The role of hybridization in the distribution, conservation and management of aquatic species: Symposium review
John Epifanio, Jennifer L. Nielsen
2001, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries (10) 245-251
This issue of Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries contains six papers addressing several critical aspects of hybridization in fishes and aquatic organisms. Hybridization is a phenomenon long recognized in fishes (Hubbs, 1920, 1955; Schwarz, 1981), as well as in other plant and vertebrate taxa, despite some rather dogmatic proclamations...
Marine Mammals: Sea otters
James L. Bodkin
J. Steele, S. Thorpe, K. Turekian, editor(s)
2001, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences
No abstract available....
Results From a Channel Restoration Project: Hydraulic Design Considerations
K.F. Karle, R.V. Densmore
Hayes D.F.Hayes D.F., editor(s)
2001, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference
Techniques for the hydraulic restoration of placer-mined streams and floodplains were developed in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. The two-year study at Glen Creek focused on a design of stream and floodplain geometry using hydraulic capacity and shear stress equations. Slope and sinuosity values were based on regional relationships....
Predation on waterfowl in arctic tundra and prairie breeding areas: A review
Marsha A. Sovada, R. Michael Anthony, Bruce D.J. Batt
2001, Wildlife Society Bulletin (29) 6-15
Predation is a natural component of waterfowl population biology, but environmental alterations have changed the magnitude and importance of predation on waterfowl breeding areas. We reviewed the status of waterfowl populations, adaptations of waterfowl that minimize impacts of predation, and the impacts of predation on waterfowl populations in 2 major...
Effects of gull predation and weather on survival of emperor goose goslings
Joel A. Schmutz, Bryan F.J. Manly, Christian P. Dau
2001, Journal of Wildlife Management (65) 248-257
Numbers of emperor geese (Chen canagica) have remained depressed since the mid-1980s. Despite increases in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), a primary predator of goslings, little information existed to assess whether recent patterns of gosling survival have been a major factor affecting population dynamics. We used observations of known families of...
Management of Pacific herring closed pound spawn-on-kelp fisheries to optimize fish health and product quality
P.K. Hershberger, N.E. Elder, G.D. Marty, J. Johnson, R. M. Kocan
2001, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (21) 976-981
Use of high densities of newly recruited Pacific herring Clupea pallasi for the closed-pound spawn-on-kelp (PPSOK) fishery in Prince William Sound, Alaska, was associated with increased gamete retention, decreased product quality, and increased prevalence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) relative to the confinement of older cohorts at lower densities. To maximize...
Estimation of brood and nest survival: Comparative methods in the presence of heterogeneity
Bryan F.J. Manly, Joel A. Schmutz
2001, Journal of Wildlife Management (65) 258-270
The Mayfield method has been widely used for estimating survival of nests and young animals, especially when data are collected at irregular observation intervals. However, this method assumes survival is constant throughout the study period, which often ignores biologically relevant variation and may lead to biased survival estimates. We examined...
Seabird tissue archival and monitoring project: Protocol for collecting and banking seabird eggs
Geoff Weston-York, Barbara J. Porter, Rebecca S. Pugh, David G. Roseneau, Kristin S. Simac, Paul R. Becker, Lyman K. Thorsteinson, Stephen A. Wise
2001, Report
Archiving biological and environmental samples for retrospective analysis is a major component of systematic environmental monitoring. The long-term storage of carefully selected, representative samples in an environmental specimen bank is an important complement to the real-time monitoring of the environment. These archived samples permit:The use of subsequently developed innovative analytical...
Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula
Frederic H. Wilson, Florence R. Weber
2001, Report, Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999
Recent mapping and interpretation of Quaternary geologic features has improved our understanding of the interaction between volcanic, glacial, and tectonic activity in the Cold Bay and False Pass 1:250,000-scale quadrangles on the Alaska Peninsula. The glacial and volcanic record of the map area strongly suggests that continental-shelf glaciations and two...
Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999
Robert B. Blodgett, Frederic H. Wilson
2001, Professional Paper 1633
The lower Paleozoic (Silurian and Ordovician) carbonate stratal succession is divided into six unnamed stratigraphic units in the northern part of the Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle of southwestern Alaska. Several of these units have previously been recognized in the McGrath and Medfra quadrangles to the northeast in strata of...
Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska
Stephen S. Talbot, Sandra Looman Talbot, John W. Thomson, Wilfred B. Schofield
2001, The Bryologist (104) 47-58
One hundred thirty-nine taxa of lichens including two lichen parasites are reported from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands in the Bering Sea. Caloplaca lithophila is new to Alaska. Wide-ranging arctic-alpine and boreal species dominate the lichens; a coastal element is moderately represented, while amphi-Beringian species form a minor element....
Critical habitat for ovigerous Dungeness crabs
Karen Scheding, Thomas C. Shirley, Charles E. O’Clair, S. James Taggart
Gordon H. Kruse, Nicolas Bez, Anthony Booth, Martin W. Dorn, Susan Hills, Romuald N. Lipcius, Dominique Pelletier, Claude Roy, Stephen J. Smith, David B. Witherell, editor(s)
2001, Conference Paper, Spatial processes and management of marine populations
The Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, supports an important fishery in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, yet there is limited knowledge of ovigerous female brooding locations and brooding behavior. Our earlier research suggests that ovigerous crabs aggregate at the same brooding locations for many years. Within these locations, ovigerous females occur in...
Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance
Kim T. Scribner, Margaret R. Petersen, Raymond L. Fields, Sandra L. Talbot, John M. Pearce, Ronald K. Chesser
2001, Evolution (55) 2105-2115
Genetic markers that differ in mode of inheritance and rate of evolution (a sex-linked Z-specific microsatellite locus, five biparentally inherited microsatellite loci, and maternally inherited mitochondrial [mtDNA] sequences) were used to evaluate the degree of spatial genetic structuring at macro- and microgeographic scales, among breeding regions and local nesting populations...
Corticosterone facilitates begging and affects resource allocation in the black-legged kittiwake
Alexander S Kitaysky, John C. Wingfield, John F. Piatt
2001, Behavioral Ecology (12) 619-625
Parent black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and their dependent chicks respond to food shortages by increasing circulating levels of corticosterone. To examine the behavioral significance of corticosterone release, we experimentally increased levels of circulating corticosterone in parents and chicks up to the levels observed during food shortages. We found that corticosterone-implanted...
Densities of breeding birds and changes in vegetation in an alaskan boreal forest following a massive disturbance by spruce beetles
Steven M. Matsuoka, Colleen M. Handel, Daniel R. Ruthrauff
2001, Canadian Journal of Zoology (79) 1678-1690
We examined bird and plant communities among forest stands with different levels of spruce mortality following a large outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) in the Copper River Basin, Alaska. Spruce beetles avoided stands with black spruce (Picea mariana) and selectively killed larger diameter white spruce (Picea glauca), thereby...
Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska
Randall L. Zarnke, Jim F. Evermann, Jay M. Ver Hoef, Mark E. McNay, Rodney D. Boertje, Craig L. Gardner, Layne G. Adams, Bruce W. Dale, John W. Burch
2001, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (37) 740-745
Wolves (Canis lupus) were captured in three areas of Interior Alaska (USA). Four hundred twenty-five sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure. Serum antibody prevalence averaged 70% (167/240) during the spring collection period and 25% (46/185) during the autumn...
Stock structure of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska
C.S. Gorbics, James L. Bodkin
2001, Marine Mammal Science (17) 632-647
Sea otters in Alaska are recognized as a single subspecies (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) and currently managed as a single, interbreeding population. However, geographic and behavioral mechanisms undoubrably constrain sea otter movements on much smaller scales. This paper applies the phylogeographic method (Dizon et al. 1992) and considers distribution, population response, phenotype...
Topography and flooding of coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Implications for sea level rise
Torre Jorgenson, Craig R. Ely
2001, Journal of Coastal Research (17) 124-136
We measured surface elevations, stage of annual peak flooding, and sedimentation along 10 toposequences across coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta in western Alaska during 1994-1998 to assess some of the physical processes affecting ecosystem distribution. An ecotype was assigned to each of 566 points, and differences in elevations...
Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh
Amy B. Zacheis, Jerry W. Hupp, Roger W. Ruess
2001, Journal of Ecology (89) 57-71
1. We studied the effects of lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) on two salt marsh plant communities in Cook Inlet, Alaska, a stopover area used during spring migration. From 1995 to 1997 we compared plant species composition and biomass on plots where geese were...
Intraspecific variation in nutrient reserve use during clutch formation by Lesser Scaup
Daniel Esler, J. Barry Grand, Alan D. Afton
2001, The Condor-810
We studied nutrient reserve dynamics of female Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) to identify sources of intraspecific variation in strategies of nutrient acquisition for meeting the high nutritional and energetic costs of egg formation. We collected data from interior Alaska and combined these with data for Lesser Scaup from midcontinent breeding...
Patterns of mammalian species richness and habitat associations in Pennsylvania
Kyle Joly, W.L. Myers
2001, Biological Conservation (99) 253-260
Landscape variables were employed as indices of habitat heterogeneity, fragmentation, and human influence on the environment to characterize constituent units of a 635 km2 grid covering the state of Pennsylvania. Species richness was determined by overlaying the distributions of all 60 terrestrial mammalian species found within the state. All landscape...
Using GIS to analyze animal movements in the marine environment
Philip N. Hooge, William M. Eichenlaub, Elizabeth K. Solomon
Gordon H. Kruse, Nicolas Bez, Anthony Booth, Martin W. Dorn, Susan Hills, Romuald N. Lipcius, Dominique Pelletier, Claude Roy, Stephen J. Smith, David B. Witherell, editor(s)
2001, Conference Paper, Spatial processes and management of marine populations
Advanced methods for analyzing animal movements have been little used in the aquatic research environment compared to the terrestrial. In addition, despite obvious advantages of integrating geographic information systems (GIS) with spatial studies of animal movement behavior, movement analysis tools have not been integrated into GIS for either aquatic or...
Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: Implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic
R. L. Phillips, A. Grantz
2001, Marine Geology (172) 91-115
The composition and distribution of ice-rafted glacial erratics in late Quaternary sediments define the major current systems of the Arctic Ocean and identify two distinct continental sources for the erratics. In the southern Amerasia basin up to 70% of the erratics are dolostones and limestones (the Amerasia suite) that originated...
Effects of color bands on Semipalmated Sandpipers banded at hatch
Jonathan Bart, Daniel S. Battaglia, Nathan R. Senner
2001, Journal of Field Ornithology (72) 521-526
Effects of color bands on adult birds have been investigated in many studies, but much less is known about the effects of bands on birds banded at hatch. We captured Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) chicks at hatch on the Alaskan North Slope and attached 0–3 bands to them. The chicks...
Estimating repeatability of egg size
Paul L. Flint, R.F. Rockwell, J.S. Sedinger
2001, The Auk (118) 500-503
Measures of repeatability have long been used to assess patterns of variation in egg size within and among females. We compared different analytical approaches for estimating repeatability of egg size of Black Brant. Separate estimates of repeatability for eggs of each clutch size and laying sequence number varied from 0.49...
