A comparison of genetic ariation between an anadromous steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, population and seven derived populations sequestered in freshwater for 70 years
Frank Thrower, Charles Guthrie III, Jennifer L. Nielsen, John Joyce
2004, Environmental Biology of Fishes (69) 111-125
In 1926 cannery workers from the Wakefield Fisheries Plant at Little Port Walter in Southeast Alaska captured small trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from a portion of Sashin Creek populated with a wild steelhead (anadromous O. mykiss) run. They planted them into Sashin Lake which had been fishless...
Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0-180°W)
D. S. Kaufman, T. A. Ager, N.J. Anderson, P. M. Anderson, John T. Andrews, P. J. Bartlein, L.B. Brubaker, Larry L. Coats, L.C. Cwynar, M.L. Duvall, A. S. Dyke, M. E. Edwards, Wendy R. Eisner, K. Gajewski, A. Geirsdottir, F.-S. Hu, A. E. Jennings, M.R. Kaplan, M.W. Kerwin, A.V. Lozhkin, G. M. MacDonald, G. H. Miller, Cary J. Mock, W.W. Oswald, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, David F. Porinchu, K. Ruhland, J. P. Smol, E.J. Steig, B.B. Wolfe
2004, Quaternary Science Reviews (23) 529-560
The spatio-temporal pattern of peak Holocene warmth (Holocene thermal maximum, HTM) is traced over 140 sites across the Western Hemisphere of the Arctic (0-180??W; north of ???60??N). Paleoclimate inferences based on a wide variety of proxy indicators provide clear evidence for warmer-than-present conditions at 120 of these sites. At the...
Lack of spatial genetic structure among nesting and wintering King Eiders
John M. Pearce, Sandra L. Talbot, Barbara J. Pierson, Margaret R. Petersen, Kim T. Scribner, D. Lynne. Dickson, Anders Mosbech
2004, Condor (106) 229-240
The King Eider (Somateria spectabilis) has been delineated into two broadly distributed breeding populations in North America (the western and eastern Arctic) on the basis of banding data and their use of widely separated Pacific and Atlantic wintering areas. Little is known about the level of gene flow between these...
Surface rupture on the Denali fault interpreted from tree damage during the 1912 Delta River Mw 7.2–7.4 earthquake: Implications for the 2002 Denali fault earthquake slip distribution
G. Carver, George Plafker, M. Metz, L. Cluff, B. Slemmons, E. Johnson, J. Roddick, S. Sorensen
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S58-S71
During the 3 November 2002 Denali fault earthquake, surface rupture propagated through a small, old-growth forest in the Delta River valley and damaged many trees growing on the fault. Damage was principally the result of fault offset of tree roots and tilting of trees. Some trees were split by surface...
Depositional settings, correlation, and age carboniferous rocks in the western Brooks Range, Alaska
Julie A. Dumoulin, Anita G. Harris, Charles D. Blome, Lorne E. Young
2004, Economic Geology (99) 1355-1384
The Kuna Formation (Lisburne Group) in northwest Alaska hosts the Red Dog and other Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulfide deposits in the Red Dog district. New studies of the sedimentology and paleontology of the Lisburne Group constrain the setting, age, and thermal history of these deposits. In the western and west-central Brooks...
Small boats disturb fish-holding marbled murrelets
Suzann G. Speckman, John F. Piatt, Alan M. Springer
2004, Northwestern Naturalist (85) 32-34
Disturbance of seabirds by people at nesting colonies can reduce reproductive success and alter population demographics (Vermeer and Rankin 1984). In response to disturbance, adult seabirds may increase the incidence of alarm postures and alarm calling (Burger and Gochfeld 1993), increase heart and breathing rates (Culik and others 1990; Wilson...
Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing
Michelle L. Coombs, James E. Gardner
2004, American Mineralogist (89) 748-759
Finely crystalline amphibole or pyroxene rims that form during reaction between silicic host melt and cognate olivine xenocrysts, newly introduced during magma mixing events, can provide information about the timing between mixing and volcanic eruptions. We investigated rim growth experimentally by placing forsteritic olivine in rhyolitic and rhyodacitic melts for...
Colonization, population growth, and nesting success of Black Oystercatchers following a seismic uplift
V.A. Gill, Scott A. Hatch, Richard B. Lanctot
2004, Condor (106) 791-800
We present data on the colonization of Middleton Island, Alaska, by Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) following the creation of an extensive rocky intertidal zone after the Alaskan earthquake of 1964. The first pair of oystercatchers was detected in 1976, and it was another 5 years before the population increased to...
The Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag and barite deposit, northern Alaska: Evidence for replacement of carbonate by barite and sulfides
K.D. Kelley, Julie A. Dumoulin, S. Jennings
2004, Economic Geology (99) 1577-1591
The Anarraaq deposit in northern Alaska consists of a barite body, estimated to be as much as 1 billion metric tons, and a Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulfide zone with an estimated resource of about 18 Mt at 18 percent Zn, 5.4 percent Pb, and 85 g/t Ag. The barite and sulfide...
Early environment and recruitment of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) into the breeding population
James S. Sedinger, Mark P. Herzog, David H. Ward
2004, The Auk (121) 68-73
In geese, growth regulates survival in the first year. We examined whether early growth, which is primarily governed by environmental conditions, also affects the probability that individuals that survive their first year enter the breeding population. We used logistic regression on a sample of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) that...
Seismic velocity models for the Denali fault zone along the Richardson Highway, Alaska
T.M. Brocher, G. S. Fuis, W. J. Lutter, N.I. Christensen, N. A. Ratchkovski
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S85-S106
Crustal-scale seismic-velocity models across the Denali fault zone along the Richardson Highway show a 50-km-thick crust, a near vertical fault trace, and a 5-km-wide damage zone associated with the fault near Trans-Alaska Pipeline Pump Station 10, which provided the closest strong ground motion recordings of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake....
Response of a 14-story Anchorage, Alaska, building in 2002 to two close earthquakes and two distant Denali fault earthquakes
M. Çelebi
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 693-706
The recorded responses of an Anchorage, Alaska, building during four significant earthquakes that occurred in 2002 are studied. Two earthquakes, including the 3 November 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, with epicenters approximately 275 km from the building, generated long trains of long-period (>1 s) surface waves. The other two smaller...
Movements of flightless long-tailed ducks during wing molt
Paul L. Flint, Deborah L. Lacroix, John A. Reed, Richard B. Lanctot
2004, Waterbirds (27) 35-40
We examined the movements of flightless Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis) during the wing molt in the near-shore lagoons of the Beaufort Sea in Alaska. Estimates of site fidelity during the 21-day flightless period ranged from 1-100%, with considerable variation among locations and within locations among years. There was no effect...
Duration of the Arctic sea ice melt season: Regional and interannual variability, 1979-2001
G. I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas, Nikita G. Platonov
2004, Journal of Climate (17) 67-80
Melt onset dates, freeze onset dates, and melt season duration were estimated over Arctic sea ice, 1979–2001, using passive microwave satellite imagery and surface air temperature data. Sea ice melt duration for the entire Northern Hemisphere varied from a 104-day minimum in 1983 and 1996 to a 124-day maximum in...
Migration and stopover strategies of individual Dunlin along the Pacific coast of North America
N. Warnock, John Y. Takekawa, M.A. Bishop
2004, Canadian Journal of Zoology (82) 1687-1697
We radio-marked 18 Dunlin, Calidris alpina (L., 1758), at San Francisco Bay, California, and 11 Dunlin at Grays Harbor, Washington, and relocated 90% of them along the 4200 km long coastline from north of San Francisco Bay to the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The Copper River Delta, Alaska, was the single...
Re-Os sulfide geochronology of the Red Dog sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Brooks Range, Alaska
R.M. Morelli, R.A. Creaser, D. Selby, K.D. Kelley, D. L. Leach, A.R. King
2004, Economic Geology (99) 1569-1576
The Red Dog sediment-hosted deposit in the De Long Mountains of northern Alaska is the largest Zn producer in the world. Main stage mineralization is characterized by massive sulfide ore and crosscutting subvertical veins. Although the vein mineralization is clearly younger than the massive ore, the exact temporal relationship between...
Evaluation of three gears for sampling spawning populations of rainbow trout in a large Alaskan river
C.J. Schwanke, W.A. Hubert
2004, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (24) 1078-1082
Alternatives to electrofishing are needed for sampling sexually mature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during the spawning season in large Alaskan rivers. We compared hook and line, beach seining, and actively fished gill nets as sampling tools. Beach seining and active gill netting yielded similar catch rates, length frequencies, and sex...
Deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska, mapped by InSAR
Oh-Ig Kwoun, Z. Lu
2004, Conference Paper, 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium proceedings
The deformation of Aniakchak volcano is investigated using 19 ERS-1 / 2 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from 1992 through 2002. InSAR images from the different time intervals reveal that the10-km-wide caldera has been subsiding during the time of investigation. The pattern of subsidence does not following the pyroclastic...
Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001
G. I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas, I.V. Alpatsky, Nikita G. Platonov
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research (109)
Arctic multiyear sea ice concentration maps for January 1988-2001 were generated from SSM/I brightness temperatures (19H, 19V, and 37V) using modified multiple layer perceptron neural networks. Learning data for the neural networks were extracted from ice maps derived from Okean and ERS satellite imagery to capitalize on the stability of...
Response of predators to Western Sandpiper nest exclosures
Amanda C. Niehaus, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Brian J. McCaffery
2004, Waterbirds (27) 79-82
In 2001, predator exclosures were used to protect nests of the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) in western Alaska. During the exclosure experiment, nest contents in exclosures had significantly higher daily survival rates than control nests, however, late in the study predators began to cue in on exclosures and predate the...
Rear-arc vs. arc-front volcanoes in the Katmai reach of the Alaska Peninsula: A critical appraisal of across-arc compositional variation
W. Hildreth, J. Fierstein, D. F. Siems, J. R. Budahn, J. Ruiz
2004, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (147) 243-275
Physical and compositional data and K-Ar ages are reported for 14 rear-arc volcanoes that lic 11-22 km behind the narrowly linear volcanic front defined by the Mount Katmai-to-Devils Desk chain on the Alaska Peninsula. One is a 30-km3 stratocone (Mount Griggs; 51-63% SiO2) active intermittently from 292 ka to Holocene....
Winter philopatry of harlequin ducks in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Samuel A. Iverson, Daniel Esler, Daniel Rizzolo
2004, The Condor (106) 711-715
We used capture-mark-recapture data to assess winter philopatry by Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in Prince William Sound, Alaska, during winters 1995–1997 and 2000–2001. Philopatry was quantified using homing rates, which were estimated as the proportion of birds recaptured at their original site out of all recaptured birds. Between-year homing rates...
Spatiotemporal predictability of schooling and nonschooling prey of Pigeon Guillemots
Michael A. Litzow, John F. Piatt, Alisa A. Abookire, Suzann G. Speckman, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Jared D. Figurski
2004, The Condor (106) 410-415
Low spatiotemporal variability in the abundance of nonschooling prey might allow Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba) to maintain the high chick provisioning rates that are characteristic of the species. We tested predictions of this hypothesis with data collected with beach seines and scuba and hydroacoustic surveys in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during...
Sustaining salmonid populations: A caring understanding of naturalness of taxa
Jennifer L. Nielsen, Henry A. Regier
E. Eric Knudsen, editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Sustainable management of North American fisheries: American Fisheries Society Symposium 43
Species of the family of Salmonidae occur naturally in Northern Hemisphere waters that remain clear and cool to cold in summer. For purposes of reproduction, salmonids generally behaviorally respond to the currents of streams and lakes in recently glaciated areas. For feeding and maturation, many larger species migrate into existing...
Textural, compositional, and sulfur isotope variations of sulfide minerals in the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Implications for Ore Formation
K.D. Kelley, D. L. Leach, C. A. Johnson, J.L. Clark, M. Fayek, J. F. Slack, V.M. Anderson, R. A. Ayuso, W.I. Ridley
2004, Economic Geology (99) 1509-1532
The Red Dog Zn-Pb deposits are hosted in organic-rich mudstone and shale of the Mississippian Kuna Formation. A complex mineralization history is defined by four sphalerite types or stages: (1) early brown sphalerite, (2) yellow-brown sphalerite, (3) red-brown sphalerite, and (4) late tan sphalerite. Stages 2 and 3 constitute the...
