Potential effects of deep-well waste disposal in western New York
Roger Milton Waller, John T. Turk, Robert James Dingman
1978, Professional Paper 1053
Mathematical and laboratory models were used to observe, respectively, the hydraulic and chemical reactions that may take place during proposed injection of a highly acidic, iron-rich waste pickle liquor into a deep waste-disposal well in western New York. Field temperature and pressure conditions were simulated in the tests. Hydraulic pressure...
Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance
Garnett P. Williams
1978, Professional Paper 1029
This study deals with the rates at which mean velocity, mean depth, and water-surface width increase with water discharge at a cross section on an alluvial stream. Such relations often follow power laws, the exponents in which are called hydraulic exponents. The Langbein (1964) minimum-variance theory is examined in regard...
Suspended-sediment transport in the Big Eau Pleine River Basin, central Wisconsin
S. M. Hindall
1978, Open-File Report 78-313
Suspended-sediment yields in the Big Eau Pleine River basin are low to moderate in comparison with other drainage basins in Wisconsin. Average annual yield in the Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford is 32.tons per square mile, with an annual yield ranging from 1.0 to 64 tons per square mile....
Improvements in magnetic observatory construction and operation in permafrost areas
John B. Townshend
1978, Open-File Report 78-213
The operation of the Barrow, Alaska, magnetic observatory (lat. 71.32°N, long. 156.62°W) has been complicated because foundations for the instrument piers must be constructed on permafrost. Better understanding of environmental conditions and the availability of more modern instrumentation since the original construction have led to the design and construction of...
The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California
M.L. Sorey, Robert Edward Lewis, F. H. Olmsted
1978, Professional Paper 1044-A
Long Valley caldera, an elliptical depression covering 450 km 2 on the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada in east-central California, contains a hot-water convection system with numerous hot springs and measured and estimated aquifer temperatures at depths of 180?C to 280?C. In this study we have synthesized the results...
Electron-microprobe study of chromitites associated with alpine ultramafic complexes and some genetic implications
M. L. Bird
1978, Open-File Report 78-119
Electron-microprobe and petrographic studies of alpine chromite deposits from around the world demonstrate that they are bimodal with respect to the chromic oxide content of their chromite. The two modes occur at 54 ? 4 and 37 ? 3 weight per cent chromic oxide corresponding to chromite designated as high-chromium...
A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins
Robert W. Lichty, Fred Liscum
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-7
Maps depicting the influence of a climatic factor, C, on the magnitude of synthetic T-year (annual) floods were prepared for a large portion of the eastern United States. The climatic factors were developed by regression analysis of flood data using a parametric rainfall-runoff model and long-term rainfall records. Map estimates...
Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York
William Buller, Wallace J. Nichols, J. F. Harsh
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-3
A steady increase in the chloride and nitrate content of water in a sand and gravel aquifer of glacial origin in the Cortland, N.Y., area prompted a study to obtain data on the extent and source of these constituents. Chloride concentration in the upper part of the aquifer increased generally...
Ages of flow units in the far eastern lunar maria based on crater density
Joseph M. Boyce
1978, Open-File Report 78-879
The distribution of major geologic units of uniform relative age exposed in the far eastern maria (i.e., Mare Marginis, Mare Smythii, and Mare Crisium) and Mare Humorum was compiled in map form on the basis of a crater density mapping technique. Correlation of crater densities and radiometric ages of Apollo...
Quantitative hydrogeology of the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, southwest Nebraska
Eric G. Lappala
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-38
Ground-water use for irrigation from the Ogallala Formation }'as in-creased rapidly in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District in southwest Nebraska. Water levels declined as much as 16 feet between 1952 and 1975. Discharge of the aquifer to streams was reduced by as much as 19 percent between 1967 and...
Computer modeling of ground-water availability in the Pootatuck River Valley, Newtown, Connecticut
F.P. Haeni, Elinor H. Handman
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-77
A hydrologic analysis of the stratified drift in Newtown, Conn., based on available data, test drilling, seismic refraction profiling, and the stream-aquifer connection was performed using a digital computer model. Simulated pumping indicates that a total of 4.0 million gallons of water per day (Mgal/d) can be withdrawn from the...
A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico
K. C. Watts, J.R. Hassemer, D. F. Siems, J. M. Nishi
1978, Open-File Report 78-801
Geochemical sampling of a tier of eight 7 1/2-minute quadrangles bordered by latitudes 32° 45'and 33° 00' N. and longitudes 108° 00' and 108° 30' W. was begun in the fall of 1974 and continued seasonally until completion in the fall of 1976. These quadrangles are in southwest New Mexico...
Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water
Leonard F. Konikow, J.D. Bredehoeft
1978, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C2
This report presents a model that simulates solute transport in flowing ground water. The model is both general and flexible in that it can be applied to a wide range of problem types. It is applicable to one- or two-dimensional problems involving steady-state or transient flow. The model computes changes...
An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming
H. W. Lowham
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-13
A method for estimating temperatures of streams in the Green River basin, Wyoming, utilizes a regional model for estimating mean daily temperatures of streams at unmeasured sites. The regional model was developed by describing annual temperature patterns at 43 measured sites and by applying the harmonic function T = M...
Flood profiles for Peace River, south-central Florida
W. R. Murphy Jr., K.M. Hammett, C. V. Reeter
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-57
This report presents flood heights and profiles for a 70-mile reach of Peace River from Bartow to Arcadia, Fla. The flood heights were calculated using the U.S. Geological Survey step-backwater model. Profiles were prepared for floods having expected recurrence intervals of 2, 2.33, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and...
Unsteady solute-transport simulation in streamflow using a finite-difference model
Larry F. Land
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-18
This report documents a rather simple, general purpose, one-dimensional, one-parameter, mass-transport model for field use. The model assumes a well-mixed conservative solute that may be coming from an unsteady source and is moving in unsteady streamflow. The quantity of solute being transported is in the units of concentration. Results are...
Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process
R. K. Mark, D. S. Harwood, Richard R. Doell, E. B. Newman
1978, Open-File Report 78-321
Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado
R. H. Dale, John B. Weeks
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-28
The U.S. Bureau of Mines plans to develop an underground oil-shale research facility near the center of Piceance Creek basin in Colorado. The oil-shale zone, which is to be penetrated by a shaft, is overlain by 1,400 feet of sedimentary rocks, primarily sandstone and marlstone, consisting of two aquifers separated...
Technique for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Delaware
R.H. Simmons, D.H. Carpenter
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-93
A flood-estimating method is presented which applies to drainage basins in Delaware without urban development and covers selected recurrence intervals from 2 to 100 years. The method was developed by multiple-regression techniques. The State is divided into two regions and sets of equations for calculating peak discharges based on physical...
Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model
D.R. Dawdy, John C. Schaake Jr., William M. Alley
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-90
A computer program of a watershed model for routing urban flood discharges through a branched system of pipes or natural channels using rainfall as input has been developed and documented. The model combines soil-moisture-accounting and rainfall-excess components developed by Dawdy and others (1972) with the kinematic-wave routing method presented by...
A von Bertalanffy growth model with a seasonally varying coefficient
James E. Cloern, Frederic H. Nichols
1978, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada (35) 1479-1482
The von Bertalanffy model of body growth is inappropriate for organisms whose growth is restricted to a seasonal period because it assumes that growth rate is invariant with time. Incorporation of a time-varying coefficient significantly improves the capability of the von Bertalanffy equation to describe changing body size of both...
Simulation model of Cryptomonas ovata population dynamics in southern Kootenay Lake, British Columbia
James E. Cloern
1978, Ecological Modelling (4)-133
A one-dimensional transient model is developed to simulate observed population dynamics of a small flagellate (Cryptomonas ovata) in southern Kootenay Lake, B.C., during a 1-year period (1 June 1974-31 May 1975). The model considers advective displacement of C. ovata as water flows from its southern entrance into the lake and moves northward...
Digital and photographic processing study for shallow seas mapping from landsat
Brian P. Bauer, Lincoln Perry
1978, Report
The application of contrast stretch and haze removal techniques to Landsat/MSS imagery for shallow seas bathymetry is discussed. The application of these techniques is based upon procedures inherent in the EDIPS system processing. Application of both MSS band 4 and band 5 data are discussed in lx and 3x gain...
Oxygen isotope composition of subglacially precipitated calcite: Possible paleoclimatic implications
B.B. Hanshaw, B. Hallet
1978, Science (200) 1267-1270
Isotopic analyses of subglacially precipitated calcite from near a modern temperate glacier show that the δ18O (= 18O/ 16O relative to standard mean ocean water) of the calcite records the δ18O of the ice from that glacier. It may therefore be possible to determine the δ18O of Pleistocene ice sheets on the...
Wood River mining district, Idaho - intrusion-related lead-silver deposits derived from country rock source
Wayne E. Hall, Robert O. Rye, Bruce R. Doe
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 579-592
Lead-silver deposits in the Wood River mining district occur in shear zones in hornfelsed argillite of the Devonian Milligen Formation near granitic plutons and under the Wood River thrust fault. The principal ore minerals are argentiferous galena and sphalerite; siderite is the principal gangue. The δ34S values of the sulfide...
