Studies of hydroxyaluminum complexes in aqueous solution
J. L. Bersillon, D. W. Brown, Francois Fiessinger, J. D. Hem
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 325-337
The coagulating ability of partly neutralized AlCl3 solutions used in water treatment depends on their basicity, expressed here as the ratio NaOH/AlC3. This work presents an identification of the aluminum species active in the coagulation process. The results give rise to an interpretative model which is consistent with those models...
Infiltration from tributary streams in the Susquehanna River basin, New York
Allan D. Randall
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 285-297
As tributary streams in the Susquehanna River basin leave narrow upland valleys and enter larger valleys floored with permeable stratified glacial drift, they lose water by infiltration through streambeds. The infiltration rate is generally slow near the point of entering a larger valley, but farther downstream it is much faster...
Pleistocene history of volcanism and the Owens River near Little Lake, California
Wendell A. Duffield, George I. Smith
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 395-408
During pluvial periods of the Pleistocene and Holocene, a large river flowed south from Owens Lake to China Lake between the Sierra Nevada and the Coso Range. The most recent channel, dry during historic time, is clearly marked by cliffs and falls. An older, now-abandoned part of the channel beneath...
Structural control of the Cumberland River and its ancestral channels at Flat Lick, Kentucky
Wayne L. Newell, Dudley D. Rice
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 359-367
Remnants of old alluvium on bedrock benches, as much as 76 in (250 ft) above the present course of the Cumberland River near Flat Lick, Ky., are associated with meander scars and broad valleys now occupied by underflt streams. The distribution of old alluvium and associated topographic features define two...
Trenches across the 1906 trace of the San Andreas Fault in northern San Mateo County, California
M. G. Bonilla, J. N. Alt, L. D. Hodgen
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 347-358
Two trenches were excavated across the 1906 trace of the San Andreas fault near fences that were displaced by the 1906 faulting. About 18 displacements equal to the 1906 displacement would account for the offset of a stream adjacent to one of the trenches. Review of divergent reports on the...
Factors controlling heavy-mineral variations on the South Texas outer continental shelf, Gulf of Mexico
R. M. Flores, G. L. Shideler
1978, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (48) 269-280
Heavy-mineral distribution on the outer continental shelf off the southern coast of Texas shows regional variability induced by provenance and local variability reflecting genetic differences in sea-floor sediments. Q-mode factor analysis showed that three suites of heavy minerals are present. The southern ancestral Rio Grande delta sediments contain a distinct...
Heavy-mineral variability in the Baltimore Canyon trough area
H.J. Knebel, David C. Twichell
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 215-219
Petrographic analyses of bottom sediments from 87 stations within a relatively large subarea (1700 square kilometers) define the local variability and the distributional processes of heavy minerals in the Baltimore Canyon Trough area (13500km2 ). Of the 29 mineral groups that were identified, those most diagnostic of differences between...
Models for calculating density and vapor pressure of geothermal brines
Robert W. Potter II, John L. Haas Jr.
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 247-257
In a model for estimating density of a brine, the density of a natural brine at a known temperature, pressure, and composition can be calculated from the densities of the component salt solutions in the complex brine. A model for estimating vapor pressure requires two direct or indirect estimates of...
Temperature computation for temperate lakes
R. A. Walters, G. F. Carey, D. F. Winter
1978, Applied Mathematical Modelling (2) 41-48
No abstract available....
Remote-sensing and subsurface definition of facies and structure related to uranium deposits, Powder River Basin, Wyoming
G. L. Raines, Terry W. Offield, E.S. Santos
1978, Economic Geology (73) 1706-1723
Computer-enhanced Landsat images of the southern Powder River Basin have been used to define facies and linear structural features within the Wasatch Formation. The facies distribution is detectable primarily because of a relation of vegetation density and type to the local substrate. The surface indications of facies are confirmed by...
Igneous and metamorphic petrology of the southwestern Dana Mountains, Lassiter Coast, Antarctic Peninsula
Walter R. Vennum
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 95-106
The southwestern Dana Mountains of the southern Antarctic Peninsula are underlain by the western part of a composite concentrically zoned Upper Cretaceous batholith consisting largely of granodiorite. The granodiorite (felsic phase) was intrusive into older heterogeneous gabbro-diorite (mafic phase) which makes up the margin of the batholith. Flat-lying pegmatite bodies...
Petrology of the Precambrian intrusive center at Lake George, southern Front Range, Colorado
R. A. Wobus, R. S. Anderson
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 81-94
The intrusive center at Lake George, at the western margin of the Pikes Peak batholith (1030 m.y.) of central Colorado, contains rocks of both the potassic and sodic differentiation trends recognized in the batholith. Finer grained variants of the Pikes Peak Granite initially formed a texturally zoned stock 8 kilometers...
Porphyry copper exploration model for northern Sonora, Mexico
Gary L. Raines
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 51-58
The regional tectonic pattern of the porphyry copper province of northern Sonora, Mexico, is similar to, but more complex than, the Colorado mineral belt. Four northeast-trending shear zones, spaced at 30- to 50-kilometer intervals from Hermosillo, Mexico, north to Nogales, Mexico, are interpreted from analysis of lineament data from Landsat-1...
Hydrochemistry and hydrodynamics of injecting an iron-rich pickling liquor into a dolomitic sandstone: A laboratory study
Stephen E. Ragone, Francis S. Riley, Robert James Dingman
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 1-9
Waste pickling liquor containing high concentrations of iron salts was injected into cores of quartzite, sandstone, and dolomite in a laboratory study to determine what effect this procedure might have on the permeability of these rock types. Experiments were performed at field conditions 40°C and 13.8 MPa (megapascals) in a...
A log-linear model approach to estimation of population size using the line-transect sampling method
David R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham, B.R. Crain
1978, Ecology (59) 190-193
The technique of estimating wildlife population size and density using the belt or line-transect sampling method has been used in many past projects, such as the estimation of density of waterfowl nestling sites in marshes, and is being used currently in such areas as the assessment of Pacific porpoise stocks...
P-Wave to Rayleigh-wave conversion coefficients for wedge corners; model experiments
A.F. Gangi, R. L. Wesson
1978, Journal of Computational Physics (29) 370-388
An analytic solution is not available for the diffraction of elastic waves by wedges; however, numerical solutions of finite-difference type are available for selected wedge angles. The P- to Rayleigh-wave conversion coefficients at wedge tips have been measured on two-dimensional seismic models for stress-free wedges with wedge angles, ??0, of...
An automated procedure for the simultaneous determination of specific conductance and pH in natural water samples
D. E. Eradmann, Howard E. Taylor
1978, Analytica Chimica Acta (99) 269-274
An automated, continuous-flow system is utilized to determine specific conductance and pH simultaneously in natural waters. A direct electrometric procedure is used to determine values in the range pH 4–9. The specific conductance measurements are made with an electronically modified, commercially available conductivity meter interfaced to a separate module containing...
Chemical composition and distribution of lithium-rich brines in salar de Uyuni and nearby salars in southwestern Bolivia
George E. Ericksen, James D. Vine, Raul Ballon A.
1978, Energy (3) 355-363
Preliminary investigations at Salar de Uyuni and the nearby salars (salt pans) of Coipasa and Empexa in the southern part of the Bolivian Altiplano show the presence of widespread lithium-rich brines. Widely scattered brine samples from Salar de Uyuni, which...
Origin of major element chemical trends in DSDP Leg 37 basalts, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
G. R. Byerly, T. L. Wright
1978, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (3) 229-279
In this paper we summarize the major element chemical variation for basalts from the Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 37 and relate it to stratigraphic position in each of five drilling sites. Least-squares techniques are successfully used to quantify the nature and extent of alteration in these basalts, and to...
Empirical model of Skeletonema costatum photosynthetic rate, with applications in the San Francisco Bay estuary
James E. Cloern
1978, Advances in Water Resources (1) 267-274
An empirical model of Skeletonema costatum photosynthetic rate is developed and fit to measurements of photosynthesis selected from the literature. Because the model acknowledges existence of: 1) a light-temperature interaction (by allowing optimum irradiance to vary with temperature), 2) light inhibition, 3) temperature inhibition, and 4) a salinity effect, it accurately estimates...
Earthquake history of Wisconsin
C. A. von Hake
1978, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (10) 100-103
Only one earthquake of intensity V on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MM) or greater has occurred within Wisconsin during historic times. Some shocks originating in Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, and Canada have been felt. ...
Geodimeter measurements and the Southern California uplift
W.H. Prescott, J.C. Savage
1978, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (10) 131-135
Modern surveying instruments, such as geodimeters, are capable of measuring distances in the range of 1 to 30 kilometers with remarkable precision. Indeed, the present limitation upon the precision of measurement is not the resolution of the instruments themselves but rather the uncertainty introduced by variations in the velocity of...
Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources
P. Muffler, R. Cataldi
1978, Geothermics (7) 53-89
A consistent, agreed-upon terminology is prerequisite for geothermal resource assessment. Accordingly, we propose a logical, sequential subdivision of the "geothermal resource base", accepting its definition as all the thermal energy in the earth's crust under a given area, measured from mean annual temperature. That part of the resource base which...
Heat flow in the Basin and Range province and thermal effects of tectonic extension
A.H. Lachenbruch
1978, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (117) 34-50
In regions of tectonic extension, vertical convective transport of heat in the lithosphere is inevitable. The resulting departure of lithosphere temperature and thickness from conduction-model estimates depends upon the mechanical mode of extension and upon how rapidly extension is (and has been) taking place. Present knowledge of these processes is...
Silicate liquid immiscibility in magmas and in the system K2O-FeO-AI2O3-SiO2: An example of serendipity
E. Roedder
1978, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (42) 1597-1617
The concept of silicate liquid immiscibility was invoked early in the history of petrology to explain certain pairs of compositionally divergent rocks, but. as a result of papers by Greig (Am. J. Sci.13, 1–44, 133–154) and Bowen (The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks), it fell into disfavor for many years....
