Effect of ten quaternary ammonium cations on tetrachloromethane sorption to clay from water
J. A. Smith
1990, Environmental Science & Technology (24) 1167-1172
The mineral surface of Wyoming bentonite (clay) was modified by replacing inorganic ions by each of 10 quaternary ammonium compounds, and tetrachloromethane sorption to the modified sorbents from water was studied. Tetrachloromethane sorption from solution to clay modified with tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, benzyltrimethyl-, or benzyltriethylammonium cations generally is characterized by relatively...
Hydrogeology of an ancient arid closed basin: Implications for tabular sandstone-hosted uranium deposits
R.F. Sanford
1990, Geology (18) 1099-1102
Hydrogeologic modeling shows that tabular-type uranium deposits in the Grants uranium region of the San Juan basin, New Mexico, formed in zones of ascending and discharging regional ground-water flow. The association of either lacustrine mudstone or actively subsiding structures and uranium deposits can...
Hydrocarbon-water interactions during brine migration: Evidence from hydrocarbon inclusions in calcite cements from Danish North Sea oil fields
J. Jensenius, R.C. Burruss
1990, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (54) 705-713
Crude oils in primary and secondary fluid inclusions in calcite from fractures in seven offshore oil fields associated with diapiric salt structures in the Danish sector of the North Sea were analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography and compared with crude oils produced from the same reservoirs. Oils from fluid...
Origin of carbonate deposits in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Preliminary results of strontium-isotope analyses
B.D. Marshall, K. Futa, S. A. Mahan, Z. E. Peterman, J. S. Stuckless, J. S. Downey, E. D. Gutentag
1990, Conference Paper
As part of the paleohydrology study of the Yucca Mountain Project, strontium-isotope analyses of carbonate deposits, ground water, and major rock reservoirs of strontium are in progress. This paper presents a summary of the strontium-isotope data obtained through 1989. Calcium carbonate is ubiquitous in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, where...
Determination of trace levels of herbicides and their degradation products in surface and ground waters by gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry
W. E. Pereira, C.E. Rostad, T.J. Leiker
1990, Analytica Chimica Acta (228) 69-75
A rapid, specific and highly sensitive method is described for the determination of several commonly used herbicides and their degradation products in surface and ground waters by using gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry. The compounds included atrazine, and its degradation products desethylatrazine and desisopropylatrazine; Simazine; Cyanazine; Metolachlor; and alachlor and its...
Phreatomagmatic and phreatic fall and surge deposits from explosions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1790 a.d.: Keanakakoi Ash Member
J. McPhie, G.P.L. Walker, R.L. Christiansen
1990, Bulletin of Volcanology (52) 334-354
In or around 1790 a.d. an explosive eruption took place in the summit caldera of Kilauea shield volcano. A group of Hawaiian warriors close to the caldera at the time were killed by the effects of the explosions. The stratigraphy of pyroclastic deposits surrounding Kilauea (i.e., the Keanakakoi Ash Member)...
Estimates of ion sources in deciduous and coniferous throughfall
L.J. Puckett
1990, Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics (24) 545-555
Estimates of external and internal sources of ions in net througfall deposition were derived for a deciduous and coniferous canopy by use of multiple regression. The external source component appears to be dominated by dry deposition of Ca2+, SO2 and NO3− during dormant and growing seasons for the two canopy types. Increases...
Soil development on stable landforms and implications for landscape studies
J.W. Harden
1990, Geomorphology (3) 391-398
Soil development parameters include a wide variety of morphological, chemical, and mineralogical parameters, but some of the best indicators of time and surface stability are derived from field morphology. Over long time-spans, the most common time function for soil development is exponential...
Effects of climatic change on the Thornthwaite moisture index
Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock, Lauren E. Hay, Mark A. Ayers
1990, Water Resources Bulletin (26) 633-643
The Thornthwaite moisture index is a useful indicator of the supply of water (precipitation) in an area relative to the demand for water under prevailing climatic conditions (potential evapotranspiration). This study examines the effects of changes in climate (temperature and precipitation) on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the conterminous United...
Stable isotopes of carbon dioxide in soil gas over massive sulfide mineralization at Crandon, Wisconsin
Charles N. Alpers, D. L. Dettman, K.C. Lohmann, D. Brabec
1990, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (38) 69-86
Stable isotope ratios of oxygen and carbon were determined for CO2 in soil gas in the vicinity of the massive sulfide deposit at Crandon, Wisconsin with the objective of determining the source of anomalously high CO2 concentrations detected previously by McCarthy et al. (1986). Values of δ13C in soil gas CO2 from depths between...
A new planktic foraminifer transfer function for estimating pliocene-Holocene paleoceanographic conditions in the North Atlantic
H.J. Dowsett, R.Z. Poore
1990, Marine Micropaleontology (16) 1-23
A new planktic foraminifer transfer function (GSF18) related 5 North Atlantic assemblages to winter and summer sea surface temperature. GSF18, based on recombined and simplified core top census data, preserves most environmental information and reproduces modern North Atlantic conditions with approximately the same accuracy as previous transfer functions, but can...
Effects of municipal wastewater discharges on aquatic communities, Boise River, Idaho
S.A. Frenzel
1990, Water Resources Bulletin (26) 279-287
Aquatic communities in the Boise River were examined from October 1987 to March 1988 to determine whether they were adversely affected by trace elements in effluents from two Boise wastewater treatment facilities. Trace-element concentrations in the Boise River were less than or near analytical-detection levels and were less than chronic...
Climate factor for small-basin flood frequency
R.W. Lichty, M.R. Karlinger
1990, Water Resources Bulletin (26) 577-586
A climate factor, CT, (T = 2-, 25-, and 100-year recurrence intervals) that delineates regional trends in small-basin flood frequency was derived using data from 71 long-term rainfall record sites. Values of CT at these sites were developed by a regression analysis that related rainfall-runoff model estimates of T-year floods...
Ages and stable-isotope compositions of secondary calcite and opal in drill cores from Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada
Barney J. Szabo, T.K. Kyser
1990, Geological Society of America Bulletin (102) 1714-1719
Stable-isotope compositions of fracture-and cavity-filling calcite from the unsaturated zone of three drill cores at Yucca Mountain Tertiary volcanic complex indicate that the water from which the minerals precipitated was probably meteoric in origin. A decrease in 18O in the calcite with depth is...
Age and paleoclimatic significance of the Stansbury shoreline of Lake Bonneville, Northeastern Great Basin
Charles G. Oviatt, D.R. Currey, D. M. Miller
1990, Quaternary Research (33) 291-305
The Stansbury shoreline, one of the conspicuous late Pleistocene shorelines of Lake Bonneville, consists of tufa-cemented gravel and barrier beaches within a vertical zone of about 45 m, the lower limit of which is 70 m above the modern average level of Great Salt Lake. Stratigraphic evidence at a number...
Combustion tube method for measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios using calcium oxide for total rmoval of carbon dioxide and water
Carol Kendall, E. Grim
1990, Analytical Chemistry (62) 526-529
No abstract available....
Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of hydrothermal minerals from Yellowstone drill cores
N.C. Sturchio, T. E. C. Keith, K. Muehlenbachs
1990, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (40) 23-37
Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios were measured for hydrothermal minerals (silica, clay and calcite) from fractures and vugs in altered rhyolite, located between 28 and 129 m below surface (in situ temperatures ranging from 81 to 199??C) in Yellowstone drill holes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the...
Perturbation and melting of snow and ice by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, and consequent mobilization, flow and deposition of lahars
T.C. Pierson, R. J. Janda, J.-C. Thouret, C.A. Borrero
1990, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (41) 17-66
A complex sequence of pyroclastic flows and surges erupted by Nevado del Ruiz volcano on 13 November 1985 interacted with snow and ice on the summit ice cap to trigger catastrophic lahars (volcanic debris flows), which killed more than 23,000 people living at or beyond the base of the volcano....
Deep-water hydrocarbon seeps in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
Bernd R. T. Simoneit, P. F. Lonsdale, J.M. Edmond, Wayne C. Shanks III
1990, Applied Geochemistry (5) 41-49
Acoustically discovered hydrocarbon seeps along a transform fault zone on the Sonoran margin of Guaymas Basin and in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin were examined and sampled during dives of DSV Alvin. Seepage of methane and heavier hydrocarbons occurs through shallow...
Ouachitas need more exploratory drilling
Neil H. Suneson, Jock A. Campbell
1990, Oil & Gas Journal (88) 65-69
The Ouachita Mountains in southeastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas are part of a mostly buried late Paleozoic fold and thrust belt that extends from Alabama to northern Mexico. The principal hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Ouachita tectonic province can be subdivided into those that produce natural gas from shallow-water units and...
Pedologic and climatic controls on Rn-222 concentrations in soil gas, Denver, Colorado
S. Asher-Bolinder, D.E. Owen, R.R. Schumann
1990, Geophysical Research Letters (17) 825-828
Soil-gas radon concentrations are controlled seasonally by factors of climate and pedology. In a swelling soil of the semiarid Western United States, soil-gas radon concentrations at 100 cm depth increase in winter and spring due to increased emanation with higher soil moisture and the capping effect...
Sources and fractionation processes influencing the isotopic distribution of H, O and C in the Long Valley hydrothermal system, California, U.S.A.
A. F. White, M. L. Peterson, H. Wollenberg, S. Flexser
1990, Applied Geochemistry (5) 571-585
The isotopic ratios of H, O and C in water within the Long Valley caldera, California reflect input from sources external to the hydrothermal reservoir. A decrease in δD in precipitation of 0.5‰ km−1, from west to east across Long Valley,...
Partitioning of F between H2O and CO2 fluids and topaz rhyolite melt - Implications for mineralizing magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in F-rich granitic systems
J.D. Webster
1990, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (104) 424-438
Fluid/melt distribution coefficients for F have been determined in experiments conducted with peraluminous topaz rhyolite melts and fluids consisting of H2O and H2O+CO2 at pressures of 0.5 to 5 kbar, temperatures of 775??-1000??C, and concentrations of F in the melt ranging from 0.5 to 6.9 wt%. The major element, F,...
Fast algorithm for automatically computing Strahler stream order
Kenneth J. Lanfear
1990, Water Resources Bulletin (26) 977-981
An efficient algorithm was developed to determine Strahler stream order for segments of stream networks represented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The algorithm correctly assigns Strahler stream order in topologically complex situations such as braided streams and multiple drainage outlets. Execution time varies nearly linearly with the number of...
Diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure of Miocene strata, southeastern Spain: Implications for sea-level change and preservation of low-temperature fluid inclusions in calcite cement
R.H. Goldstein, E. K. Franseen, M. S. Mills
1990, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (54) 699-704
Many ancient carbonate rocks contain calcite cements that precipitated from shallow, fresh groundwater that entered strata during events of subaerial exposure. Such low-temperature cementation may be difficult to interpret from fluid inclusion studies because some of the inclusions may reequilibrate during later thermal events. Miocene rocks of southeast Spain provide...
