Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999
Larry P. Gough, Frederic H. Wilson, editor(s)
2001, Professional Paper 1633
The collection of nine papers that follow continue the series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigative reports in Alaska under the broad umbrella of the geologic sciences. The series presents new and sometimes preliminary findings that are of interest to earth scientists in academia, government, and industry; to land and...
The National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA) data archive
K. J. Bird
2001, Fact Sheet 024-01
The area currently known as the National Petroleum ReserveAlaska was originally designated in 1923 as Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 (NPR4). It was one of four U.S. regions thought to contain significant amounts of oil that were to be reserved for national crises. Geographic and geologic knowledge of the NPR4...
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 area, petroleum assessment, 1998, including economic analysis
K. J. Bird, D.W. Houseknecht
2001, Fact Sheet 028-01
The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (1980) established the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). In section 1002 of that act, Congress deferred a decision regarding future management of the 1.5-million-acre coastal plain ("1002 area") in recognition of the area’s potentially enormous oil and gas resources and its importance...
Quaternary glacial, lacustrine, and fluvial interactions in the western Noatak basin, Northwest Alaska
T. D. Hamilton
2001, Quaternary Science Reviews (20) 371-391
The 130 km long Noatak basin is surrounded by mountains of the western Brooks Range. Middle and late Pleistocene glaciers flowing southeast into the basin dammed a succession of proglacial lakes defined by shorelines, outlet channels, and upper limits of wave erosion. More than 60 bluffs along the Noatak River...
Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models
A. D. McGuire, S. Sitch, Joy S. Clein, R. Dargaville, G. Esser, J. Foley, Martin Heimann, F. Joos, J. Kaplan, D. W. Kicklighter, R.A. Meier, J. M. Melillo, B. Moore III, I. C. Prentice, N. Ramankutty, T. Reichenau, A. Schloss, H. Tian, L.J. Williams, U. Wittenberg
2001, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (15) 183-206
The concurrent effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, climate variability, and cropland establishment and abandonment on terrestrial carbon storage between 1920 and 1992 were assessed using a standard simulation protocol with four process-based terrestrial biosphere models. Over the long-term(1920–1992), the simulations yielded a time history of terrestrial uptake that is...
Observations of earthquake source parameters at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California
Stephanie G. Prejean, William L. Ellsworth
2001, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (91) 165-177
To investigate seismic source parameter scaling and seismic efficiency in the Long Valley caldera, California, we measured source parameters for 41 earthquakes (M 0.5 to M 5) recorded at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Exploratory Well. Borehole recordings provide a wide frequency bandwidth, typically 1 to 200–300 Hz,...
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2001, Report
The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a feature-based database that interconnects and uniquely identifies the stream segments or reaches that make up the nation's surface water drainage system. NHD data was originally developed at 1:100,000 scale and exists at that scale for the whole country. High resolution NHD adds...
Elevations and distances in the United States
U.S. Geological Survey
2001, Report
The information in this booklet was compiled to answer inquiries received by the U.S. Geological Survey from students, teachers, writers, editors, publishers of encyclopedias, almanacs, and other reference books, and people in many other fields of work. The elevations of features and distances between points in the United States were determined...
Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project
Geoff S. York, P.R. Becker, Lyman K. Thorsteinson
2001, Book, Alaska Forum on the Environment, Anchorage, Alaska
No abstract available....
Estimating repeatability of egg size
Paul L. Flint, R.F. Rockwell, J.S. Sedinger
2001, The Auk (118) 500-503
Measures of repeatability have long been used to assess patterns of variation in egg size within and among females. We compared different analytical approaches for estimating repeatability of egg size of Black Brant. Separate estimates of repeatability for eggs of each clutch size and laying sequence number varied from 0.49...
Neckband retention for lesser snow geese in the western Arctic
M.D. Samuel, Diana R. Goldberg, A. E. Smith, W. Baranyuk, E.G. Cooch
2001, Journal of Wildlife Management (65) 797-807
Neckbands are commonly used in waterfowl studies (especially geese) to identify individuals for determination of movement and behavior and to estimate population parameters. Substantial neckband loss can adversely affect these research objectives and produce biased survival estimates. We used capture, recovery, and observation histories for lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens...
Cost considerations for long-term ecological monitoring
L. Caughlan, K.L. Oakley
2001, Ecological Indicators (14) 1-12
For an ecological monitoring program to be successful over the long-term, the perceived benefits of the information must justify the cost. Financial limitations will always restrict the scope of a monitoring program, hence the program's focus must be carefully prioritized. Clearly identifying the costs and benefits of a program will...
Juvenile groundfish habitat in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during late summer
Alisa A. Abookire, John F. Piatt, Brenda L. Norcross
2001, Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin (8) 45-56
We investigated the habitat of juvenile groundfishes in relation to depth, water temperature, and salinity in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Stations ranging in depth from 10 to 70 m and with sand or mud-sand substrates were sampled with a small-meshed beam trawl in August-September of 1994 to 1999. A total of...
Polar bears in the Beaufort Sea: A 30-year mark-recapture case history
Steven C. Amstrup, T. L. McDonald, I. Stirling
2001, Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (6) 221-234
Knowledge of population size and trend is necessary to manage anthropogenic risks to polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Despite capturing over 1,025 females between 1967 and 1998, previously calculated estimates of the size of the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) population have been unreliable. We improved estimates of numbers of...
Persistence of oiling in mussel beds after the Exxon Valdez oil spill
M.G. Carls, M.M. Babcock, P.M. Harris, G.V. Irvine, J.A. Cusick, S.D. Rice
2001, Marine Environmental Research (51) 167-190
Persistence and weathering of Exxon Valdez oil in intertidal mussel (Mytilus trossulus) beds in Prince William Sound (PWS) and along the Gulf of Alaska was monitored from 1992 to 1995. Beds with significant contamination included most previously oiled areas in PWS, particularly within the Knight Island group and the Kenai Peninsula. In...
Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: Examples from moose and caribou
Merav Ben-David, Einav Shochat, Layne G. Adams
2001, Alces (37) 421-434
Recently, researchers emphasized that patterns of stable isotope ratios observed at the individual level are a result of an interaction between ecological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Isotopic models for herbivores provide additional complications because those mammals consume foods that have high variability in nitrogen concentrations. In addition, distribution of amino...
Habitat use by female caribou: Tradeoffs associated with parturition
Neil L. Barten, R.T. Bowyer, Kurt J. Jenkins
2001, Journal of Wildlife Management (65) 77-92
We compared habitat use, forage characteristics, and group size among preparturient, parturient, and nonparturient female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) during and after the birthing season to test hypotheses involving acquisition of forage and risk of predation. We monitored 39 radiocollared females from the Mentasta caribou herd, Alaska, in 1994 and 40...
Estimates of shorebird populations in North America
R. I. G. Morrison, Robert E. Gill Jr., B. A. Harrington, S. K. Skagen, G. W. Page, C. L. Gratto-Trevor, S. M. Haig
2001, Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service 104
Estimates are presented for the population sizes of 53 species of Nearctic shorebirds occurring regularly in North America, plus four species that breed occasionally. Population estimates range from a few tens to several millions. Overall, population estimates most commonly fall in the range of hundreds of thousands, particularly the low...
Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve
James L. Bodkin, Kimberly A. Kloecker, H.A. Coletti, George G. Esslinger, Daniel H. Monson, Brenda E. Ballachey
2001, Report
No abstract available....
Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling
James L. Bodkin, Kimberly A. Kloecker, George G. Esslinger, Daniel H. Monson, J.D. DeGroot
2001, Report
Following translocations to the outer coast of Southeast Alaska in 1965, sea otters have been expanding their range and increasing in abundance. We began conducting surveys for sea otters in Cross Sound, Icy Strait and Glacier Bay, Alaska in 1994, following initial reports of their presence in Glacier Bay in...
Lithologies of the basement complex (Devonian and older) in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska
Julie A. Dumoulin
David W. Houseknecht, editor(s)
2001, SEPM Core Workshop Notes (21) 201-214
Rocks of the basement complex (Devonian and older) were encountered in at least 30 exploratory wells in the northern part of the NPRA. Fine-grained, variably deformed sedimentary rocks deposited in a slope or basinal setting predominate and include varicolored (mainly red and green) argillite in the Simpson area, dark argillite...
Effects of recent climate warming on caribou habitat and calf survival
Brad Griffith, David C. Douglas, Donald E. Russell, Robert G. White, Thomas R. McCabe, Kenneth R. Whitten
Rhys E. Green, Mike Harley, Mark Spalding, Christoph Zockler, editor(s)
2001, Book chapter, Impacts of climate change on wildlife
Migratory Barren-Ground Caribou Rangifer tarandus granti are the most important subsistence resource for northern indigenous peoples. They are likely to respond to global climatic changes that affect the distribution of their forage resources and the availability of forage through the year. The Porcupine Caribou herd is a large, internationally migratory...
Critical habitat for ovigerous Dungeness crabs
Karen Scheding, Thomas C. Shirley, Charles E. O’Clair, S. James Taggart
Gordon H. Kruse, Nicolas Bez, Anthony Booth, Martin W. Dorn, Susan Hills, Romuald N. Lipcius, Dominique Pelletier, Claude Roy, Stephen J. Smith, David B. Witherell, editor(s)
2001, Conference Paper, Spatial processes and management of marine populations
The Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, supports an important fishery in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, yet there is limited knowledge of ovigerous female brooding locations and brooding behavior. Our earlier research suggests that ovigerous crabs aggregate at the same brooding locations for many years. Within these locations, ovigerous females occur in...
Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies
Daniel H. Monson, C. McCormick, Brenda E. Ballachey
2001, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (32) 181-189
Between 1987 and 1997, we chemically immobilized 597 wild sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Alaska for the collection of biological samples or for surgical instrumentation. One drug-related sea otter fatality occurred during this time. Fentanyl in combination with diazepam produced consistent, smooth inductions with minimal need for supplemental anesthetics during...
Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance
Kim T. Scribner, Margaret R. Petersen, Raymond L. Fields, Sandra L. Talbot, John M. Pearce, Ronald K. Chesser
2001, Evolution (55) 2105-2115
Genetic markers that differ in mode of inheritance and rate of evolution (a sex-linked Z-specific microsatellite locus, five biparentally inherited microsatellite loci, and maternally inherited mitochondrial [mtDNA] sequences) were used to evaluate the degree of spatial genetic structuring at macro- and microgeographic scales, among breeding regions and local nesting populations...
