A comparison of genetic ariation between an anadromous steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, population and seven derived populations sequestered in freshwater for 70 years
Frank Thrower, Charles Guthrie III, Jennifer L. Nielsen, John Joyce
2004, Environmental Biology of Fishes (69) 111-125
In 1926 cannery workers from the Wakefield Fisheries Plant at Little Port Walter in Southeast Alaska captured small trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from a portion of Sashin Creek populated with a wild steelhead (anadromous O. mykiss) run. They planted them into Sashin Lake which had been fishless...
Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea
J. C. Franson, Tuula E. Hollmén, Paul L. Flint, J.B. Grand, Richard B. Lanctot
2004, Marine Pollution Bulletin (48) 504-513
In 2000, we collected blood from long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and blood and eggs from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) at near-shore islands in the vicinity of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and at a reference area east of Prudhoe Bay. Blood was analyzed for trace elements and egg contents were analyzed for...
Concentrations of metals and trace elements in blood of spectacled and king eiders in northern Alaska, USA
Heather M. Wilson, Margaret R. Petersen, Declan Troy
2004, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (23) 408-414
In 1996, we measured concentrations of arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium in blood of adult king (Somateria spectabilis) and spectacled (Somateria fischeri) eiders and duckling spectacled eiders from northern Alaska, USA. Concentrations of selenium exceeded background levels in all adults sampled and 9 of 12 ducklings. Mercury was...
Movements of flightless long-tailed ducks during wing molt
Paul L. Flint, Deborah L. Lacroix, John A. Reed, Richard B. Lanctot
2004, Waterbirds (27) 35-40
We examined the movements of flightless Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis) during the wing molt in the near-shore lagoons of the Beaufort Sea in Alaska. Estimates of site fidelity during the 21-day flightless period ranged from 1-100%, with considerable variation among locations and within locations among years. There was no effect...
Density and success of bird nests relative to grazing on western Montana grasslands
Thomas F. Fondell, I.J. Ball
2004, Biological Conservation (117) 203-213
Grassland birds are declining at a faster rate than any other group of North American bird species. Livestock grazing is the primary economic use of grasslands in the western United States, but the effects of this use on distribution and productivity of grassland birds are unclear. We examined nest density...
Glaucous gull predation of goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Timothy D. Bowman, R.A. Stehn, K.T. Scribner
2004, Condor (106) 288-298
Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus) nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta frequently prey on juvenile waterfowl. We collected 434 Glaucous Gulls from late June to early August 1994 to examine diet. Identification of undigested prey tissue, based on DNA microsatellite loci, showed three species of goslings in gull stomachs: Emperor Goose...
Lack of spatial genetic structure among nesting and wintering King Eiders
John M. Pearce, Sandra L. Talbot, Barbara J. Pierson, Margaret R. Petersen, Kim T. Scribner, D. Lynne. Dickson, Anders Mosbech
2004, Condor (106) 229-240
The King Eider (Somateria spectabilis) has been delineated into two broadly distributed breeding populations in North America (the western and eastern Arctic) on the basis of banding data and their use of widely separated Pacific and Atlantic wintering areas. Little is known about the level of gene flow between these...
Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska
D.R. Muhs, J. P. McGeehin, J. Beann, E. Fisher
2004, Quaternary Research (61) 265-276
Although loess-paleosol sequences are among the most important records of Quaternary climate change and past dust deposition cycles, few modern examples of such sedimentation systems have been studied. Stratigraphic studies and 22 new accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages from the Matanuska Valley in southern Alaska show that loess deposition there...
Complex proximal deposition during the Plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Alaska
Bruce F. Houghton, C. J. N. Wilson, J. Fierstein, W. Hildreth
2004, Bulletin of Volcanology (66) 95-133
Proximal (<3 km) deposits from episodes II and III of the 60-h-long Novarupta 1912 eruption exhibit a very complex stratigraphy, the result of at least four transport regimes and diverse depositional mechanisms. They contrast with the relatively simple stratigraphy (and inferred emplacement mechanisms) for the previously documented, better known, medial-distal...
Temporal and geographic variation in survival of juvenile black brant
David H. Ward, Joel A. Schmutz, James S. Sedinger, Karen S. Bollinger, P. D. Martin, B.A. Anderson
2004, Condor (106) 263-274
First-year survival has important implications for the structure and growth of populations. We examined variation in seasonal survival of first-year Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) marked late in summer in Alaska at two brood-rearing areas on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Tutakoke and Kokechik) and one area on the Arctic Coastal...
Carnivore re-colonisation: Reality, possibility and a non-equilibrium century for grizzly bears in the southern Yellowstone ecosystem
Sanjay Pyare, S. Cain, D. Moody, C. Schwartz, J. Berger
2004, Animal Conservation (7) 71-77
Most large native carnivores have experienced range contractions due to conflicts with humans, although neither rates of spatial collapse nor expansion have been well characterised. In North America, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) once ranged from Mexico northward to Alaska, however its range in the continental USA has been reduced...
The influence of diet, consumption and lipid use on recruitment of white bass
W.J. Eckmayer, F.J. Margraf
2004, Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management (9) 133-141
The abundance of white bass (Morone chrysops) in Lake Erie has declined in recent years, sparking interest in mechanisms influencing its recruitment. We evaluate two mechanisms affecting recruitment: diet and the potential for competition, and storage of lipid energy reserves and the relationship to overwinter survival. The fish in our...
Chemical versus temporal controls on the evolution of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas at two volcanoes in the Alaska-Aleutian arc
R. George, S. Turner, C. Hawkesworth, C. R. Bacon, C. Nye, P. Stelling, S. Dreher
2004, Journal of Petrology (45) 203-219
The Alaska-Aleutian island arc is well known for erupting both tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas. To investigate the relative roles of chemical and temporal controls in generating these contrasting liquid lines of descent we have undertaken a detailed study of tholeiitic lavas from Akutan volcano in the oceanic A1eutian arc and...
Use of digital multispectral videography to assess seagrass distribution in San Quintin Bay, Baja California, Mexico
David H. Ward, T. Lee Tibbitts, Alexandra Morton, Eduardo Carrera-Gonzalez, R. Kempka
2004, Ciencias Marinas (30) 47-60
Apparent threats to the spatial distribution of seagrass in San Quintín Bay prompted us to make a detailed assessment of habitats in the bay. Six coastal habitats and three seagrass subclasses were delineated using airborne digital multispectral videography (DMSV). Eelgrass, Zostera marina, was the predominant seagrass and covered 40% (1949...
Ultra-high chlorine in submarine Kı̄lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma
Michelle L. Coombs, Thomas W. Sisson, Jun-Ichi Kimura
2004, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (217) 297-313
Basaltic glass grains from the submarine south flank of Kı̄lauea, Hawai′i, have Cl concentrations of 0.01–1.68 wt%, the latter being the highest Cl content yet recorded for a Hawaiian glass. The high-Cl glass grains are products of brine assimilation by tholeiite magma. The glasses are grains in a sandstone clast...
Estimating Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) abundance: Crab pots and dive transects compared
S. James Taggart, Charles E. O’Clair, Thomas C. Shirley, Jennifer Mondragon
2004, Fishery Bulletin (102) 488-497
Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) were sampled with commercial pots and counted by scuba divers on benthic transects at eight sites near Glacier Bay, Alaska. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) from pots was compared to the density estimates from dives to evaluate the bias and power of the two techniques....
The late cretaceous Donlin Creek gold deposit, Southwestern Alaska: Controls on epizonal ore formation
Richard J. Goldfarb, Robert A. Ayuso, Marti L. Miller, Shane W. Ebert, Erin E. Marsh, Scott A. Petsel, Lance D. Miller, Dwight Bradley, Chad Johnson, William C. McClelland
2004, Economic Geology (99) 643-671
The Donlin Creek gold deposit, southwestern Alaska, has an indicated and inferred resource of approximately 25 million ounces (Moz) Au at a cutoff grade of 1.5 g/t. The ca. 70 Ma deposit is hosted in the Late Cretaceous Kuskokwim flysch basin, which developed in the back part of the arc...
Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes
C. G. Bufe
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1159-1165
Major strike-slip earthquakes recently occurred in Alaska on the central Denali fault (M 7.9) on 3 November 2002, and in Tibet on the central Kunlun fault (M 7.8) on 14 November 2001. Both earthquakes generated large surface waves with Ms [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)] of 8.5 (Denali) and 8.0 (Kunlun)....
U-Pb zircon and geochemical evidence for bimodal mid-Paleozoic magmatism and syngenetic base-metal mineralization in the Yukon-Tanana terrane, Alaska
Cynthia Dusel-Bacon, J. L. Wooden, M.J. Hopkins
2004, Geological Society of America Bulletin (116) 989-1015
New SHRIMP (sensitive, high-resolution ion microprobe) U-Pb zircon ages and trace element geochemical data for mafic and felsic metaigneous rocks of the pericratonic Yukon-Tanana terrane in east-central Alaska help define the tectonic setting of mid-Paleo-zoic magmatism and syngenetic hydrothermal Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization along the ancient Pacific margin of North America. We...
Near-field ground motion of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake recorded at pump station 10
W.L. Ellsworth, M. Çelebi, J.R. Evans, E.G. Jensen, R. Kayen, M.C. Metz, D.J. Nyman, J.W. Roddick, P. Spudich, C.D. Stephens
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 597-615
A free-field recording of the Denali fault earthquake was obtained by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company 3 km from the surface rupture of the Denali fault. The instrument, part of the monitoring and control system for the trans-Alaska pipeline, was located at Pump Station 10, approximately 85 km east of...
Evaluation of three gears for sampling spawning populations of rainbow trout in a large Alaskan river
C.J. Schwanke, W.A. Hubert
2004, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (24) 1078-1082
Alternatives to electrofishing are needed for sampling sexually mature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during the spawning season in large Alaskan rivers. We compared hook and line, beach seining, and actively fished gill nets as sampling tools. Beach seining and active gill netting yielded similar catch rates, length frequencies, and sex...
Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake
R. Kayen, E. Thompson, D. Minasian, R.E.S. Moss, B.D. Collins, N. Sitar, D. Dreger, G. Carver
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 639-667
The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made...
Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity
S. Vergniolle, M. Boichu, J. Caplan-Auerbach
2004, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (137) 109-134
The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both classical Strombolian activity and an explosive Subplinian plume. Strombolian activity at Shishaldin occurred in two major phases following the Subplinian activity. In this paper, we use acoustic measurements to interpret the Strombolian activity. Acoustic measurements of the two Strombolian...
Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model
Q. Zhuang, J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, R.G. Prinn, A. D. McGuire, P.A. Steudler, B.S. Felzer, S. Hu
2004, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (18)
We develop and use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to study how rates of methane (CH4) emissions and consumption in high-latitude soils of the Northern Hemisphere have changed over the past century in response to observed changes in the region's climate. We estimate that the net...
Migration and stopover strategies of individual Dunlin along the Pacific coast of North America
N. Warnock, John Y. Takekawa, M.A. Bishop
2004, Canadian Journal of Zoology (82) 1687-1697
We radio-marked 18 Dunlin, Calidris alpina (L., 1758), at San Francisco Bay, California, and 11 Dunlin at Grays Harbor, Washington, and relocated 90% of them along the 4200 km long coastline from north of San Francisco Bay to the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The Copper River Delta, Alaska, was the single...
