A simple model of ice segregation using an analytic function to model heat and soil-water flow
T. V. Hromadka II, G. L. Guymon
1984, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Transactions of the ASME (106) 515-520
For slowly moving freezing fronts in soil, the heat-transport equation may be approximated by the Laplacian of temperature. Consequently, potential theory may be assumed to apply and the temperature state can be approximated by an analytic function. The movement of freezing fronts may be approximated by a time-stepped solution of...
Geochemistry of ferromanganese nodules from DOMES site a, Northern Equatorial Pacific: Multiple diagenetic metal sources in the deep sea
S.E. Calvert, D.Z. Piper
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 1913-1928
The major and minor element composition of ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A has been determined by X-ray fluorescence methods. Three phases appear to control the bulk compositions: Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides and aluminosilicates. Relatively wide compositional variations are evident throughout the area. Nodules with high Mn/Fe ratios, high Cu,...
LINEAR MODELS FOR MANAGING SOURCES OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION.
Steven M. Gorelick, Sven-Ake Gustafson
Noye JohnFletcher Clive, editor(s)
1984, Conference Paper
Mathematical models for the problem of maintaining a specified groundwater quality while permitting solute waste disposal at various facilities distributed over space are discussed. The pollutants are assumed to be chemically inert and their concentrations in the groundwater are governed by linear equations for advection and diffusion. The aim is...
Evolution of the MOSS geographic information system for 32-bit computer systems
R.J. Thompson, Lyndon R. Oleson
1984, Conference Paper
The authors discuss the current status and plans regarding the 32-bit implementation of the Map Overly and Statistical System (MOSS) geographic information system. Increasing interest in this system is promoting significant expansion of its capabilities, but any such enhancements will require careful analysis and planning to ensure that the resulting...
Geophysical investigation of a Suture Zone: The Border Ranges Fault of southern Alaska
M. A. Fisher, Roland E. von Huene
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 11333-11351
The Border Ranges fault separates structurally complex accreted Cretaceous rocks from less deformed middle or late Paleozoic and younger rocks in the Cook-Shelikof basin. Of the five types of geophysical data used to investigate this fault, gravity data give the clearest indication of its presence and crustal structure. For at...
Review of developments in space remote sensing for monitoring resources
Allen H. Watkins, D. T. Lauer, G. B. Bailey, D. G. Moore, W. G. Rohde
1984, Conference Paper
Space remote sensing systems are compared for suitability in assessing and monitoring the Earth's renewable resources. Systems reviewed include the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the French Systeme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (SPOT), the German Shuttle Pallet...
Calculations of seabird population recovery from potential oilspills in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States
William B. Samuels, A. Ladino
1984, Ecological Modelling (21) 63-84
Calculations were made of herring gull and common tern population recovery from potential oilspill damage in the U.S. mid-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil leasing area. Population recovery was examined using a density-dependent age-specific life history table for each species. Both a deterministic and a stochastic approach were used in...
Aquifer reclamation design: The use of contaminant transport simulation combined with nonlinear programing
Steven M. Gorelick, Clifford I. Voss, Philip E. Gill, Walter Murray, Michael A. Saunders, Margaret H. Wright
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 415-427
A simulation-management methodology is demonstrated for the rehabilitation of aquifers that have been subjected to chemical contamination. Finite element groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation are combined with nonlinear optimization. The model is capable of determining well locations plus pumping and injection rates for groundwater quality control. Examples demonstrate linear...
Application of mineral-solution equilibria to geochemical exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in two basins in west central Utah
W. R. Miller, R. B. Wanty, J. B. McHugh
1984, Economic Geology (79) 266-283
A geochemical survey utilizing mainly ground waters was conducted in the Milford and Beaver basins. Waters were collected mainly from wells and springs at 100 sites and analyzed for major and minor elements. A computer model (WATEQ3) was used to calculate the redox potential and the state of saturation of...
ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL.
Gail Thelin, Leonard Gaydas, Walter Donovan, Carol Mladinich
1984, Conference Paper
Data obtained from 59 Landsat scenes were used to estimate the areal extent of irrigated agriculture over the High Plains region of the United States for a ground-water flow model. This model provides information on current trends in the amount and distribution of water used for irrigation. The analysis and...
Note on the applicability of the James-Stein Estimator in regional hydrologic studies
J. Maciunas Landwehr, N.C. Matalas, J.R. Wallis
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 1630-1638
The applicability of the James-Stein estimator in regional hydrologic studies which entail the estimation of an N-dimensional location parameter is discussed. Regional studies are frequently characterized by relatively short, generally correlated, samples drawn from nonsymmetric and bounded, i.e., nonnormal, populations. By means of computer simulation studies the James-Stein estimator, subject to...
Local gravity anomalies produced by dislocation sources
J.C. Savage
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 1945-1952
Rundle (1978) and Walsh and Rice (1979) have shown that the change in the vertical component of gravity is proportional to uplift for a spherical source of dilatation and for slip on an infinitely long dip-slip fault. In the first case, no free air gravity anomaly is produced and in...
Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge
R.A. Koski, D.A. Clague, E. Oudin
1984, Geological Society of America Bulletin (95) 930-945
Six hydrothermal vent sites and associated benthic communities were located in the axial valley of the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge using transponder-navigated bottom photography. The hydrothermal deposits form ledges and shallow mounds within a central zone characterized by a linear bathymetric depression...
Effect of anisotropy and groundwater system geometry on seepage through lakebeds. 1. Analog and dimensional analysis
H.O. Pfannkuch, T. C. Winter
1984, Journal of Hydrology (75) 213-237
Distribution of seepage through lakebeds is controlled partly by geometric configuration of the lake and of the groundwater system interacting with the lake. To evaluate the effect of these factors, conductive-paper electric-analog models were used to analyze a number of lake and groundwater...
DEFINITION FOR TALC.
Malcolm Ross
Levadie Benjamin, editor(s)
1984, Conference Paper, ASTM Special Technical Publication
Talc is a naturally occurring single-phase mineral having the approximate chemical formula Mg//3Si//4O//1//0(OH)//2 and a specific type of crystal structure. Talc commonly forms by hydrothermal alteration of rocks rich in magnesium and iron (ultramafic rocks) and by low-grade thermal metamorphism of siliceous dolomites. The fact that talc often occurs in...
Submersible pressure outflow cell for measurement of soil water retention and diffusivity from 5 to 95 degrees C
Jim Constantz, W.N. Herkelrath
1984, Soil Science Society of America Journal (48) 7-10
A technique was developed to measure water content in soil as a function of capillary pressure from 5 to 95°C. To overcome problems encountered at high temperature, a modified Tempe pressure cell containing a soil sample is suspended in a constant-temperature water bath. The cell's porous plate is in direct...
THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA.
Ken Watson, Susanne Hummer-Miller
1984, Conference Paper
Thermal-inertia data, derived from the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) satellite, were analyzed in areas of varying amounts of vegetation cover. Thermal differences which appear to correlate with lithologic differences have been observed previously in areas of substantial vegetation cover. However, the energy exchange occurring within the canopy is much...
Radioactive disequilibria in mineralised fracture samples from two uranium occurrences in northern Sweden
John A.T. Smellie, J.N. Rosholt
1984, LITHOS (17) 215-225
Mineralised fractures from two uranium occurrences in northern Sweden were examined mineralogically and isotopically to establish the presence or absence of radioactive equilibrium that may indicate recent rock-water interaction processes based on the natural mobility of uranium (i.e.; during the last 0.5 Ma). The results show evidence of radioactive disequilibrium...
Economics and appraisal of conventional oil and gas resources in the western Gulf of Mexico
Emil Attanasi, John L. Haynes
1984, Journal of Petroleum Technology (36) 2171-2180
The oil and gas industry frequently appraises undiscovered oil and gas resources on a regional basis to decide whether to start or continue exploration programs. The appraisals are of little value unless conditioned by estimates of the costs of finding and producing the resources. This paper presents an economic appraisal...
Dynamics of a geothermal field traced by noble gases: Cerro Prieto, Mexico
E. Mazor, A.H. Truesdell
1984, Geothermics (13) 91-102
Noble gases have been measured mass spectrometrically in samples collected during 1977 from producing wells at Cerro Prieto. Positive correlations between concentrations of radiogenic (He and 40Ar) and atmospheric noble gases (Ne, Ar and Kr) suggest the following dynamic model: the geothermal fluids originated from meteoric water that penetrated to...
Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—I. Studies with synthetic model compounds
J.A. Marinsky, M.M. Reddy
1984, Organic Geochemistry (7) 207-214
A unified physico-chemical model, based on a modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, for the analysis of ion complexation reactions involving charged polymeric systems is presented and verified. In this model pH = pKa+p(ΔKa) + log(α/1 − α) where Ka is the intrinsic acid dissociation constant of the ionizable functional groups on the polymer, ΔKa is the deviation...
Deformation, geochemistry, and origin of massive sulfide deposits, Gossan lead district, Virginia
J. E. Gair, J. F. Slack
1984, Economic Geology (79) 1483-1520
The Gossan Lead district is a 28-km-long, northeast-trending belt of discontinuous massive sulfide deposits in the Blue Ridge province of southwestern Virginia. The deposits, hosted by the Ashe Formation of late Proterozoic age, consist of strata-bound lenses and layers of massive pyrrhotite, minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite, and rare arsenopyrite...
Sedimentary structures formed in sand by surface tension on melting hailstones
D. M. Rubin, R. E. Hunter
1984, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (54) 581-582
Craters form when hailstones impact sand. When a hailstone melts, wet but unsaturated sand within the crater is attracted to the hailstone surface by surface tension. Shrinkage of the melting hailstone then produces one or more rings of sand within the impact crater.--Modified...
Catastrophic isotopic modification of rhyolitic magma at times of caldera subsidence, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field
W. Hildreth, R.L. Christiansen, J. R. O’Neil
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 8339-8369
The Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field has undergone repeated eruption of rhyolitic magma strongly depleted in 18O. Large calderas subsided 2.0, 1.3, and 0.6 Ma ago, on eruption of ash flow sheets that represent at least 2500, 280, and 1000 km3 of zoned magma. More than 60 other rhyolite lavas and tuffs permit...
Modification of wave-cut and faulting-controlled landforms
Thomas C. Hanks, R.C. Bucknam, K. R. Lajoie, R. E. Wallace
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 5771-5790
From a casual observation that the form of degraded fault scarps resembles the error function, this investigation proceeds through an elementary diffusion equation representation of landform evolution to the application of the resulting equations to the modern topography of scarplike landforms. The morphologic observations can be analyzed either in the...
