Reply to "Comment on 'A model of earthquake triggering probabilities and application to dynamic deformations constrained by ground motion observations' by Ross Stein"
J. Gomberg, K. Felzer
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
Advancing environmental toxicology through chemical dosimetry: External exposures versus tissue residues
L.S. McCarty, P.F. Landrum, S. N. Luoma, J.P. Meador, A.A. Merten, B.K. Shephard, A.P. van Wezelzz
2011, Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (7) 7-27
The tissue residue dose concept has been used, although in a limited manner, in environmental toxicology for more than 100 y. This review outlines the history of this approach and the technical background for organic chemicals and metals. Although the toxicity of both can be explained in tissue residue terms,...
Comparison and analysis of empirical equations for soil heat flux for different cropping systems and irrigation methods
A. Irmak, Ramesh K. Singh, Elizabeth Walter-Shea, S.B. Verma, A.E. Suyker
2011, Transactions of the ASABE (54) 67-80
We evaluated the performance of four models for estimating soil heat flux density (G) in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) fields under different irrigation methods (center-pivot irrigated fields at Mead, Nebraska, and subsurface drip irrigated field at Clay Center, Nebraska) and rainfed conditions at Mead. The...
Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River
P. Belmont, K.B. Gran, S.P. Schottler, P.R. Wilcock, S.S. Day, C. Jennings, J.W. Lauer, E. Viparelli, J.K. Willenbring, D.R. Engstrom, G. Parker
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 8804-8810
Although sediment is a natural constituent of rivers, excess loading to rivers and streams is a leading cause of impairment and biodiversity loss. Remedial actions require identification of the sources and mechanisms of sediment supply. This task is complicated by the scale and complexity of large watersheds as well as...
Modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: Environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction
Emily S. Almberg, Paul C. Cross, Christopher J. Johnson, Dennis M. Heisey, Bryan J. Richards
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of deer, elk, and moose transmitted through direct, animal-to-animal contact, and indirectly, via environmental contamination. Considerable attention has been paid to modeling direct transmission, but despite the fact that CWD prions can remain infectious in the environment for years, relatively little information...
Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA
Samantha Badil, Diane G. Elliott, Tomofumi Kurobe, Ronald P. Hedrick, Kathy Clemens, Marilyn Blair, Maureen K. Purcell
2011, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (23) 19-29
Nucleospora salmonis is an intranuclear microsporidian that primarily infects lymphoblast cells and contributes to chronic lymphoblastosis and a leukemia-like condition in a range of salmonid species. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of N. salmonis in out-migrating juvenile hatchery and wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha...
Diffuse Pacific-North American plate boundary: 1000 km of dextral shear inferred from modeling geodetic data
T. Parsons, W. Thatcher
2011, Geology (39) 943-946
Geodetic measurements tell us that the eastern part of the Basin and Range Province expands in an east-west direction relative to stable North America, whereas the western part of the province moves to the northwest. We develop three-dimensional finite element representations of the western United States lithosphere in an effort...
Movements and survival of black-footed ferrets associated with an experimental translocation in South Dakota
E. Biggins, Jerry L. Godbey, B.M. Horton, T.M. Livieri
2011, Journal of Mammalogy (92) 742-750
Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) apparently were extirpated from all native habitats by 1987, and their repatriation requires a combination of captive breeding, reintroductions, and translocations among sites. Improvements in survival rates of released ferrets have resulted from experience in quasi-natural environments during their rearing. Reestablishment of a self-sustaining wild population...
Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global and regional chronostratigraphic units and δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphy
Bradley D. Cramer, Carlton E. Brett, Michael J. Melchin, Peep Mannik, Mark A. Kleffner, Patrick I. McLaughlin, David K. Loydell, Axel Munnecke, Lennart Jeppsson, Carlo Corradini, Frank R. Brunton, Matthew R. Saltzman
2011, Lethaia (44) 185-202
Recent revisions to the biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic assignment of strata from the type area of the Niagaran Provincial Series (a regional chronostratigraphic unit) have demonstrated the need to revise the chronostratigraphic correlation of the Silurian System of North America. Recently, the working group to restudy the base of the Wenlock...
Projected changes to growth and mortality of Hawaiian corals over the next 100 years
R.K. Hoeke, P. L. Jokiel, R. W. Buddemeier, R.E. Brainard
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
Background: Recent reviews suggest that the warming and acidification of ocean surface waters predicated by most accepted climate projections will lead to mass mortality and declining calcification rates of reef-building corals. This study investigates the use of modeling techniques to quantitatively examine rates of coral cover change due to these...
A conduit dilation model of methane venting from lake sediments
B.P. Scandella, C. Varadharajan, Harold F. Hemond, C. Ruppel, R. Juanes
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, but its effects on Earth's climate remain poorly constrained, in part due to uncertainties in global methane fluxes to the atmosphere. An important source of atmospheric methane is the methane generated in organic-rich sediments underlying surface water bodies, including lakes, wetlands, and the ocean....
Responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to climate change treatments along an elevation gradient
Zhuoting Wu, George W. Koch, Paul Dijkstra, Matthew A. Bowker, Bruce A. Hungate
2011, Ecosystems (14) 1066-1080
Global temperature increases and precipitation changes are both expected to alter ecosystem carbon (C) cycling. We tested responses of ecosystem C cycling to simulated climate change using field manipulations of temperature and precipitation across a range of grass-dominated ecosystems along an elevation gradient in northern Arizona. In 2002, we transplanted...
Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
T.F. Fondell, Paul L. Flint, J.S. Sedinger, C.A. Nicolai, J.L. Schamber
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 101-108
Recent declines in black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) are likely the result of low recruitment. In geese, recruitment is strongly affected by habitat conditions experienced by broods because gosling growth rates are indicative of forage conditions during brood rearing and strongly influence future survival and productivity. In 2006–2008, we studied...
A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations
V.C. Tsai
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
It is known that GPS time series contain a seasonal variation that is not due to tectonic motions, and it has recently been shown that crustal seismic velocities may also vary seasonally. In order to explain these changes, a number of hypotheses have been given, among which thermoelastic and hydrology-induced...
Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre
G. Sarthou, E. Bucciarelli, F. Chever, S.P. Hansard, M. Gonzalez-Davila, J. M. Santana-Casiano, F. Planchon, S. Speich
2011, Biogeosciences Discussions (8) 4163-4208
Labile Fe(II) distributions were investigated in the Sub-Tropical South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean during the BONUS-GoodHope cruise from 34 to 57?? S (February-March 2008). Concentrations ranged from below the detection limit (0.009 nM) to values as high as 0.125 nM. In the surface mixed layer, labile Fe(II) concentrations were...
Determinants of fish assemblage structure in Northwestern Great Plains streams
J.A. Mullen, R.G. Bramblett, C.S. Guy, A.V. Zale, D.W. Roberts
2011, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (140) 271-281
Prairie streams are known for their harsh and stochastic physical conditions, and the fish assemblages therein have been shown to be temporally variable. We assessed the spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure in five intermittent, adventitious northwestern Great Plains streams representing a gradient of watershed areas. Fish assemblages...
Evidence for predatory control of the invasive round goby
C.P. Madenjian, M.A. Stapanian, L.D. Witzel, D.W. Einhouse, S.A. Pothoven, H.L. Whitford
2011, Biological Invasions (13) 987-1002
We coupled bioenergetics modeling with bottom trawl survey results to evaluate the capacity of piscivorous fish in eastern Lake Erie to exert predatory control of the invading population of round goby Neogobius melanostomus. In the offshore (>20 m deep) waters of eastern Lake Erie, burbot Lota lota is a native...
Rift Valley fever virus infection in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) herds in rural South Africa: Evidence of interepidemic transmission
A.D. LaBeaud, P.C. Cross, W.M. Getz, A. Glinka, C.H. King
2011, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (84) 641-646
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging biodefense pathogen that poses significant threats to human and livestock health. To date, the interepidemic reservoirs of RVFV are not well defined. In a longitudinal survey of infectious diseases among African buffalo during 2000-2006, 550 buffalo were tested for antibodies against RVFV...
Stratigraphy and chronology of offshore to nearshore deposits associated with the Provo shoreline, Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Utah
H.S. Godsey, Charles G. Oviatt, D. M. Miller, M.A. Chan
2011, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (310) 442-450
Stratigraphic descriptions and radiocarbon data from eleven field locations are presented in this paper to establish a chronostratigraphic framework for offshore to nearshore deposits of Lake Bonneville. Based on key marker beds and geomorphic position, the deposits are interpreted to have accumulated during the period from the late transgressive phase,...
Problems with studying wolf predation on small prey in summer via global positioning system collars
V. Palacios, L.D. Mech
2011, European Journal of Wildlife Research (57) 149-156
We attempted to study predation on various-sized prey by a male and female wolf (Canis lupus) with global positioning system (GPS) collars programmed to acquire locations every 10 min in the Superior National Forest of Minnesota. During May to August 2007, we investigated 147 clusters of locations (31% of the...
Short-term sandbar variability based on video imagery: Comparison between Time-Average and Time-Variance techniques
R.M.C. Guedes, L.J. Calliari, K. T. Holland, N.G. Plant, P.S. Pereira, F.N.A. Alves
2011, Marine Geology (289) 122-134
Time–exposure intensity (averaged) images are commonly used to locate the nearshore sandbar position (xb), based on the cross-shore locations of maximum pixel intensity (xi) of the bright bands in the images. It is not known, however, how the breaking patterns seen in Variance images (i.e. those created through standard deviation of pixel intensity...
Comment on "A model of earthquake triggering probabilities and application to dynamic deformations constrained by ground motion observations" by Joan Gomberg and Karen Felzer
R.S. Stein
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
In situ rates of sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations
T.A. Kneeshaw, J.T. McGuire, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, E.W. Smith
2011, Ground Water (49) 903-913
Rates of in situ microbial sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations were determined using Native Organism Geochemical Experimentation Enclosures (NOGEEs), a new in situ technique developed to facilitate evaluation of controls on microbial reaction rates. NOGEEs function by first trapping a native microbial community in situ and then subjecting...
Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four Yucca moths
C.I. Smith, S. Tank, W. Godsoe, J. Levenick, Espen Strand, T. Esque, O. Pellmyr
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
Comparative phylogeographic studies have had mixed success in identifying common phylogeographic patterns among co-distributed organisms. Whereas some have found broadly similar patterns across a diverse array of taxa, others have found that the histories of different species are more idiosyncratic than congruent. The variation in the results of comparative phylogeographic...
Natural radium and radon tracers to quantify water exchange and movement in reservoirs
Christopher G. Smith
Mark Baskaran, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry
Radon and radium isotopes are routinely used to quantify exchange rates between different hydrologic reservoirs. Since their recognition as oceanic tracers in the 1960s, both radon and radium have been used to examine processes such as air-sea exchange, deep oceanic mixing, benthic inputs, and many others. Recently, the application of...