Colonization, population growth, and nesting success of Black Oystercatchers following a seismic uplift
V.A. Gill, Scott A. Hatch, Richard B. Lanctot
2004, Condor (106) 791-800
We present data on the colonization of Middleton Island, Alaska, by Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) following the creation of an extensive rocky intertidal zone after the Alaskan earthquake of 1964. The first pair of oystercatchers was detected in 1976, and it was another 5 years before the population increased to...
The Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag and barite deposit, northern Alaska: Evidence for replacement of carbonate by barite and sulfides
K.D. Kelley, Julie A. Dumoulin, S. Jennings
2004, Economic Geology (99) 1577-1591
The Anarraaq deposit in northern Alaska consists of a barite body, estimated to be as much as 1 billion metric tons, and a Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulfide zone with an estimated resource of about 18 Mt at 18 percent Zn, 5.4 percent Pb, and 85 g/t Ag. The barite and sulfide...
Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves
G. L. Choy, J. Boatwright
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S269-S277
Displacement, velocity, and velocity-squared records of P and SH body waves recorded at teleseismic distances are analyzed to determine the rupture characteristics of the Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 (MW 7.9, Me 8.1). Three episodes of rupture can be identified from broadband (∼0.1–5.0 Hz) waveforms. The Denali fault earthquake started...
Geophysical data reveal the crustal structure of the Alaska Range orogen within the aftershock zone of the Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake
M. A. Fisher, N. A. Ratchkovski, W. J. Nokleberg, L. Pellerin, J.M.G. Glen
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S107-S131
Geophysical information, including deep-crustal seismic reflection, magnetotelluric (MT), gravity, and magnetic data, cross the aftershock zone of the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake. These data and aftershock seismicity, jointly interpreted, reveal the crustal structure of the right-lateral-slip Denali fault and the eastern Alaska Range orogen, as well...
Comparison of geodetic and glaciological mass-balance techniques, Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A
L.H. Cox, R.S. March
2004, Journal of Glaciology (50) 363-370
The net mass balance on Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., has been measured since 1966 by the glaciological method, in which seasonal balances are measured at three index sites and extrapolated over large areas of the glacier. Systematic errors can accumulate linearly with time in this method. Therefore, the geodetic balance,...
Earthquake triggering at Alaskan volcanoes following the 3 November 2002 Denali fault earthquake
S.C. Moran, J.A. Power, S.D. Stihler, J.J. Sanchez, J. Caplan-Auerbach
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S300-S309
The 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake provided an excellent opportunity to investigate triggered earthquakes at Alaskan volcanoes. The Alaska Volcano Observatory operates short-period seismic networks on 24 historically active volcanoes in Alaska, 247-2159 km distant from the mainshock epicenter. We searched for evidence of triggered seismicity by...
The Susitna Glacier thrust fault: Characteristics of surface ruptures on the fault that initiated the 2002 Denali fault earthquake
A. J. Crone, S. F. Personius, P. A. Craw, Peter J. Haeussler, L. A. Staft
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S5-S22
The 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake sequence initiated on the newly discovered Susitna Glacier thrust fault and caused 48 km of surface rupture. Rupture of the Susitna Glacier fault generated scarps on ice of the Susitna and West Fork glaciers and on tundra and surficial deposits along the southern...
Triggered deformation and seismic activity under Mammoth Mountain in Long Valley caldera by the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake
M.J.S. Johnston, S. G. Prejean, D.P. Hill
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S360-S369
The 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake triggered deformational offsets and microseismicity under Mammoth Mountain (MM) on the rim of Long Valley caldera, California, some 3460 km from the earthquake. Such strain offsets and microseismicity were not recorded at other borehole strain sites along the San Andreas fault...
Phytosociological study of the dwarf shrub heath of Simeonof Wilderness, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska
Fred J.A. Daniels, Stephen S. Talbot, Sandra L. Talbot, Wilfred B. Schofield
2004, Phytocoenologia (34) 465-489
The maritime dwarf shrub heath vegetation of the Northern Pacific, Simeonof Island, Shumagin Islands, Southwestern Alaska, was studied according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. Based on 30 releve??s of 16 m2 that include vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens, two new associations could be described belonging to the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea (order Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia):...
Dramatic increase in the relative abundance of large male dungeness crabs Cancer magister following closure of commercial fishing in Glacier Bay, Alaska
S. James Taggart, Thomas C. Shirley, Charles E. O’Clair, Jennifer Mondragon
2004, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2004) 243-253
The size structure of the population of the Dungeness crab Cancer magister was studied at six sites in or near Glacier Bay, Alaska, before and after the closure of commercial fishing. Seven years of preclosure and 4 years of postclosure data are presented. After the closure of Glacier Bay to...
Ground motion in Anchorage, Alaska, from the 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Site response and displacement pulses
D.M. Boore
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S72-S84
Data from the 2002 Denali fault earthquake recorded at 26 sites in and near Anchorage, Alaska, show a number of systematic features important in studies of site response and in constructing long-period spectra for use in earthquake engineering. The data demonstrate that National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classes...
Tectonic processes during oblique collision: Insights from the St. Elias orogen, northern North American Cordillera
T.L. Pavlis, C. Picornell, L. Serpa, R.L. Bruhn, George Plafker
2004, Tectonics (23)
Oblique convergence in the St. Elias orogen of southern Alaska and northwestern Canada has constructed the world's highest coastal mountain range and is the principal driver constructing all of the high topography in northern North America. The orogen originated when the Yakutat terrane was excised from the Cordilleran margin and...
Surface rupture on the Denali fault interpreted from tree damage during the 1912 Delta River Mw 7.2–7.4 earthquake: Implications for the 2002 Denali fault earthquake slip distribution
G. Carver, George Plafker, M. Metz, L. Cluff, B. Slemmons, E. Johnson, J. Roddick, S. Sorensen
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S58-S71
During the 3 November 2002 Denali fault earthquake, surface rupture propagated through a small, old-growth forest in the Delta River valley and damaged many trees growing on the fault. Damage was principally the result of fault offset of tree roots and tilting of trees. Some trees were split by surface...
Winter philopatry of harlequin ducks in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Samuel A. Iverson, Daniel Esler, Daniel Rizzolo
2004, The Condor (106) 711-715
We used capture-mark-recapture data to assess winter philopatry by Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in Prince William Sound, Alaska, during winters 1995–1997 and 2000–2001. Philopatry was quantified using homing rates, which were estimated as the proportion of birds recaptured at their original site out of all recaptured birds. Between-year homing rates...
Spatiotemporal predictability of schooling and nonschooling prey of Pigeon Guillemots
Michael A. Litzow, John F. Piatt, Alisa A. Abookire, Suzann G. Speckman, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Jared D. Figurski
2004, The Condor (106) 410-415
Low spatiotemporal variability in the abundance of nonschooling prey might allow Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba) to maintain the high chick provisioning rates that are characteristic of the species. We tested predictions of this hypothesis with data collected with beach seines and scuba and hydroacoustic surveys in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during...
A comparison of three methods for assessing raptor diet during the breeding season
S.B. Lewis, Mark R. Fuller, K. Titus
2004, Wildlife Society Bulletin (32) 373-385
Video recording of prey deliveries to nests is a new technique for collecting data on raptor diet, but no thorough comparison of results from traditional methods based on collections of prey remains and pellets has been undertaken. We compared data from these 3 methods to determine relative merits of different...
Duration of the Arctic sea ice melt season: Regional and interannual variability, 1979-2001
G. I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas, Nikita G. Platonov
2004, Journal of Climate (17) 67-80
Melt onset dates, freeze onset dates, and melt season duration were estimated over Arctic sea ice, 1979–2001, using passive microwave satellite imagery and surface air temperature data. Sea ice melt duration for the entire Northern Hemisphere varied from a 104-day minimum in 1983 and 1996 to a 124-day maximum in...
Detecting denning polar bears with Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) imagery
Steven C. Amstrup, G. York, T. L. McDonald, R. Nielson, Kristin S. Simac
2004, BioScience (54) 337-344
Polar bears give birth in snow dens in midwinter and remain in dens until early spring. The survival and development of cubs is dependent on a stable environment within the maternal den. To mitigate potential disruption of polar bear denning by existing and proposed petroleum activities, we used forward-looking infrared...
Using satellite radiotelemetry data to delineate and manage wildlife populations
Steven C. Amstrup, T. L. McDonald, George M. Durner
2004, Wildlife Society Bulletin (32) 661-679
The greatest promise of radiotelemetry always has been a better understanding of animal movements. Telemetry has helped us know when animals are active, how active they are, how far and how fast they move, the geographic areas they occupy, and whether individuals vary in these traits. Unfortunately, the inability to...
Foraging depths of sea otters and implications to coastal marine communities
James L. Bodkin, George G. Esslinger, Daniel H. Monson
2004, Marine Mammal Science (20) 305-321
We visually observed 1,251 dives, of 14 sea otters instrumented with TDRs in southeast Alaska, and used attribute values from observed dives to classify 180,848 recorded dives as foraging (0.64), or traveling (0.36). Foraging dives were significantly deeper, with longer durations, bottom times, and postdive surface intervals, and greater descent...
Ecological overview of Kenai Fjords National Park
Page Spencer, Gail V. Irvine
2004, Alaska Park Science (3) 5-11
The major drivers of Kenai Fjords ecosystems are tectonics and climate. In this overview, we describe how these forces have contributed to the shaping of the lands and ecosystems of Kenai Fjords.Physically, the park is comprised of several distinct components, set within a broader ecophysical framework that includes the Kenai...
Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001
G. I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas, I.V. Alpatsky, Nikita G. Platonov
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research (109)
Arctic multiyear sea ice concentration maps for January 1988-2001 were generated from SSM/I brightness temperatures (19H, 19V, and 37V) using modified multiple layer perceptron neural networks. Learning data for the neural networks were extracted from ice maps derived from Okean and ERS satellite imagery to capitalize on the stability of...
Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs: Geographical, species, and temporal comparisons
Stacy S. Vander Pol, Paul R. Becker, John R. Kucklick, Rebecca S. Pugh, David G. Roseneau, Kristin S. Simac
2004, Environmental Science & Technology (38) 1305-1312
Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in eggs of common and thick-billed murres (Uria aalge and U. lomvia) from five Alaskan nesting colonies were dominated by 4,4‘-DDE, total polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs; 46 congeners comprised mainly of PCB congeners 153, 118, 138, 99, and 151), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane...
Trace elements in moose (Alces alces) found dead in Northwestern Minnesota, USA
T. W. Custer, E. Cox, B. Gray
2004, Science of the Total Environment (330) 81-87
The moose (Alces alces) population in bog and forest areas of Northwestern Minnesota has declined for more than 25 years, and more recently the decline is throughout Northwestern Minnesota. Both deficiencies and elevations in trace elements have been linked to the health of moose worldwide. The objective of this study...
Phase II Report, Vital Signs Monitoring Plan, Southwest Alaska Network
A.J. Bennett, K.L. Oakley, D.C. Mortenson
2004, Report
