The concept of entropy in landscape evolution
Luna Bergere Leopold, Walter Basil Langbein
1962, Professional Paper 500-A
The concept of entropy is expressed in terms of probability of various states. Entropy treats of the distribution of energy. The principle is introduced that the most probable condition exists when energy in a river system is as uniformly distributed as may be permitted by physical constraints. From these general...
Relation between ground water and surface water in Brandywine Creek basin, Pennsylvania
F. H. Olmsted, A. G. Hely
1962, Professional Paper 417-A
The relation between ground water and surface water was studied in Brandywine Creek basin, an area of 287 square miles in the Piedmont physiographic province in southeastern Pennsylvania. Most of the basin is underlain by crystalline rocks that yield only small to moderate supplies of water to wells, but the...
Thermodynamic properties of minerals
Richard A. Robie
1962, Trace Elements Investigations 816
In the ten years since the publication of the national Bureau of Standards comprehensive tables of thermochemical properties, by Rossini and other (1952), a very large body of modern calorimetric and equilibrium data has become available. Because of the complex interrelations among many thermochemical data and the necessity for internal...
Tuscaloosa formation in Tennessee
M.V. Marcher, R. G. Stearns
1962, Geological Society of America Bulletin (73) 1365-1386
Late Cretaceous Tuscaloosa Formation occurs as discontinuous remnants that cap many of the ridges in the Western Highland Rim. Typically the formation consists of well-rounded, poorly sorted chert gravel which is trimodal in size distribution. The gravel fraction (mode 15 to 40+ mm) consists of Devonian and Mississippian chert and a small percentage of...
Observations on the pyrite deposits of the huelva district, Spain, and their relation to volcanism
A.R. Kinkel Jr.
1962, Economic Geology (57) 1071-1080
The felsitic porphyritic rocks that occur with Lower Carboniferous shale or slate in the Huelva district, Spain, were examined at the Rio Tinto, Tharsis, and La Zarza mines. Most of the bodies of porphyry are not intrusive into the shale, but instead consist of rhyolite flows overlain by variable thicknesses...
Trace element distribution in the searchlight, Nevada quartz monzonite stock
J.N. Shrivastava, P.D. Proctor
1962, Economic Geology (57) 1062-1070
Gold, silver, copper, and lead-bearing veins, non-radially zoned, occur just beyond the southern and western margins of the Searchlight, Nevada, quartz monzonite stock. Seven samples of the quartz monzonite and purified individual constituent minerals of the rock, representing apophyses and marginal and interior parts of the intrusive mass, were analyzed petrographically...
The origin of jasperoid in limestone
T.G. Lovering
1962, Economic Geology (57) 861-889
The name jasperoid has been applied to rocks that consist mainly of silica and that have formed by replacement. This paper considers only those jasperoids formed by replacement of limestone. Major problems involved in the origin of such jasperoid include: source of the silica; nature of solutions that dissolve, transport, and precipitate silica; and...
Distribution and composition of sulfide minerals at Balmat, New York
Bruce R. Doe
1962, Geological Society of America Bulletin (73) 833-854
In the Balmat area in northern New York, tabular deposits of sulfide minerals parallel the layering in folded, siliceous magnesian marbles of a metamorphic complex commonly referred to as the Precambrian Granville Series. Sphalerite, pyrite, and, locally, pyrrhotite and galena have replaced the carbonate minerals in parts of the marble units. The contacts...
Glass electrodes sensitive to divalent cations: Ion exchange models for new electrode glasses simplify analyses for calcium and other ions
R.M. Garrels, M. Sato, M.E. Thompson, A.H. Truesdell
1962, Science (135) 1045-1048
[No abstract available]...
Temperature dependence of decay time and intensity of alpha pulses in pure and thallium-activated cesium iodide
F. E. Senftle, P. Martinez, V. P. Alekna
1962, Review of Scientific Instruments (33) 819-822
The intensity and decay time of Po210 alpha particle scintillations produced in pure and thallium‐activated cesium iodide have been measured with a fast electronic system as a function of temperature down to 77°K. Three modes of decay due to alpha excitation have been observed for CsI(Tl), and two for CsI. Other than...
A photoelectric amplifier as a dye detector
Wesley J. Ebel
1962, Technical Report 4
A dye detector, based on a modified photoelectric amplifier, has been planned, built, and tested. It was designed to record automatically the time of arrival of fluorescein dye at predetermined points in a stream system. Laboratory tests and stream trials proved the instrument to be efficient. Small changes in color...
Water and the arid zone of the United States
Luna Bergere Leopold
1962, Conference Paper
In a pluvial period associated with Wisconsin glaciation the closed basin of the Estancia Valley in New Mexico held a lake which, at its maximum extent, was 150 feet deep and had a surface area of 450 square miles. This basin, with a mean elevation of about 6,000 feet, has...
Geology and ground-water resources of Sumner County, Kansas
K.L. Walters
1961, Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin (151)
This report describes the geography, geology, and ground-water resources of Sumner County in south-central Kansas. The hydrologic and geologic data upon which this report is based were obtained in the field during the summers of 1955 and 1956. Records of 300 wells and 2 springs, chemical analyses of 219 water...
Tertiary geology and oil-shale resources of the Piceance Creek basin between the Colorado and White Rivers, northwestern Colorado
John R. Donnell
1961, Bulletin 1082-L
The area of the Piceance Creek basin between the Colorado and White Rivers includes approximately 1,600 square miles and is characterized by an extensive plateau that rises 1,000 to more than 4,000 feet above the surrounding lowlands. Relief is greatest in Naval Oil-Shale Reserves Nos. 1 and 3 near the...
Geology and mineral deposits of the Carlile quadrangle, Crook County, Wyoming
M.H. Bergendahl, R. E. Davis, G. A. Izett
1961, Bulletin 1082-J
The Carlile quadrangle-is along the northwestern flank of the Black Hills uplift in Crook County, Wyo. The area-is primarily one of canyons and divides that are a result of downcutting by the Belle Fourche River and its tributaries through an alternating succession of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone or shale beds....
Botanical Evidence of the Modern History of Nisqually Glacier, Washington
Robert S. Sigafoos, E. L. Hendricks
1961, Professional Paper 387-A
A knowledge of the areas once occupied by mountain glaciers reveals at least part of the past behavior of these glaciers. From this behavior, inferences of past climate can be drawn. The maximum advance of Nisqually Glacier in the last thousand years was located, and retreat from this point is...
Ash-flow tuffs: Their origin, geologic relations, and identification
Clarence S. Ross, Robert L. Smith
1961, Professional Paper 366
Pyroclastic materials, which are interpreted as having been deposited by flowage as a suspension of ash in volcanic gas, are becoming widely recognized as major geologic episodes. These may be unconsolidated, indurated by partial welding, or welded into a compact rock. Many students are working on these materials and the...
Ground Water at Grant Village Site, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
Ellis D. Gordon, Richard A. McCullough, Edwin P. Weeks
1961, Water Supply Paper 1475-F
On behalf of the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey during the summer of 1959 made a study of ground-water conditions in the area of the Grant Village site, along the shore of the West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, 1 to 2 miles south of the present facilities at...
Simplified methods for computing total sediment discharge with the modified Einstein procedure
Bruce R. Colby, David Wellington Hubbell
1961, Water Supply Paper 1593
A procedure was presented in 1950 by H. A. Einstein for computing the total discharge of sediment particles of sizes that are in appreciable quantities in the stream bed. This procedure was modified by the U.S. Geological Survey and adapted to computing the total sediment discharge of a stream on...
Sonic depth sounder for laboratory and field use
E.V. Richardson, Daryl B. Simons, G.J. Posakony
1961, Circular 450
The laboratory investigation of roughness in alluvial channels has led to the development of a special electronic device capable of mapping the streambed configuration under dynamic conditions. This electronic device employs an ultrasonic pulse-echo principle, similar to that of a fathometer, that utilizes microsecond techniques to give high accuracy in...
Geology of uranium in the Chadron area, Nebraska and South Dakota
Robert Jacob Dunham
1961, Open-File Report 61-42
The Chadron area covers 375 square miles about 25 miles southeast of the Black Hills. Recurrent mild tectonic activity and erosion on the Chadron arch, a compound anticlinal uplift of regional extent, exposed 1900 feet of Upper Cretaceous rocks, mostly marine shale containing pyrite and organic matter, and 600 feet...
An aeromagnetic profile from anchorage to Nome, Alaska
E. R. King
1961, Geophysics (26) 716-726
A total-intensity profile was obtained on a 500-mile flight by a U. S. Geological Survey airplane from Anchorage to Nome, Alaska, on May 4, 1954. The average flight altitude was 6,000 ft above sea level except over the Alaska Range where the flight altitude was 9,000 ft. This profile crossed eight of the major...
Origin and development of the Three Forks Basin, Montana
G. D. Robinson
1961, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America (72) 1303-1313
The Three Forks Basin sprawls where the intricately deformed sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Disturbed Belt along the Rocky Mountain front are faulted against the Precambrian metamorphic rocks that make the core of the Tobacco Root, Madison, Gallatin, and Beartooth ranges. Its eastern edge is linear, controlled by steep faults...
Recent chemical analyses of waters from several closed-basin lakes and their tributaries in the western United States
H.C. Whitehead, J. H. Feth
1961, Geological Society of America Bulletin (72) 1421-1425
Some of the classic closed-basin lakes of the western United States have been resampled, and the waters have been analyzed by modern wet-chemical methods. Included are waters from Borax and Little Borax lakes and Mono Lake in California; Big Soda, Pyramid, and Walker Lakes in Nevada; Abert Lake, Oregon; and...
Subaerially carved Arctic seavalley under a modern epicontinental sea
David Scholl, C.L. Sainsbury
1961, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America (72) 1433-1436
A shallow seavalley, averaging 6 feet in relief, extends from the mouth of Ogotoruk Creek, northwest Alaska, for 15 miles across the floor of the Chukchi Sea to a depth of 135 feet. The seavalley is considered to be a drowned subaerial valley of Pleistocene age, which was excavated on an eustatically emerged epicontinental shelf...
