A comparison of three methods for assessing raptor diet during the breeding season
S.B. Lewis, Mark R. Fuller, K. Titus
2004, Wildlife Society Bulletin (32) 373-385
Video recording of prey deliveries to nests is a new technique for collecting data on raptor diet, but no thorough comparison of results from traditional methods based on collections of prey remains and pellets has been undertaken. We compared data from these 3 methods to determine relative merits of different...
Identifying marine bird distribution and evaluating visitor impacts
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Marc D. Romano, John F. Piatt
2004, Report, Annual Report (PMIS 35598) to National Park Service
Field guide to identifying Kittlitz's Murrelet forage fish
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt
2004, Report
Phase II Report, Vital Signs Monitoring Plan, Southwest Alaska Network
A.J. Bennett, K.L. Oakley, D.C. Mortenson
2004, Report
A quantitative approach to identifying predators from nest remains
R. Michael Anthony, J.B. Grand, T.F. Fondell, B.F. Manly
2004, Journal of Field Ornithology (75) 40-48
Nesting success of Dusky Canada Geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis) has declined greatly since a major earthquake affected southern Alaska in 1964. To identify nest predators, we collected predation data at goose nests and photographs of predators at natural nests containing artificial eggs in 1997-2000. To document feeding behavior by nest...
Remote sensing of vegetation and land-cover change in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems
Douglas A. Stow, Allen Hope, David McGuire, David Verbyla, John A. Gamon, Fred Huemmrich, Stan Houston, Charles H. Racine, Matthew Sturm, Ken D. Tape, Larry D. Hinzman, Kenji Yoshikawa, Craig E. Tweedie, Brian Noyle, Cherie Silapaswan, David C. Douglas, Brad Griffith, Gensuo Jia, Howard E. Epstein, Donald A. Walker, Scott Daeschner, Aaron Petersen, Liming Zhou, Ranga B. Myneni
2004, Remote Sensing of Environment (89) 281-308
The objective of this paper is to review research conducted over the past decade on the application of multi-temporal remote sensing for monitoring changes of Arctic tundra lands. Emphasis is placed on results from the National Science Foundation Land–Air–Ice Interactions (LAII) program and on optical remote sensing techniques. Case...
Evidence for dike emplacement beneath Iliamna Volcano, Alaska in 1996
D.C. Roman, J.A. Power, S.C. Moran, K. V. Cashman, M.P. Doukas, C.A. Neal, T.M. Gerlach
2004, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (130) 265-284
Two earthquake swarms, comprising 88 and 2833 locatable events, occurred beneath Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, in May and August of 1996. Swarm earthquakes ranged in magnitude from -0.9 to 3.3. Increases in SO2 and CO2 emissions detected during the fall of 1996 were coincident with the second swarm. No other physical...
Variation in the population structure of Yukon River chum and coho salmon: Evaluating the potential impact of localized habitat degradation
Jeffrey B. Olsen, William J. Spearman, George K. Sage, Steven J. Miller, Blair G. Flannery, J.K. Wenburg
2004, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (133) 476-483
We used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA-RFLP) analyses to test the hypothesis that chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and coho salmon O. kisutch in the Yukon River, Alaska, exhibit population structure at differing spatial scales. If the hypothesis is true, then the risk of losing genetic diversity because...
Earthquake nucleation by transient deformations caused by the M = 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake
J. Gomberg, P. Bodin, K. Larson, H. Dragert
2004, Nature (427) 621-624
The permanent and dynamic (transient) stress changes inferred to trigger earthquakes are usually orders of magnitude smaller than the stresses relaxed by the earthquakes themselves, implying that triggering occurs on critically stressed faults. Triggered seismicity rate increases may therefore be most likely to occur in areas where loading rates are...
Rear-arc vs. arc-front volcanoes in the Katmai reach of the Alaska Peninsula: A critical appraisal of across-arc compositional variation
W. Hildreth, J. Fierstein, D. F. Siems, J. R. Budahn, J. Ruiz
2004, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (147) 243-275
Physical and compositional data and K-Ar ages are reported for 14 rear-arc volcanoes that lic 11-22 km behind the narrowly linear volcanic front defined by the Mount Katmai-to-Devils Desk chain on the Alaska Peninsula. One is a 30-km3 stratocone (Mount Griggs; 51-63% SiO2) active intermittently from 292 ka to Holocene....
Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing
Michelle L. Coombs, James E. Gardner
2004, American Mineralogist (89) 748-759
Finely crystalline amphibole or pyroxene rims that form during reaction between silicic host melt and cognate olivine xenocrysts, newly introduced during magma mixing events, can provide information about the timing between mixing and volcanic eruptions. We investigated rim growth experimentally by placing forsteritic olivine in rhyolitic and rhyodacitic melts for...
Determinants of reproductive costs in the long-lived Black-legged Kittiwake: A multiyear experiment
Gregory H. Golet, Joel A. Schmutz, David B. Irons, James A. Estes
2004, Ecological Monographs (74) 353-372
We studied reproductive costs of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in Prince William Sound, Alaska (USA) by removing entire clutches from randomly selected nests over four successive years, and then contrasting survival and fecundity of adults from manipulated and unmanipulated nests in each subsequent year. To elucidate mechanisms that lead...
Lack of spatial genetic structure among nesting and wintering King Eiders
John M. Pearce, Sandra L. Talbot, Barbara J. Pierson, Margaret R. Petersen, Kim T. Scribner, D. Lynne. Dickson, Anders Mosbech
2004, Condor (106) 229-240
The King Eider (Somateria spectabilis) has been delineated into two broadly distributed breeding populations in North America (the western and eastern Arctic) on the basis of banding data and their use of widely separated Pacific and Atlantic wintering areas. Little is known about the level of gene flow between these...
Complex proximal deposition during the Plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Alaska
Bruce F. Houghton, C. J. N. Wilson, J. Fierstein, W. Hildreth
2004, Bulletin of Volcanology (66) 95-133
Proximal (<3 km) deposits from episodes II and III of the 60-h-long Novarupta 1912 eruption exhibit a very complex stratigraphy, the result of at least four transport regimes and diverse depositional mechanisms. They contrast with the relatively simple stratigraphy (and inferred emplacement mechanisms) for the previously documented, better known, medial-distal...
Temporal and geographic variation in survival of juvenile black brant
David H. Ward, Joel A. Schmutz, James S. Sedinger, Karen S. Bollinger, P. D. Martin, B.A. Anderson
2004, Condor (106) 263-274
First-year survival has important implications for the structure and growth of populations. We examined variation in seasonal survival of first-year Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) marked late in summer in Alaska at two brood-rearing areas on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Tutakoke and Kokechik) and one area on the Arctic Coastal...
Carnivore re-colonisation: Reality, possibility and a non-equilibrium century for grizzly bears in the southern Yellowstone ecosystem
Sanjay Pyare, S. Cain, D. Moody, C. Schwartz, J. Berger
2004, Animal Conservation (7) 71-77
Most large native carnivores have experienced range contractions due to conflicts with humans, although neither rates of spatial collapse nor expansion have been well characterised. In North America, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) once ranged from Mexico northward to Alaska, however its range in the continental USA has been reduced...
Use of digital multispectral videography to assess seagrass distribution in San Quintin Bay, Baja California, Mexico
David H. Ward, T. Lee Tibbitts, Alexandra Morton, Eduardo Carrera-Gonzalez, R. Kempka
2004, Ciencias Marinas (30) 47-60
Apparent threats to the spatial distribution of seagrass in San Quintín Bay prompted us to make a detailed assessment of habitats in the bay. Six coastal habitats and three seagrass subclasses were delineated using airborne digital multispectral videography (DMSV). Eelgrass, Zostera marina, was the predominant seagrass and covered 40% (1949...
Founding events influence genetic population structure of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Clark, Alaska
K.M. Ramstad, C.A. Woody, G. Kevin Sage, F.W. Allendorf
2004, Molecular Ecology (13) 277-290
Bottlenecks can have lasting effects on genetic population structure that obscure patterns of contemporary gene flow and drift. Sockeye salmon are vulnerable to bottleneck effects because they are a highly structured species with excellent colonizing abilities and often occupy geologically young habitats. We describe genetic divergence among and genetic variation...
Ichthyophoniasis: An emerging disease of Chinook salmon in the Yukon River
R. Kocan, P. Hershberger, J. Winton
2004, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (16) 58-72
Before 1985, Ichthyophonus was unreported among Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. from the Yukon River; now it infects more than 40% of returning adult Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha. Overall infection prevalence reached about 45% in the Yukon River and about 30% in the Tanana River between 1999 and 2003. Mean infection...
Interactions of brown bears, Ursus arctos, and gray wolves, Canis lupus, at Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska
Tom S. Smith, Steven T. Partridge, John W. Schoen
2004, Canadian Field-Naturalist (118) 247-250
We describe several encounters between Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) and Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) that were observed at Katmai National Park and Preserve in southwest Alaska. Katmai Brown Bears and Gray Wolves were observed interacting in a variety of behavioral modes that ranged from agonistic to tolerant. These observations provide...
A teleseismic study of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong-motion estimation
C. Ji, D.V. Helmberger, D.J. Wald
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 617-637
Slip histories for the 2002 M7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake are derived rapidly from global teleseismic waveform data. In phases, three models improve matching waveform data and recovery of rupture details. In the first model (Phase I), analogous to an automated solution, a simple fault plane is fixed based on...
Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake
R. Kayen, E. Thompson, D. Minasian, R.E.S. Moss, B.D. Collins, N. Sitar, D. Dreger, G. Carver
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 639-667
The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made...
Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 2. Precursor to the Subplinian phase
S. Vergniolle, J. Caplan-Auerbach
2004, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (137) 135-151
The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both Strombolian and Subplinian basaltic activity. The Subplinian phase was preceded by a signal of low amplitude and constant frequency (??? 2 Hz) lasting 13 h. This "humming signal" is interpreted as the coalescence of the very shallow part of a...
Paleomagnetism of the Red Dog Zn-Pb massive sulfide deposit in northern Alaska
Michael T. Lewchuk, D. L. Leach, K.D. Kelley, David T. A. Symons
2004, Economic Geology (99) 1555-1567
Paleomagnetic methods have isolated two ancient magnetizations in and around the Paleozoic shale-hosted Red Dog ore deposit in northern Alaska. A high-latitude, westerly magnetization carried by magnetite, termed characteristic remanent magnetization A, was found in rocks that have barite and/or substantial quartz replacement of barite. An intermediate- to low-latitude, southerly...
Redistribution and growth of the Caspian Tern population in the Pacific Coast region of North America, 1981-2000
R.M. Suryan, D. P. Craig, D.D. Roby, N.D. Chelgren, K. Collis, W.D. Shuford, Donald E. Lyons
2004, Condor (106) 777-790
We examined nesting distribution and demography of the Pacific Coast population of Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) using breeding records and band recoveries spanning two decades since the first population assessment. Since 1980, population size has more than doubled to about 12 900 pairs, yet the proportion of the population nesting...
