229
Methane hydrates are globally widespread in permafrost regions and beneath the sea in sediment of outer continental margins. The amount of methane sequestered in gas hydrates is probably enormous, but estimates of the amounts are speculative and range over three orders of magnitude (about 103 to 106 GT (gigatons = 1015 g)). A...
Hotshots, hotspots, and female preference in the organization of lek mating systems
B. M. Beehler, Mercedes S. Foster
1988, American Naturalist (131) 203-219
We critically review the female-preference and hotspot models, the two most widely accepted recent explanations of lek organization. On the basis of what we believe are the inadequacies of these models-too great a reliance on the presumed acuity of female discrimination, the assumption that females have full freedom of choice...
Deformation along the northeast side of Blacktail Mountains salient, southwestern Montana
Russell G. Tysdal
1988, GSA Memoirs (171) 203-215
The Blacktail Mountains salient is a convex-eastward area of stacked Laramide-age thrust faults that trend north and dip west at moderate angles. The thrusts occur in Mississippian to Cretaceous strata above a basement of Archean metamorphic rocks. The northern margin of the salient is delimited by the Jake Canyon fault,...
Friction of ice
M. L. Beeman, W.B. Durham, Stephen H. Kirby
1988, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (93) 7625-7633
The frictional strength of ice seems to be well below that for all other rocks. Triaxial testing of cylinders of pure water ice containing a 45° inclined sawcut, at temperatures of 77 ≤ T ≤ 115 K and confining pressures 0.1 ≤ P ≤ 250 MPa, reveals the frictional laws τ = 0.20 σn +...
Pyrite formation in the Lower Cretaceous Mowry Shale: Effect of organic matter type and reactive iron content
Hugh R. Davis, Charles W. Byers, Walter E. Dean
1988, American Journal of Science (288) 873-890
Geochemical analysis of the Lower Cretaceous Mowry Shale in Wyoming and Montana shows that organic matter type and reactive iron content limited pyrite formation during early diagenesis. Consequently, direct interpretation of paleosalinity cannot be made from a carbon/sulfur plot. Mowry Shale samples with hydrogen index (HI) less than 150 (mg...
Assessment of the role of bottomland hardwoods in sediment and erosion control
A. Molinas, Gregor T. Auble, C.A. Segelquist, Lee S. Ischinger
1988, Report
Drainage and clearing of bottomland hardwoods have long been recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) as important impacts of Federal water projects in the lower Mississippi River Valley. More recently, the water quality impacts of such projects (e.g., increases in...
Cattle grazing and small mammals on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada
John L. Oldemeyer, L. R. Allen-Johnson
1988, Report, Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America: Proceedings of the symposium
We studied effects of cattle grazing on small mammal microhabitat and abundance in northwestern Nevada. Abundance, diversity, and microhabitat were compared between a 375-ha cattle exclosure and a deferred-rotation grazing allotment which had a three-year history of light to moderate use. No consistent differences were found in abundance, diversity, or...
An overview of a habitat suitability index model for moose: Lake Superior region
A.W. Allen, J.W. Terrell, P.A. Jordan
1988, Alces (24) 118-125
A three-day workshop was held to develop a model for evaluation of moose habitat in the Lake Superior region. The ultimate goal of the workshop was to provide planning tools to enhance habitat management for moose and maximize the integration of those management objectives with silvicultural goals. An abstract of...
