Review of developments in space remote sensing for monitoring resources
Allen H. Watkins, D. T. Lauer, G. B. Bailey, D. G. Moore, W. G. Rohde
1984, Conference Paper
Space remote sensing systems are compared for suitability in assessing and monitoring the Earth's renewable resources. Systems reviewed include the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the French Systeme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (SPOT), the German Shuttle Pallet...
Submersible pressure outflow cell for measurement of soil water retention and diffusivity from 5 to 95 degrees C
Jim Constantz, W.N. Herkelrath
1984, Soil Science Society of America Journal (48) 7-10
A technique was developed to measure water content in soil as a function of capillary pressure from 5 to 95°C. To overcome problems encountered at high temperature, a modified Tempe pressure cell containing a soil sample is suspended in a constant-temperature water bath. The cell's porous plate is in direct...
Thermal modeling of Halley's comet
P.R. Weissman, H. H. Kieffer
1984, Advances in Space Research (4) 221-224
The comet thermal model of Weissman and Kieffer is used to calculate gas production rates and other parameters for the 1986 perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Gas production estimates are very close to revised pre-perihelion estimates by Newburn based on 1910 observations of Halley; the increase in observed gas production...
A probabilistic model for the persistence of early planar fabrics in polydeformed pelitic schists
C.C. Ferguson
1984, Journal of Structural Geology (6) 135-146
Although early planar fabrics are commonly preserved within microlithons in low-grade pelites, in higher-grade (amphibolite facies) pelitic schists fabric regeneration often appears complete. Evidence for early fabrics may be preserved within porphyroblasts but, within the matrix, later deformation often appears to...
Geophysical investigation of a Suture Zone: The Border Ranges Fault of southern Alaska
M. A. Fisher, Roland E. von Huene
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 11333-11351
The Border Ranges fault separates structurally complex accreted Cretaceous rocks from less deformed middle or late Paleozoic and younger rocks in the Cook-Shelikof basin. Of the five types of geophysical data used to investigate this fault, gravity data give the clearest indication of its presence and crustal structure. For at...
Aquifer reclamation design: The use of contaminant transport simulation combined with nonlinear programing
Steven M. Gorelick, Clifford I. Voss, Philip E. Gill, Walter Murray, Michael A. Saunders, Margaret H. Wright
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 415-427
A simulation-management methodology is demonstrated for the rehabilitation of aquifers that have been subjected to chemical contamination. Finite element groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation are combined with nonlinear optimization. The model is capable of determining well locations plus pumping and injection rates for groundwater quality control. Examples demonstrate linear...
Macrotidal subarctic environment of Turnagain and Knik Arms, Upper Cook Inlet, Alaska: sedimentology of the intertidal zone
S. Bartsch-Winkler, A.T. Ovenshine
1984, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (54) 1221-1238
An extensive sheet of silty sand crossed by tidal channels is exposed at low tide in Turnagain and Knik Arms, Alaska. Transportation and deposition of sediment composing this sheet is the result of strong tidal currents due to the maximum spring tidal range...
Sedimentary structures formed in sand by surface tension on melting hailstones
D. M. Rubin, R. E. Hunter
1984, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (54) 581-582
Craters form when hailstones impact sand. When a hailstone melts, wet but unsaturated sand within the crater is attracted to the hailstone surface by surface tension. Shrinkage of the melting hailstone then produces one or more rings of sand within the impact crater.--Modified...
Note on the applicability of the James-Stein Estimator in regional hydrologic studies
J. Maciunas Landwehr, N.C. Matalas, J.R. Wallis
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 1630-1638
The applicability of the James-Stein estimator in regional hydrologic studies which entail the estimation of an N-dimensional location parameter is discussed. Regional studies are frequently characterized by relatively short, generally correlated, samples drawn from nonsymmetric and bounded, i.e., nonnormal, populations. By means of computer simulation studies the James-Stein estimator, subject to...
Local gravity anomalies produced by dislocation sources
J.C. Savage
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 1945-1952
Rundle (1978) and Walsh and Rice (1979) have shown that the change in the vertical component of gravity is proportional to uplift for a spherical source of dilatation and for slip on an infinitely long dip-slip fault. In the first case, no free air gravity anomaly is produced and in...
Effect of anisotropy and groundwater system geometry on seepage through lakebeds. 1. Analog and dimensional analysis
H.O. Pfannkuch, T. C. Winter
1984, Journal of Hydrology (75) 213-237
Distribution of seepage through lakebeds is controlled partly by geometric configuration of the lake and of the groundwater system interacting with the lake. To evaluate the effect of these factors, conductive-paper electric-analog models were used to analyze a number of lake and groundwater...
Evolution of the MOSS geographic information system for 32-bit computer systems
R.J. Thompson, Lyndon R. Oleson
1984, Conference Paper
The authors discuss the current status and plans regarding the 32-bit implementation of the Map Overly and Statistical System (MOSS) geographic information system. Increasing interest in this system is promoting significant expansion of its capabilities, but any such enhancements will require careful analysis and planning to ensure that the resulting...
MUNSELL COLOR ANALYSIS OF LANDSAT COLOR-RATIO-COMPOSITE IMAGES OF LIMONITIC AREAS IN SOUTHWEST NEW MEXICO.
Fred A. Kruse
1984, Conference Paper
Green areas on Landsat 4/5 - 4/6 - 6/7 (red - blue - green) color-ratio-composite (CRC) images represent limonite on the ground. Color variation on such images was analyzed to determine the causes of the color differences within and between the green areas. Digital transformation of the CRC data into...
Accumulation of organic matter in Cretaceous oxygen-deficient depositional environments in the central Pacific Ocean
W.E. Dean, George E. Claypool, J. Thide
1984, Organic Geochemistry (7) 39-51
Complete records of organic-carbon-rich Cretaceous strata were continuouslycored on the flanks of the Mid-Pacific Mountains and southern Hess Rise in the central North Pacific Ocean during DSDP Leg 62. Organic-carbon-rich laminated silicified limestones were deposited in the western Mid-Pacific Mountains during the early Aptian, a time when that region was...
Radioactive disequilibria in mineralised fracture samples from two uranium occurrences in northern Sweden
John A.T. Smellie, J.N. Rosholt
1984, LITHOS (17) 215-225
Mineralised fractures from two uranium occurrences in northern Sweden were examined mineralogically and isotopically to establish the presence or absence of radioactive equilibrium that may indicate recent rock-water interaction processes based on the natural mobility of uranium (i.e.; during the last 0.5 Ma). The results show evidence of radioactive disequilibrium...
MICROCHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC- AND SELENIUM-BEARING PYRITE IN UPPER FREEPORT COAL, INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
J.A. Minkin, R. B. Finkelman, C.L. Thompson, E. C. T. Chao, L.F. Ruppert, H. Blank, C. B. Cecil
1984, Scanning Electron Microscopy 1515-1529
Optical and scanning electron microscope as well as electron and proton microprobe techniques have been used in a detailed investigation of the modes of occurrence of arsenic and selenium in pyrite in Upper Freeport coal from the Homer City area, Indiana County, Pennsylvania. Polished blocks were prepared from columnar samples...
Reflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications
Roger N. Clark, T. L. Roush
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research (89) 6329-6340
Several methods for the analysis of remotely sensed reflectance data are compared, including empirical methods and scattering theories, both of which are important for solving remote sensing problems. The concept of the photon mean optical path length and the implications for use in modeling reflectance spectra are presented. It is...
Inverse problems for torsional modes.
C. Willis
1984, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (78) 847-853
Considers a spherically symmetric, non-rotating Earth consisting of an isotropic, perfect elastic material where the density and the S-wave velocity may have one or two discontinuities in the upper mantle. Shows that given the velocity throughout the mantle and the crust and given the density in the lower mantle, then...
A simple model of ice segregation using an analytic function to model heat and soil-water flow
T. V. Hromadka II, G. L. Guymon
1984, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Transactions of the ASME (106) 515-520
For slowly moving freezing fronts in soil, the heat-transport equation may be approximated by the Laplacian of temperature. Consequently, potential theory may be assumed to apply and the temperature state can be approximated by an analytic function. The movement of freezing fronts may be approximated by a time-stepped solution of...
Development and evaluation of a gas chromatographic method for the determination of triazine herbicides in natural water samples
T.R. Steinheimer, M.G. Brooks
1984, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (17) 97-111
A multi-residue method is described for the determination o triazine herbicides in natural water samples. The technique uses solvent extraction followed by gas chromatographic separation and detection employing nitrogen-selective devices. Seven compounds can be determined simultaneously at a nominal detection limit of 0.1 μg/L in a...
Deglaciation and postglacial timberline in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado
P. E. Carrara, W.N. Mode, M. Rubin, S.W. Robinson
1984, Quaternary Research (21) 42-55
Lake Emma, which no longer exists because of a mining accident, was a tarn in a south-facing cirque near the headwaters of the Animas River in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. During the Pinedale glaciation, this area was covered by a large transection glacier centered over the Lake...
Deformation, geochemistry, and origin of massive sulfide deposits, Gossan lead district, Virginia
J. E. Gair, J. F. Slack
1984, Economic Geology (79) 1483-1520
The Gossan Lead district is a 28-km-long, northeast-trending belt of discontinuous massive sulfide deposits in the Blue Ridge province of southwestern Virginia. The deposits, hosted by the Ashe Formation of late Proterozoic age, consist of strata-bound lenses and layers of massive pyrrhotite, minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite, and rare arsenopyrite...
Status and future of satellite image mapping: Based on experience of the U.S. Geological Survey
Alden P. Colvocoresses
Cook Jerald J., editor(s)
1984, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment
Space systems now provide data in basically orthographic form which greatly simplifies the production of the image map. Moreover, the multispectral capability of space systems facilitates the use of the color mode when compared to aerial photography. Digital graphical information systems are now being developed on a global basis and...
Lu-Hf constraints on the evolution of lunar basalts
Hirokazu Fujimaki, Mistunobu Tatsumoto
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) B445-B458
Very low Ti basalts and green glass samples from the moon show high Lu/Hf ratios and low Hf concentrations. Low-Ti lunar basalts show high and variable Lu/Hf ratios and higher Hf concentrations, whereas high-Ti lunar basalts show low Lu/Hf ratios and high Hf concentrations. KREEP basalts have constant Lu/Hf ratios...
Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream
Kenneth E. Bencala, Vance C. Kennedy, Gary W. Zellweger, Alan P. Jackman, Ronald J. Avanzino
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 1797-1803
An experimental injection was performed to study the transport of stream water solutes under conditions of significant interaction with streambed sediments in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream. Experiments were conducted in Little Lost Man Creek, Humboldt County, California, in a period of low flow duringwhich only a part of the bank-full...
