Laboratory chalcopyrite oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Oxygen and sulfur isotope fractionation
R.S. Thurston, K.W. Mandernack, Wayne C. Shanks III
2010, Chemical Geology (269) 252-261
Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate chalcopyrite oxidation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions in the absence or presence of the bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Experiments were carried out with 3 different oxygen isotope values of water (??18OH2O) so that approach to equilibrium or steady-state isotope fractionation for different starting conditions could...
Ground motion hazard from supershear rupture
D.J. Andrews
2010, Tectonophysics (493) 216-221
An idealized rupture, propagating smoothly near a terminal rupture velocity, radiates energy that is focused into a beam. For rupture velocity less than the S-wave speed, radiated energy is concentrated in a beam of intense fault-normal velocity near the projection of the rupture trace. Although confined to a narrow range...
Population dynamics of the sand shiner (notropis stramineus) in non-wadeable rivers of Iowa
C. D. Smith, T.E. Neebling, M.C. Quist
2010, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (25) 617-626
The sand shiner (Notropis stramineus) is a common cyprinid found throughout the Great Plains region of North America that plays an important ecological role in aquatic systems. This study was conducted to describe population dynamics of sand shiners including age structure, growth, mortality, and recruitment variability in 15 non-wadeable rivers...
Estimating length of avian incubation and nestling stages in afrotropical forest birds from interval-censored nest records
T.R. Stanley, W.D. Newmark
2010, The Auk (127) 79-85
In the East Usambara Mountains in northeast Tanzania, research on the effects of forest fragmentation and disturbance on nest survival in understory birds resulted in the accumulation of 1,002 nest records between 2003 and 2008 for 8 poorly studied species. Because information on the length of the incubation and nestling...
Variation in detection among passive infrared triggered-cameras used in wildlife research
Philip E. Damm, J. Barry Grand, Steven W. Barnett
2010, Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (64) 125-130
Precise and accurate estimates of demographics such as age structure, productivity, and density are necessary in determining habitat and harvest management strategies for wildlife populations. Surveys using automated cameras are becoming an increasingly popular tool for estimating these parameters. However, most camera studies fail to incorporate detection probabilities, leading to...
Gambelia wislizenii (Long-nosed Leopard Lizard). Escape behavior / swimming and floating
Phil A. Medica
2010, Herpetological Review (41) 354-355
No abstract available....
The cleaning of burned and contaminated archaeological maize prior to 87Sr/86Sr analysis
Larry V. Benson, Howard E. Taylor, Terry I. Plowman, David A. Roth, Ronald C. Antweiler
2010, Journal of Archaeological Science (37) 84-91
Accurate trace-metal and strontium-isotope analyses of archaeological corn cobs require that metal contaminants be removed prior to chemical analysis. Archaeological cobs are often coated with construction debris, dust, or soil which contains mineral particles. In addition, most archaeological cobs are partially or completely burned and the burned parts incorporate mineral...
MTBE, TBA, and TAME attenuation in diverse hyporheic zones
James Landmeyer, Paul M. Bradley, D.A. Trego, K.G. Hale, J.E. Haas II
2010, Ground Water (48) 30-41
Groundwater contamination by fuel-related compounds such as the fuel oxygenates methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) presents a significant issue to managers and consumers of groundwater and surface water that receives groundwater discharge. Four sites were investigated on Long Island, New York, characterized by...
Individual and colony-specific wintering areas of Pacific northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis)
Scott A. Hatch, Verena A. Gill, Daniel M. Mulcahy
2010, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (67) 386-400
Seabird mortality associated with longline fishing in the eastern Bering Sea occurs mainly from September to May, with northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) comprising the majority (60%) of the bycatch. Along the west coast of North America, winter dieoffs of fulmars may be increasing in frequency and magnitude, the most severe...
Theory for source-responsive and free-surface film modeling of unsaturated flow
J. R. Nimmo
2010, Vadose Zone Journal (9) 295-306
A new model explicitly incorporates the possibility of rapid response, across significant distance, to substantial water input. It is useful for unsaturated flow processes that are not inherently diffusive, or that do not progress through a series of equilibrium states. The term source-responsive is used to mean that flow responds...
Plant community, primary productivity, and environmental conditions following wetland re-establishment in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California
R. L. Miller, R. Fujii
2010, Wetlands Ecology and Management (18) 1-16
Wetland restoration can mitigate aerobic decomposition of subsided organic soils, as well as re-establish conditions favorable for carbon storage. Rates of carbon storage result from the balance of inputs and losses, both of which are affected by wetland hydrology. We followed the effect of water depth (25 and 55 cm)...
Morphologic dating of fault scarps using airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) data
G.E. Hilley, S. Delong, C. Prentice, K. Blisniuk, J.R. Arrowsmith Jr.
2010, Geophysical Research Letters (37)
Models of fault scarp morphology have been previously used to infer the relative age of different fault scarps in a fault zone using labor-intensive ground surveying. We present a method for automatically extracting scarp morphologic ages within high-resolution digital topography. Scarp degradation is modeled as a diffusive mass transport process...
Housing growth in and near United States protected areas limits their conservation value
V. C. Radeloff, S. I. Stewart, T. J. Hawbaker, U. Gimmi, A.M. Pidgeon, C.H. Flather, R. B. Hammer, D.P. Helmers
2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (107) 940-945
Protected areas are crucial for biodiversity conservation because they provide safe havens for species threatened by land-use change and resulting habitat loss. However, protected areas are only effective when they stop habitat loss within their boundaries, and are connected via corridors to other wild areas. The effectiveness of protected areas...
Seabird databases and the new paradigm for scientific publication and attribution
Scott A. Hatch
2010, Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation (38) 1-6
For more than 300 years, the peer-reviewed journal article has been the principal medium for packaging and delivering scientific data. With new tools for managing digital data, a new paradigm is emerging—one that demands open and direct access to data and that enables and rewards a broad-based approach to scientific...
Using ecological function to develop recovery criteria for depleted species: Sea otters and kelp forests in the Aleutian archipelago
James A. Estes, M. Tim Tinker, James L. Bodkin
2010, Conservation Biology (24) 852-860
Recovery criteria for depleted species or populations normally are based on demographic measures, the goal being to maintain enough individuals over a sufficiently large area to assure a socially tolerable risk of future extinction. Such demographically based recovery criteria may be insufficient to restore the functional roles of strongly interacting...
HiRISE observations of gas sublimation-driven activity in Mars' southern polar regions: III. Models of processes involving translucent ice
Ganna Portyankina, Wojciech J. Markiewicz, Nicolas Thomas, Candice J. Hansen, Moses P. Milazzo
2010, Icarus (205) 311-320
Enigmatic surface features, known as 'spiders', found at high southern martian latitudes, are probably caused by sublimation-driven erosion under the seasonal carbon dioxide ice cap. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) has imaged this terrain in unprecedented details throughout southern spring. It has been postulated...
Decadal-timescale estuarine geomorphic change under future scenarios of climate and sediment supply
N. K. Ganju, D. H. Schoellhamer
2010, Estuaries and Coasts (33) 15-29
Future estuarine geomorphic change, in response to climate change, sea-level rise, and watershed sediment supply, may govern ecological function, navigation, and water quality. We estimated geomorphic changes in Suisun Bay, CA, under four scenarios using a tidal-timescale hydrodynamic/sediment transport model. Computational expense and data needs were reduced using the morphological...
Morbillivirus and Toxoplasma exposure and association with hematological parameters for southern Beaufort Sea polar bears: potential response to infectious agents in a sentinel species
Cassandra M. Kirk, Steven C. Amstrup, Rhonda Swor, Darce Holcomb, Todd M. O'Hara
2010, EcoHealth (7) 321-331
Arctic temperatures are increasing in response to greenhouse gas forcing and polar bears have already responded to changing conditions. Declines in body stature and vital rates have been linked to warming-induced loss of sea-ice. As food webs change and human activities respond to a milder Arctic, exposure of polar bears...
On the specification of structural equation models for ecological systems
James B. Grace, T. Michael Anderson, Han Olff, S.M. Scheiner
2010, Ecological Monographs (80) 67-87
The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) is often motivated by its utility for investigating complex networks of relationships, but also because of its promise as a means of representing theoretical concepts using latent variables. In this paper, we discuss characteristics of ecological theory and some of the challenges for...
Long-term variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations with warmer winters
G.J. McCabe, D.M. Wolock
2010, Climatic Change (99) 141-153
A monthly snow accumulation and melt model is used with gridded monthly temperature and precipitation data for the Northern Hemisphere to generate time series of March snow-covered area (SCA) for the period 1905 through 2002. The time series of estimated SCA for March is verified by comparison with previously published...
Bringing wisents back to the Caucasus Mountains: 70 years of a grand mission
Taras Sipko, Sergei Trepet, Peter J. Gogan, Ivan Mizin
2010, European Bison Conservation Newletter (3) 33-44
We describe the history of mountain wisent restoration in the north-west Caucasus region. We review information on wisent during the 18th and 19th centuries, contemporary regional development and reasons for wisent extirpation. We emphasize the key role of the Kuban Hunting Reserve as a main factor in preserving wisent in...
Early observations on an emerging Great Lakes invader Hemimysis anomala in Lake Ontario
Maureen G. Walsh, Brian F. Lantry, Brent Boscarino, Kelly Bowen, Jocelyn Gerlofsma, Ted Schaner, Richard Back, Jennifer Questel, A. Garry Smythe, Roberta Cap, Michael Goehle, Bryan Young, Marc A. Chalupnicki, James H. Johnson, James E. McKenna
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 499-504
Hemimysis anomala, a Ponto-Caspian littoral mysid, is an emerging Great Lakes invader that was discovered in Lakes Michigan and Ontario in 2006. Similar to the native mysid Mysis diluviana, Hemimysis exhibits a diel vertical migration pattern but generally inhabits shallower and warmer waters than M. diluviana. Because basic information on...
Mercury in the blood and eggs of American kestrels fed methylmercury chloride
John B. French, Richard S. Bennett, Ronald Rossmann
2010, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (29) 2206-2210
American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed diets containing methylmercury chloride (MeHg) at 0, 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, or 5.0 µg/g (dry wt) starting approximately eight weeks before the onset of egg laying. Dietary treatment was terminated after 12 to 14 weeks, and unhatched eggs were collected for Hg analysis. Blood samples...
An approach to quantify sources, seasonal change, and biogeochemical processes affecting metal loading in streams: Facilitating decisions for remediation of mine drainage
B. A. Kimball, R.L. Runkel, K. Walton-Day
2010, Applied Geochemistry (25) 728-740
Historical mining has left complex problems in catchments throughout the world. Land managers are faced with making cost-effective plans to remediate mine influences. Remediation plans are facilitated by spatial mass-loading profiles that indicate the locations of metal mass-loading, seasonal changes, and the extent of biogeochemical processes. Field-scale experiments during both...
Three-dimensional long-period groundmotion simulations in the upper Mississippi embayment
K.A. Macpherson, E.W. Woolery, Z. Wang, P. Liu
2010, Seismological Research Letters (81) 391-405
We employed a 3D velocity model and 3D wave propagation code to simulate long-period ground motions in the upper Mississippi embayment. This region is at risk from large earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) and observational data are sparse, making simulation a valuable tool for predicting the effects...
