Decreasing prevalence of brucellosis in red deer through efforts to control disease in livestock
E. Serrano, P.C. Cross, M. Beneria, A. Ficapal, J. Curia, X. Marco, S. Lavin, I. Marco
2011, Epidemiology and Infection (139) 1626-1630
When a pathogen infects a number of different hosts, the process of determining the relative importance of each host species to the persistence of the pathogen is often complex. Removal of a host species is a potential but rarely possible way of discovering the importance of that species to the...
Effects of hatchery fish density on emigration, growth, survival, and predation risk of natural steelhead parr in an experimental stream channel
Christopher P. Tatara, Stephen C. Riley, Barry A. Berejikian
2011, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (31) 224-235
Hatchery supplementation of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss raises concerns about the impacts on natural populations, including reduced growth and survival, displacement, and increased predation. The potential risks may be density dependent.We examined how hatchery stocking density and the opportunity to emigrate affect the responses of natural steelhead parr in an experimental...
Field survey of the March 28, 2005 Nias-Simeulue earthquake and Tsunami
J.C. Borrero, B. McAdoo, B. Jaffe, L. Dengler, G. Gelfenbaum, B. Higman, R. Hidayat, A. Moore, W. Kongko, Lukijanto, R. Peters, G. Prasetya, V. Titov, E. Yulianto
2011, Pure and Applied Geophysics (168) 1075-1088
On the evening of March 28, 2005 at 11:09 p.m. local time (16:09 UTC), a large earthquake occurred offshore of West Sumatra, Indonesia. With a moment magnitude (Mw) of 8.6, the event caused substantial shaking damage and land level changes between Simeulue Island in the north and the Batu Islands...
The ShakeOut scenario: A hypothetical Mw7.8 earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault
K. Porter, L. Jones, D. Cox, J. Goltz, K. Hudnut, D. Mileti, S. Perry, D. Ponti, M. Reichle, A.Z. Rose, C.R. Scawthorn, H.A. Seligson, K.I. Shoaf, J. Treiman, A. Wein
2011, Earthquake Spectra (27) 239-261
In 2008, an earthquake-planning scenario document was released by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and California Geological Survey that hypothesizes the occurrence and effects of a Mw7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault. It was created by more than 300 scientists and engineers. Fault offsets reach 13 m and...
The dark side of the hyporheic zone: Depth profiles of nitrogen and its processing in stream sediments
R.S. Stelzer, L.A. Bartsch, W. B. Richardson, E.A. Strauss
2011, Freshwater Biology (56) 2021-2033
1. Although it is well known that sediments can be hot spots for nitrogen transformation in streams, many previous studies have confined measurements of denitrification and nitrate retention to shallow sediments (<5 cm deep). We determined the extent of nitrate processing in deeper sediments of a sand plains stream (Emmons Creek)...
Widespread inclination shallowing in Permian and Triassic paleomagnetic data from Laurentia: Support from new paleomagnetic data from Middle Permian shallow intrusions in southern Illinois (USA) and virtual geomagnetic pole distributions
M. Domeier, R. Van Der Voo, F.B. Denny
2011, Tectonophysics (511) 38-52
Recent paleomagnetic work has highlighted a common and shallow inclination bias in continental redbeds. The Permian and Triassic paleomagnetic records from Laurentia are almost entirely derived from such sedimentary rocks, so a pervasive inclination error will expectedly bias the apparent polar wander path of Laurentia in a significant way. The...
Rethinking hyporheic flow and transient storage to advance understanding of stream-catchment connections
Kenneth E. Bencala, M.N. Gooseff, Briant A. Kimball
2011, Water Resources Research (47)
Although surface water and groundwater are increasingly referred to as one resource, there remain environmental and ecosystem needs to study the 10 m to 1 km reach scale as one hydrologic system. Streams gain and lose water over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Large spatial scales (kilometers) have...
An open-water electrical geophysical tool for mapping sub-seafloor heavy placer minerals in 3D and migrating hydrocarbon plumes in 4D
J. Wynn, M. Williamson, S. Urquhart, J. Fleming
2011, Conference Paper, OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book
A towed-streamer technology has been developed for mapping placer heavy minerals and dispersed hydrocarbon plumes in the open ocean. The approach uses induced polarization (IP), an electrical measurement that encompasses several different surface-reactive capacitive and electrochemical phenomena, and thus is ideally suited for mapping dispersed or disseminated targets. The application...
Survival of European mouflon (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in Hawai'i based on tooth cementum lines
S.C. Hess, R.M. Stephens, T.L. Thompson, R.M. Danner, B. Kawakami Jr.
2011, Pacific Science (65) 59-67
Reliable techniques for estimating age of ungulates are necessary to determine population parameters such as age structure and survival. Techniques that rely on dentition, horn, and facial patterns have limited utility for European mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini musimon), but tooth cementum lines may offer a useful alternative. Cementum lines may...
Projected changes to growth and mortality of Hawaiian corals over the next 100 years
R.K. Hoeke, P. L. Jokiel, R. W. Buddemeier, R.E. Brainard
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
Background: Recent reviews suggest that the warming and acidification of ocean surface waters predicated by most accepted climate projections will lead to mass mortality and declining calcification rates of reef-building corals. This study investigates the use of modeling techniques to quantitatively examine rates of coral cover change due to these...
Habitat use of nesting and brood-rearing King Rails in the Illinois and Upper Mississippi River Valleys
A.J. Darrah, D.G. Krementz
2011, Waterbirds (34) 160-167
Most studies of King Rail (Rallus elegans) have investigated habitat use during the nesting season, while few comparisons have been made between the nesting and brood-rearing seasons. King Rails were located during the nesting season in Missouri using repeated surveys with call playback, and systematic searches for broods were conducted...
Implications of chronic wasting disease, cougar predation, and reduced recruitment for elk management
G.A. Sargeant, D.C. Weber, D.E. Roddy
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 171-177
Emerging diseases and expanding carnivore populations may have profound implications for ungulate harvest management and population regulation. To better understand effects of chronic wasting disease (CWD) and cougar (Puma concolor) predation, we studied mortality and recruitment of elk (Cervus elaphus) at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) during 2005-2009. We marked...
Lava tube shatter rings and their correlation with lava flux increases at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i
T.R. Orr
2011, Bulletin of Volcanology (73) 335-346
Shatter rings are circular to elliptical volcanic features, typically tens of meters in diameter, which form over active lava tubes. They are typified by an upraised rim of blocky rubble and a central depression. Prior to this study, shatter rings had not been observed forming, and, thus, were interpreted in...
Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction
Kenneth L. Cole, Kirsten Ironside, Jon K. Eischeid, Gregg Garfin, Phil Duffy, Chris Toney
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 137-149
The future distribution of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) is projected by combining a geostatistical analysis of 20th-century climates over its current range, future modeled climates, and paleoecological data showing its response to a past similar climate change. As climate rapidly warmed ;11 700 years ago, the range of Joshua...
Deep rock damage in the san andreas fault revealed by P- and S-type fault-zone-guided waves
William L. Ellsworth, Peter E. Malin
2011, Geological Society Special Publication (359) 39-53
Damage to fault-zone rocks during fault slip results in the formation of a channel of low seismic-wave velocities. Within such channels guided seismic waves, denoted by Fg, can propagate. Here we show with core samples, well logs and Fg-waves that such a channel is crossed by the SAFOD (San Andreas...
Classifying the hydrologic function of prairie potholes with remote sensing and GIS
Jennifer R. Rover, C.K. Wright, Ned H. Euliss Jr., David M. Mushet, Bruce K. Wylie
2011, Wetlands (31) 319-327
A sequence of Landsat TM/ETM+ scenes capturing the substantial surface water variations exhibited by prairie pothole wetlands over a drought to deluge period were analyzed in an attempt to determine the general hydrologic function of individual wetlands (recharge, flow-through, and discharge). Multipixel objects (water bodies) were clustered according to their...
Investigation of preparation techniques for δ2H analysis of keratin materials and a proposed analytical protocol
H. Qi, T.B. Coplen
2011, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (25) 2209-2222
Accurate hydrogen isotopic measurements of keratin materials have been a challenge due to exchangeable hydrogen in the sample matrix and the paucity of appropriate isotopic reference materials for calibration. We found that the most reproducible δ2HVSMOW-SLAP and mole fraction of exchangeable hydrogen, x(H)ex, of keratin materials were measured with equilibration...
Verifying a computational method for predicting extreme ground motion
R.A. Harris, M. Barall, D.J. Andrews, B. Duan, S. Ma, E.M. Dunham, A.-A. Gabriel, Y. Kaneko, Y. Kase, Brad T. Aagaard, D. D. Oglesby, J.-P. Ampuero, Thomas C. Hanks, N. Abrahamson
2011, Seismological Research Letters (82) 638-644
In situations where seismological data is rare or nonexistent, computer simulations may be used to predict ground motions caused by future earthquakes. This is particularly practical in the case of extreme ground motions, where engineers of special buildings may need to design for an event that has not been historically...
Aeolian nutrient fluxes following wildfire in sagebrush steppe: Implications for soil carbon storage
N.J. Hasselquist, M.J. Germino, J.B. Sankey, L.J. Ingram, N.F. Glenn
2011, Biogeosciences (8) 3649-3659
Pulses of aeolian transport following fire can profoundly affect the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Our objective was to determine horizontal nutrient fluxes occurring in the saltation zone during an episodic pulse of aeolian transport that occurred following a wildfire in a semi-arid sagebrush steppe ecosystem...
Quantifying the influence of sea ice on ocean microseism using observations from the Bering Sea, Alaska
V.C. Tsai, D.E. McNamara
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
Microseism is potentially affected by all processes that alter ocean wave heights. Because strong sea ice prevents large ocean waves from forming, sea ice can therefore significantly affect microseism amplitudes. Here we show that this link between sea ice and microseism is not only a robust one but can be...
Effectiveness of bait tubes for brown treesnake control on Guam
B. Lardner, J. A. Savidge, G.H. Rodda, R.N. Reed, A. A. Yackel Adams, C.S. Clark
2011, Conference Paper, Island Invasives: Eradication and Management: Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives
A bait tube is a device with which a toxicant inserted in a dead mouse (Mus musculus) can be delivered to invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) with low risk of non-target bait take. We tested two bait tube designs in a 5ha snake enclosure where the identity of virtually every...
Inland surface water: Chapter 18
Jill Baron, C. T. Driscoll, J.L. Stoddard
2011, General Technical Report NRS-80
Freshwater aquatic ecosystems include rivers and streams, large and small lakes, reservoirs, and ephemeral ponds. Wetlands are defi ned and discussed in Chapter 17 of this report. It is estimated that there are 123,400 lakes with a surface area greater than 4 ha in the United States. Most lakes, however,...
Short-term nitrogen additions can shift a coastal wetland from a sink to a source of N2O
Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Rosalinda Gonzalez, Kevin D. Kroeger, Jianwu Tang, Wei Chun Chao, John Crusius, John F. Bratton, Adrian G. Mann, James Shelton
2011, Atmospheric Environment (45) 4390-4397
Coastal salt marshes sequester carbon at high rates relative to other ecosystems and emit relatively little methane particularly compared to freshwater wetlands. However, fluxes of all major greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4, and CO2) need to be quantified for accurate assessment of the climatic roles of these ecosystems. Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs...
Genetic and environmental influences on leaf phenology and cold hardiness of native and introduced riparian trees
Jonathan M. Friedman, J. E. Roelle, B.S. Cade
2011, International Journal of Biometeorology (55) 775-787
To explore the roles of plasticity and genetic variation in the response to spatial and temporal climate variation, we established a common garden consisting of paired collections of native and introduced riparian trees sampled along a latitudinal gradient. The garden in Fort Collins, Colorado (latitude 40.6°N), included 681 native plains...
Informal and formal trail monitoring protocols and baseline conditions: Acadia National Park
Jeffrey L. Marion, Jeremy F. Wimpey, L. Park
2011, Report
At Acadia National Park, changing visitor use levels and patterns have contributed to an increasing degree of visitor use impacts to natural and cultural resources. To better understand the extent and severity of these resource impacts and identify effective management techniques, the park sponsored this research to develop monitoring protocols,...
