ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL.
Gail Thelin, Leonard Gaydas, Walter Donovan, Carol Mladinich
1984, Conference Paper
Data obtained from 59 Landsat scenes were used to estimate the areal extent of irrigated agriculture over the High Plains region of the United States for a ground-water flow model. This model provides information on current trends in the amount and distribution of water used for irrigation. The analysis and...
LINEAR MODELS FOR MANAGING SOURCES OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION.
Steven M. Gorelick, Sven-Ake Gustafson
Noye JohnFletcher Clive, editor(s)
1984, Conference Paper
Mathematical models for the problem of maintaining a specified groundwater quality while permitting solute waste disposal at various facilities distributed over space are discussed. The pollutants are assumed to be chemically inert and their concentrations in the groundwater are governed by linear equations for advection and diffusion. The aim is...
Geophysical investigation of a Suture Zone: The Border Ranges Fault of southern Alaska
M. A. Fisher, Roland E. von Huene
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 11333-11351
The Border Ranges fault separates structurally complex accreted Cretaceous rocks from less deformed middle or late Paleozoic and younger rocks in the Cook-Shelikof basin. Of the five types of geophysical data used to investigate this fault, gravity data give the clearest indication of its presence and crustal structure. For at...
Application of mineral-solution equilibria to geochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in two basins in west central Utah
W. R. Miller, R. B. Wanty, J. B. McHugh
1984, Economic Geology (79) 266-283
A geochemical survey utilizing mainly ground waters was conducted in the Milford and Beaver basins. Waters were collected mainly from wells and springs at 100 sites and analyzed for major and minor elements. A computer model (WATEQ3) was used to calculate the redox potential and the state of saturation of...
Complexation of trace metals by adsorbed natural organic matter
J.A. Davis
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 679-691
The adsorption behavior and solution speciation of Cu(II) and Cd(II) were studied in model systems containing colloidal alumina particles and dissolved natural organic matter. At equilibrium a significant fraction of the alumina surface was covered by adsorbed organic matter. Cu(II) was partitioned primarily between the surface-bound organic matter and dissolved...
Regional investigations of soil and overburden analysis and plant uptake of metals
L. P. Gough
1984, Minerals and the Environment (6) 105-110
Regional studies on the bioavailability of metals at native and disturbed sites were conducted over the past seven years by the USGS. The work was concentrated in the Fort Union, Powder River, and Green River coal resource regions where measures of extractable metals in soils were found to have limited...
THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA.
Ken Watson, Susanne Hummer-Miller
1984, Conference Paper
Thermal-inertia data, derived from the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) satellite, were analyzed in areas of varying amounts of vegetation cover. Thermal differences which appear to correlate with lithologic differences have been observed previously in areas of substantial vegetation cover. However, the energy exchange occurring within the canopy is much...
Dynamics of a geothermal field traced by noble gases: Cerro Prieto, Mexico
E. Mazor, A.H. Truesdell
1984, Geothermics (13) 91-102
Noble gases have been measured mass spectrometrically in samples collected during 1977 from producing wells at Cerro Prieto. Positive correlations between concentrations of radiogenic (He and 40Ar) and atmospheric noble gases (Ne, Ar and Kr) suggest the following dynamic model: the geothermal fluids originated from meteoric water that penetrated to...
Development and evaluation of a gas chromatographic method for the determination of triazine herbicides in natural water samples
T.R. Steinheimer, M.G. Brooks
1984, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (17) 97-111
A multi-residue method is described for the determination o triazine herbicides in natural water samples. The technique uses solvent extraction followed by gas chromatographic separation and detection employing nitrogen-selective devices. Seven compounds can be determined simultaneously at a nominal detection limit of 0.1 μg/L in a...
GEOLOGIC APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR DATA IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS.
Howard A. Pohn, C. Scott Southworth
1984, Conference Paper
Side-looking airborne radar has provided a sufficiently detailed synoptic view of the central Appalachian Mountains that the images give an unparalleled representation of the size and nature of the folds within the Valley and Ridge province. The radar data show that fold wavelengths decrease abruptly south of the region of...
Inverse problems for torsional modes.
C. Willis
1984, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (78) 847-853
Considers a spherically symmetric, non-rotating Earth consisting of an isotropic, perfect elastic material where the density and the S-wave velocity may have one or two discontinuities in the upper mantle. Shows that given the velocity throughout the mantle and the crust and given the density in the lower mantle, then...
Modeling behavior of prescribed fires in Yosemite National Park
J. W. van Wagtendonk, S.J. Botti
1984, Journal of Forestry (82) 479-484
The National Fire Danger Rating System and the Fire Behavior Prediction System were tested on prescribed fires burning underneath canopies in six fuel types in Yosemite National Park, California. The mean error for rate of spread was +0.03 foot per minute for the NFDRS and -0.15 foot for the...
On the formation of calderas during ignimbrite eruptions
T. H. Druitt, R. S. J. Sparks
1984, Nature (310) 679-681
Many large calderas result from the eruption of substantial volumes (tens or hundreds of km3) of silicic pyroclastics. Such events often begin with an airfall phase and progress to the generation of voluminous ignimbrites1-3. We propose here that many such eruptions involve two well-defined stages, based on a simple analysis...
Archaeological sedimentology of overbank silt deposits on the floodplain of the Ohio River near Louisville, Kentucky
H.H. Gray
1984, Journal of Archaeological Science (11) 421-432
The surface of the floodplain of the Ohio River about 20km southwest of Louisville, Kentucky, is a series of linear ridges and swales that are subparallel to the channel of the river, which here is relatively straight and flows southward. Numerous prehistoric occupational sites are located on these ridges. The...
The isotope systematics of a juvenile intraplate volcano: Pb, Nd, and Sr isotope ratios of basalts from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii
H. Staudigel, A. Zindler, S.R. Hart, T. Leslie, C.-Y. Chen, D. Clague
1984, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (69) 13-29
Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios for a representative suite of 15 basanites, alkali basalts, transitional basalts and tholeiites from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, display unusually large variations for a single volcano, but lie within known ranges for Hawaiian basalts. Nd isotope...
Changing patterns of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation and implications of climatic control on coal occurrence
T.L. Phillips, R.A. Peppers
1984, International Journal of Coal Geology (3) 205-255
Improved regional and interregional stratigraphic correlations of Pennsylvanian strata permit comparisons of vegetational changes in Euramerican coal swamps. The coal-swamp vegetation is known directly from in situ coal-ball peat deposits from more than 65 coals in the United States and Europe....
MUNSELL COLOR ANALYSIS OF LANDSAT COLOR-RATIO-COMPOSITE IMAGES OF LIMONITIC AREAS IN SOUTHWEST NEW MEXICO.
Fred A. Kruse
1984, Conference Paper
Green areas on Landsat 4/5 - 4/6 - 6/7 (red - blue - green) color-ratio-composite (CRC) images represent limonite on the ground. Color variation on such images was analyzed to determine the causes of the color differences within and between the green areas. Digital transformation of the CRC data into...
Interpretation of gravity data in a complex volcano-tectonic setting, southwestern Nevada
David B. Snyder, W. J. Carr
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 10193-10206
This regional gravity study, based on an irregular 2-km data grid, was conducted during the past few years at Yucca Mountain, southern Nye County, Nevada, as part of a program to locate a suitable repository for high-level nuclear waste. About 100 surface rock samples, three borehole gamma-gamma logs, and one...
Chemical determination of particulate nitrogen in San Francisco Bay. Nitrogen: chlorophyll a ratios in plankton
S.W. Hager, D.D. Harmon, A.E. Alpine
1984, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (19) 193-204
Particulate nitrogen (PN) and chlorophyll a (Chla) were measured in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay throughout 1980. The PN values were calculated as the differences between unfiltered and filtered (0·4 μm) samples analyzed using the UV-catalyzed peroxide digestion method. The Chla values were measured spectrophotometrically, with corrections made for phaeopigments. The...
A simple model of a phreatic surface through an earth dam
T. V. Hromadka II
1984, Advances in Water Resources (7) 141-143
A simple numerical model for estimating a phreatic surface in an earthen dam is presented. The numerical approach is based upon the Complex Variable Boundary Element Method (CVBEM). By expanding the CVBEM approximation geometric functions into a first order Taylor series, the unknown phreatic surface location geometrics can be approximated...
Geochemistry of tholeiitic and alkalic lavas from the Koolau Range, Oahu, Hawaii: Implications for Hawaiian volcanism
M.F. Roden, F.A. Frey, D.A. Clague
1984, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (69) 141-158
Lavas of the post-erosional, alkalic Honolulu Volcanics have significantly lower 87Sr/86Sr and higher 143Nd/144Nd than the older and underlying Koolau tholeiites which form the Koolau shield of eastern Oahu, Hawaii. Despite significant compositional variation within lavas forming the Honolulu Volcanics, these lavas are isotopically...
Lu-Hf constraints on the evolution of lunar basalts
Hirokazu Fujimaki, Mistunobu Tatsumoto
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) B445-B458
Very low Ti basalts and green glass samples from the moon show high Lu/Hf ratios and low Hf concentrations. Low-Ti lunar basalts show high and variable Lu/Hf ratios and higher Hf concentrations, whereas high-Ti lunar basalts show low Lu/Hf ratios and high Hf concentrations. KREEP basalts have constant Lu/Hf ratios...
Creep behavior of submarine sediments
Armand J. Silva, J.S. Booth
1984, Geo-Marine Letters (4) 215-219
A series of experiments on drained creep of marine sediment indicates that strength degradation results from the creep process, which implies an associated reduction in slope stability. Furthermore, the highest creep potential of a sediment may be at its preconsolidation stress. Results from the experiments on samples from Georges Bank...
Submersible pressure outflow cell for measurement of soil water retention and diffusivity from 5 to 95 degrees C
Jim Constantz, W.N. Herkelrath
1984, Soil Science Society of America Journal (48) 7-10
A technique was developed to measure water content in soil as a function of capillary pressure from 5 to 95°C. To overcome problems encountered at high temperature, a modified Tempe pressure cell containing a soil sample is suspended in a constant-temperature water bath. The cell's porous plate is in direct...
Economics and appraisal of conventional oil and gas resources in the western Gulf of Mexico
Emil Attanasi, John L. Haynes
1984, Journal of Petroleum Technology (36) 2171-2180
The oil and gas industry frequently appraises undiscovered oil and gas resources on a regional basis to decide whether to start or continue exploration programs. The appraisals are of little value unless conditioned by estimates of the costs of finding and producing the resources. This paper presents an economic appraisal...
