Some hydrological impacts of climate change for the Delaware River Basin
Gary D. Tasker
1990, Conference Paper
To gain insight into possible impacts of climate change on water availability in the Delaware River, two models are linked. The first model is a monthly water balance model that converts the temperature and precipitation values generated by a random number generator to monthly streamflow values. The monthly streamflow values...
Genetic implications of regional and temporal trends in ore fluid geochemistry of Mississippi Valley-type deposits in the Ozark region
J.G. Viets, D. L. Leach
1990, Economic Geology (85) 842-861
Fluids extracted from aqueous fluid inclusions in epigenetic gangue and ore minerals record the migration of huge volumes of highly saline fluids throughout the stratigraphic section of the Ozark region. The extracted fluids share many similarities regionally, but there are significant temporal differences which define two geochemically distinct end-member ore-forming...
Mass-marking of otoliths of lake trout sac fry by temperature manipulation
Roger A. Bergstedt, Randy L. Eshenroder, Charles Bowen, James G. Seelye, Jeffrey C. Locke
1990, American Fisheries Society Symposium (7) 216-223
The otoliths of 676,000 sac fry of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in 1986, and of 1,100,000 in 1987, were marked by daily manipulation of water temperature. The fish were stocked into Lake Huron in the spring. Otolith marks consisted of groups of daily growth rings accentuated into recognizable patterns by...
Age and paleoclimatic significance of the Stansbury shoreline of Lake Bonneville, Northeastern Great Basin
Charles G. Oviatt, D.R. Currey, D. M. Miller
1990, Quaternary Research (33) 291-305
The Stansbury shoreline, one of the conspicuous late Pleistocene shorelines of Lake Bonneville, consists of tufa-cemented gravel and barrier beaches within a vertical zone of about 45 m, the lower limit of which is 70 m above the modern average level of Great Salt Lake. Stratigraphic evidence at a number...
Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream based on a lithium tracer injection and simulations of transient storage
Kenneth E. Bencala, Diane M. McKnight, Gary W. Zellweger
1990, Water Resources Research (26) 989-1000
Physical parameters characterizing solute transport in the Snake River (an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream near Montezuma, Colorado) were variable along a 5.2-km study reach. Stream cross-sectional area and volumetric inflow each varied by a factor of 3. Because of transient storage, the residence time of injected tracers in the...
D/H on Mars: Effects of floods, volcanism, impacts, and polar processes
M. H. Carr
1990, Icarus (87) 210-227
Water in the Martian atmosphere is 5.1 times more enriched in deuterium than terrestial water. The enrichment has been previously attributed to either a massive loss of water early in the planet's history or the presence of only a very small...
Geochemistry of vanadium in an epigenetic, sandstone-hosted vanadium-uranium deposit, Henry Basin, Utah
R. B. Wanty, M. B. Goldhaber, H. R. Northrop
1990, Economic Geology (85) 270-284
The epigenetic Tony M vanadium-uranium orebody in south-central Utah is hosted in fluvial sandstones of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic). Although the deposit is mined for uranium, vanadium has a higher average abundance in the ore. Thus, the geochemistry of vanadium in the orebody was studied to characterize ore-forming processes...
Multidisciplinary hydrologic investigations at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
William W. Dudley Jr.
1990, Conference Paper
Future climatic conditions and tectonic processes have the potential to cause significant changes of the hydrologic system in the southern Great Basin, where a nuclear-waste repository is proposed for construction above the water table at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Geothermal anomalies in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain probably result from the...
Deformation monitoring at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia - October 1985 - March 1988
N.G. Banks, C. Carvajal, H. Mora, E. Tryggvason
1990, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (41) 269-295
Deformation studies began at Nevado del Ruiz 23 days before the devastating 13 November 1985 eruption, at least 12 months after precursory seismicity and fumarolic activity began. The late start in geodetic monitoring, limited number of stations in the pre-eruption network, and inconsistent patterns in the observed deformation limit conclusions...
Mass-balance model for predicting nitrate in ground water
Michael H. Frimpter, John J. Donohue, Michael V. Rapacz
1990, Journal of the New England Water Works Association (104) 219-232
A mass-balance accounting model can be used to guide the management of septic systems and fertilizers to control the degradation of ground-water quality in zones of an aquifer that contribute water to public-supply wells. The nitrate concentration of the mixture in the well can be predicted for steady-state conditions by...
Concentrations of boron, molybdenum, and selenium in chinook salmon
Steven J. Hamilton, Raymond H. Wiedmeyer
1990, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (119) 500-510
The concentrations of boron, molybdenum, and selenium in young chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were determined in three partial life cycle chronic toxicity studies. In each study, fish were exposed to a mixture of boron, molybdenum, selenate, and selenite in the proportions found in subsurface agricultural drainage water in the basin...
Benthic invertebrate bioassays with toxic sediment and pore water
John P. Giesy, Cornell J. Rosiu, Robert L. Graney, Mary G. Henry
1990, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (9) 233-248
The relative sensitivities of bioassays to determine the toxicity of sediments were investigated and three methods of making the sample dilutions required to generate dose-response relationships were compared. The assays studied were: (a) Microtox®, a 15-min assay ofPhotobacterium phosphoreum bioluminescence inhibition by pore water; (b) 48-h Daphnia magnalethality test in pore water;...
Toxicokinetics of PAHs in Hexagenia
Guy R. Stehly, Peter F. Landrum, Mary G. Henry, C. Klemm
1990, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (9) 167-174
The accumulation kinetics of two waterborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) and phenanthrene (PHE), were studied in the mayfly nymph (Hexagenia limbata). The uptake clearance decreased while the bioconcentration of BAP increased with an increase in weight of the H. limbata nymph. The relationship between uptake clearance and bioconcentration for PHE was...
Ground-water control of evaporite deposition
W.W. Wood, W. E. Sanford
1990, Economic Geology (85) 1226-1235
Topographically closed basins may be hydrologically open as a result of seepage losses to underlying or surrounding ground-water systems. In such cases, these losses can have a substantial control over the suite and the thicknesses of evaporite minerals formed in the basin. The ratio of ground-water outflow to inflow (flux...
A history of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey; Volume V, July 1, 1947, to April 30, 1957
G. E. Ferguson (compiler)
1990, Report
This volume is the fifth in a series of chronological summaries of the activities and achievements of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, but it is the first to be published as a public document. As explained in the Preface which follows, the first volume was published...
Coal in sub-Saharan-African countries undergoing desertification
J. N. Weaver, Michael E. Brownfield, M. J. Bergin
1990, Journal of African Earth Sciences (11) 261-271
Coal has been reported in 11 of the 16 sub-Saharan countries discussed in this appraisal: Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia. No coal occurrences have been reported in Gambia, Togo, Burkina, Chad, and Djibouti but coal may be present within these countries...
Particle velocity interpolation in block-centered finite difference groundwater flow models
Daniel J. Goode
1990, Water Resources Research (26) 925-940
A block-centered, finite difference model of two-dimensional groundwater flow yields velocity values at the midpoints of interfaces between adjacent blocks. Method of characteristics, random walk and particle-tracking models of solute transport require velocities at arbitrary particle locations within the finite difference grid. Particle path lines and travel times are sensitive...
Radium and radon in Charlotte Harbor Estuary, Florida
R. L. Miller, T. F. Kraemer, B. F. McPherson
1990, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (31) 439-457
Radium-226 and 222Rn activities are greater in the estuarine waters of northern Charlotte Harbor and the lower tidal Peace and Myakka Rivers, Florida, than in either the freshwater reaches of the rivers or waters of the lower estuary and the Gulf of Mexico. The activity of 226Ra in the tidal rivers increases...
Vapor-phase interactions and diffusion of organic solvents in the unsaturated zone
William R. Roy, R. A. Griffin
1990, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (15) 101-110
This article presents an analysis of the interactions and static movement of 37 organic solvents as vapors through the unsaturated soil zone. The physicochemical interactions of the organic vapors with unsaturated soil materials were emphasized with focus on diffusive, and adsorptive interactions. Fick's Law and porous media diffusion coefficients for...
Denitrification in sediments from the hyporheic zone adjacent to a small forested stream
J.H. Duff, F.J. Triska
1990, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (47) 1140-1147
Denitrifying potentials increased with increasing distance from the stream channel. Dissolved oxygen was 100% of the concentration expected in equilibrium with the atmosphere in water obtained from monitoring wells immediately adjacent to the stream but was as low as 7% of the expected value in water 11.4 m inland. Both...
Construction and performance of a long-term earthen liner experiment
Keros Cartwright, Ivan G. Krapac
Rudolph Bonaparte, editor(s)
1990, Conference Paper, Geotechnical Special Publication
In land burial schemes, compacted soil barriers with low hydraulic conductivity are commonly used in cover and liner systems to control the movement of liquids and prevent groundwater contamination. An experimental liner measuring 8 x 15 x 0.9 m was constructed with design criteria and equipment to simulate construction of...
Strategies and equipment for sampling suspended sediment and associated toxic chemicals in large rivers - with emphasis on the Mississippi River
R.H. Meade, H.H. Stevens Jr.
1990, Conference Paper, Science of the Total Environment
A Lagrangian strategy for sampling large rivers, which was developed and tested in the Orinoco and Amazon Rivers of South America during the early 1980s, is now being applied to the study of toxic chemicals in the Mississippi River. A series of 15-20 cross-sections of the Mississippi mainstem and its...
Deep-water hydrocarbon seeps in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
Bernd R. T. Simoneit, P. F. Lonsdale, J.M. Edmond, Wayne C. Shanks III
1990, Applied Geochemistry (5) 41-49
Acoustically discovered hydrocarbon seeps along a transform fault zone on the Sonoran margin of Guaymas Basin and in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin were examined and sampled during dives of DSV Alvin. Seepage of methane and heavier hydrocarbons occurs through shallow...
Trace elements in Corbicula fluminea from the San Joaquin River, California
H.V. Leland, B. C. Scudder
1990, Conference Paper, Science of the Total Environment
(i) Trace element concentrations in soft tissue of the benthic bivalve, Corbicula fluminea, from the San Joaquin River and its major tributaries were examined during the primary irrigation season in relation to the spatial variation in concentrations of major, minor and trace constituents in riverwater and sediments. (ii) Selenium concentrations...
Vapor-liquid phase equilibria of potassium chloride-water mixtures: Equation-of-state representation for KCl-H2O and NaCl-H2O
J.K. Hovey, Kenneth S. Pitzer, J.C. Tanger IV, J. L. Bischoff, R.J. Rosenbauer
1990, Journal of Physical Chemistry (94) 1175-1179
Measurements of isothermal vapor-liquid compositions for KCl-H2O as a function of pressure are reported. An equation of state, which was originally proposed by Pitzer and was improved and used by Tanger and Pitzer to fit the vapor-liquid coexistence surface for NaCl-H2O, has been used for representation of the KCl-H2O system...
