Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes
C. G. Bufe
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1159-1165
Major strike-slip earthquakes recently occurred in Alaska on the central Denali fault (M 7.9) on 3 November 2002, and in Tibet on the central Kunlun fault (M 7.8) on 14 November 2001. Both earthquakes generated large surface waves with Ms [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)] of 8.5 (Denali) and 8.0 (Kunlun)....
Subarctic, alpine nesting by Bairds Sandpipers Calidris bairdii
Robert E. Gill Jr., Pavel S. Tomkovich
2004, Wader Study Group Bulletin (104) 39-50
Baird's Sandpipers Calidris bairdii were found nesting in alpine habitat in southwestern Alaska (60°48'N, 154°00'W), almost 250 km from the nearest known breeding site, and studied over three consecutive seasons, 1997-1999. The first birds arrived during the second week of May each spring with peak numbers recorded the third week...
Spatial variation in shorebird nest success: Implications for inference
Brian J. McCaffery, Daniel R. Ruthrauff
2004, Wader Study Group Bulletin (103) 67-70
Estimates of nest success are widely applied in order to evaluate a multitude of theoretical and practical issues. Frequently, however, researchers fail to limit their inferences to the appropriate spatial scale. We evaluated small-scale variation in nest success of Western Sandpipers Calidris mauri during a four-year study on the Yukon-Kuskokwim...
Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery
Z. Lu, Russ Rykhus, Timothy Masterlark, K.G. Dean
2004, Remote Sensing of Environment (91) 345-353
Field mapping of young lava flows at Aleutian volcanoes is logistically difficult, and the utility of optical images from aircraft or satellites for this purpose is greatly reduced by persistent cloud cover. These factors have hampered earlier estimates of the areas and volumes of three young lava flows at Westdahl...
Ultra-high chlorine in submarine Kı̄lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma
Michelle L. Coombs, Thomas W. Sisson, Jun-Ichi Kimura
2004, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (217) 297-313
Basaltic glass grains from the submarine south flank of Kı̄lauea, Hawai′i, have Cl concentrations of 0.01–1.68 wt%, the latter being the highest Cl content yet recorded for a Hawaiian glass. The high-Cl glass grains are products of brine assimilation by tholeiite magma. The glasses are grains in a sandstone clast...
The role of red alder in riparian forest structure along headwater streams in southeastern Alaska
E.H. Orlikowska, R.L. Deal, P.E. Hennon, M.S. Wipfli
2004, Northwest Science (78) 111-123
We assessed the influence of red alder on tree species composition, stand density, tree size distribution, tree mortality, and potential for producing large conifers, in 38-42 yr old riparian forests along 13 headwater streams in the Maybeso and Harris watersheds on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Red alder ranged from...
Evidence for dike emplacement beneath Iliamna Volcano, Alaska in 1996
D.C. Roman, J.A. Power, S.C. Moran, K. V. Cashman, M.P. Doukas, C.A. Neal, T.M. Gerlach
2004, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (130) 265-284
Two earthquake swarms, comprising 88 and 2833 locatable events, occurred beneath Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, in May and August of 1996. Swarm earthquakes ranged in magnitude from -0.9 to 3.3. Increases in SO2 and CO2 emissions detected during the fall of 1996 were coincident with the second swarm. No other physical...
Variation in the population structure of Yukon River chum and coho salmon: Evaluating the potential impact of localized habitat degradation
Jeffrey B. Olsen, William J. Spearman, George K. Sage, Steven J. Miller, Blair G. Flannery, J.K. Wenburg
2004, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (133) 476-483
We used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA-RFLP) analyses to test the hypothesis that chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and coho salmon O. kisutch in the Yukon River, Alaska, exhibit population structure at differing spatial scales. If the hypothesis is true, then the risk of losing genetic diversity because...
Earthquake nucleation by transient deformations caused by the M = 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake
J. Gomberg, P. Bodin, K. Larson, H. Dragert
2004, Nature (427) 621-624
The permanent and dynamic (transient) stress changes inferred to trigger earthquakes are usually orders of magnitude smaller than the stresses relaxed by the earthquakes themselves, implying that triggering occurs on critically stressed faults. Triggered seismicity rate increases may therefore be most likely to occur in areas where loading rates are...
Use of digital multispectral videography to assess seagrass distribution in San Quintin Bay, Baja California, Mexico
David H. Ward, T. Lee Tibbitts, Alexandra Morton, Eduardo Carrera-Gonzalez, R. Kempka
2004, Ciencias Marinas (30) 47-60
Apparent threats to the spatial distribution of seagrass in San Quintín Bay prompted us to make a detailed assessment of habitats in the bay. Six coastal habitats and three seagrass subclasses were delineated using airborne digital multispectral videography (DMSV). Eelgrass, Zostera marina, was the predominant seagrass and covered 40% (1949...
Trace elements in moose (Alces alces) found dead in Northwestern Minnesota, USA
T. W. Custer, E. Cox, B. Gray
2004, Science of the Total Environment (330) 81-87
The moose (Alces alces) population in bog and forest areas of Northwestern Minnesota has declined for more than 25 years, and more recently the decline is throughout Northwestern Minnesota. Both deficiencies and elevations in trace elements have been linked to the health of moose worldwide. The objective of this study...
Ground motion in Anchorage, Alaska, from the 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Site response and displacement pulses
D.M. Boore
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S72-S84
Data from the 2002 Denali fault earthquake recorded at 26 sites in and near Anchorage, Alaska, show a number of systematic features important in studies of site response and in constructing long-period spectra for use in earthquake engineering. The data demonstrate that National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classes...
Dramatic increase in the relative abundance of large male dungeness crabs Cancer magister following closure of commercial fishing in Glacier Bay, Alaska
S. James Taggart, Thomas C. Shirley, Charles E. O’Clair, Jennifer Mondragon
2004, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2004) 243-253
The size structure of the population of the Dungeness crab Cancer magister was studied at six sites in or near Glacier Bay, Alaska, before and after the closure of commercial fishing. Seven years of preclosure and 4 years of postclosure data are presented. After the closure of Glacier Bay to...
Phytosociological study of the dwarf shrub heath of Simeonof Wilderness, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska
Fred J.A. Daniels, Stephen S. Talbot, Sandra L. Talbot, Wilfred B. Schofield
2004, Phytocoenologia (34) 465-489
The maritime dwarf shrub heath vegetation of the Northern Pacific, Simeonof Island, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska, was studied according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. Based on 30 releve??s of 16 m2 that include vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens, two new associations could be described belonging to the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea (order Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia):...
Triggered deformation and seismic activity under Mammoth Mountain in Long Valley caldera by the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake
M.J.S. Johnston, S. G. Prejean, D.P. Hill
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S360-S369
The 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake triggered deformational offsets and microseismicity under Mammoth Mountain (MM) on the rim of Long Valley caldera, California, some 3460 km from the earthquake. Such strain offsets and microseismicity were not recorded at other borehole strain sites along the San Andreas fault...
Temporal and spatial variation of local stress fields before and after the 1992 eruptions of Crater Peak vent, Mount Spurr volcano, Alaska
D.C. Roman, S.C. Moran, J.A. Power, K. V. Cashman
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 2366-2379
We searched for changes in local stress-field orientation at Mount Spurr volcano, Alaska, between August 1991 and December 2001. This study focuses on the stress-field orientation beneath Crater Peak vent, the site of three eruptions in 1992, and beneath the summit of Mount Spurr. Local stress tensors were calculated by...
Brown bear response to elevated viewing structures at Brooks River, Alaska
T.D. DeBruyn, T. S. Smith, K. Proffitt, S. Partridge, T.D. Drummer
2004, Conference Paper, Wildlife Society Bulletin
The increasing popularity of brown bear (Ursus arctos) viewing at Brooks River in Katmai National Park, Alaska has resulted in overcrowded facilities, increasing bear-human conflicts, displacement of bears from important habitats, and degradation of cultural resources. To partially address these issues, the National Park Service (NPS) constructed a 300-m-long elevated...
Remote sensing of frozen lakes on the North Slope of Alaska
N. French, S. Savage, R. Shuchman, R. Edson, J. Payne, E. Josberger
2004, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
We used synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the ERS-2 remote sensing satellite to map the freeze condition of lakes on Alaska's North Slope, the geographic region to the north of the Brooks Range. An mage from March 1997, to coincide with the period of maximum freeze depth, was used...
Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves
G. L. Choy, J. Boatwright
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S269-S277
Displacement, velocity, and velocity-squared records of P and SH body waves recorded at teleseismic distances are analyzed to determine the rupture characteristics of the Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 (MW 7.9, Me 8.1). Three episodes of rupture can be identified from broadband (∼0.1–5.0 Hz) waveforms. The Denali fault earthquake started...
Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska
D. D. Oglesby, Douglas S. Dreger, R.A. Harris, N. Ratchkovski, R. Hansen
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S214-S233
We perform inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the M 7.9 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake to shed light on the rupture process and dynamics of this event, which took place on a geometrically complex fault system in central Alaska. We use a combination of local seismic and Global...
The influence of hook type, angler experience, and fish size on injury rates and the duration of capture in an Alaskan catch-and-release rainbow trout fishery
Julie M. Meka
2004, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (24) 1309-1321
Owing to concerns about the high incidence of past hooking injuries in Alagnak River rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, fish were captured with spin- and fly-fishing gear with barbed and barbless circle and "J" hooks to determine gear types contributing to injury. Landing and hook removal times were measured for a...
Redistribution and growth of the Caspian Tern population in the Pacific Coast region of North America, 1981-2000
R.M. Suryan, D. P. Craig, D.D. Roby, N.D. Chelgren, K. Collis, W.D. Shuford, Donald E. Lyons
2004, Condor (106) 777-790
We examined nesting distribution and demography of the Pacific Coast population of Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) using breeding records and band recoveries spanning two decades since the first population assessment. Since 1980, population size has more than doubled to about 12 900 pairs, yet the proportion of the population nesting...
Paleomagnetism of the Red Dog Zn-Pb massive sulfide deposit in northern Alaska
Michael T. Lewchuk, D. L. Leach, K.D. Kelley, David T. A. Symons
2004, Economic Geology (99) 1555-1567
Paleomagnetic methods have isolated two ancient magnetizations in and around the Paleozoic shale-hosted Red Dog ore deposit in northern Alaska. A high-latitude, westerly magnetization carried by magnetite, termed characteristic remanent magnetization A, was found in rocks that have barite and/or substantial quartz replacement of barite. An intermediate- to low-latitude, southerly...
Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model
Q. Zhuang, J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, R.G. Prinn, A. D. McGuire, P.A. Steudler, B.S. Felzer, S. Hu
2004, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (18)
We develop and use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to study how rates of methane (CH4) emissions and consumption in high-latitude soils of the Northern Hemisphere have changed over the past century in response to observed changes in the region's climate. We estimate that the net...
Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity
S. Vergniolle, M. Boichu, J. Caplan-Auerbach
2004, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (137) 109-134
The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both classical Strombolian activity and an explosive Subplinian plume. Strombolian activity at Shishaldin occurred in two major phases following the Subplinian activity. In this paper, we use acoustic measurements to interpret the Strombolian activity. Acoustic measurements of the two Strombolian...
