Does garbage in diet improve Glaucous Gull reproductive output?
Abby Powell, Emily L. Weiser
2010, Condor (112) 530-538
Anthropogenic subsidies are used by a variety of predators in areas developed for human use or residence. If subsidies promote population growth, these predators can have a negative effect on local prey species. The Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) is an abundant predator in northern Alaska that is believed to benefit...
Population dynamics of the sand shiner (notropis stramineus) in non-wadeable rivers of Iowa
C. D. Smith, T.E. Neebling, M.C. Quist
2010, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (25) 617-626
The sand shiner (Notropis stramineus) is a common cyprinid found throughout the Great Plains region of North America that plays an important ecological role in aquatic systems. This study was conducted to describe population dynamics of sand shiners including age structure, growth, mortality, and recruitment variability in 15 non-wadeable rivers...
Detection probability of cliff-nesting raptors during helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys in western Alaska
T.L. Booms, P.F. Schempf, B. J. McCaffery, M. S. Lindberg, M.R. Fuller
2010, Journal of Raptor Research (44) 175-187
We conducted repeated aerial surveys for breeding cliff-nesting raptors on the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (YDNWR) in western Alaska to estimate detection probabilities of Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus), Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus), and also Common Ravens (Corvus corax). Using the program PRESENCE, we modeled detection histories...
Causes for the decline of suspended-sediment discharge in the Mississippi River system, 1940-2007
R.H. Meade, J. A. Moody
2010, Hydrological Processes (24) 35-49
Before 1900, the Missouri-Mississippi River system transported an estimated 400 million metric tons per year of sediment from the interior of the United States to coastal Louisiana. During the last two decades (1987-2006), this transport has averaged 145 million metric tons per year. The cause for this substantial decrease in...
Environmental drivers of fish functional diversity and composition in the Lower Colorado River Basin
T.K. Pool, J. D. Olden, Joanna B. Whittier, C.P. Paukert
2010, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (67) 1791-1807
Freshwater conservation efforts require an understanding of how natural and anthropogenic factors shape the present-day biogeography of native and non-native species. This knowledge need is especially acute for imperiled native fishes in the highly modified Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB), USA. In the present study we employed both a taxonomic...
Laboratory chalcopyrite oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Oxygen and sulfur isotope fractionation
R.S. Thurston, K.W. Mandernack, Wayne C. Shanks III
2010, Chemical Geology (269) 252-261
Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate chalcopyrite oxidation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions in the absence or presence of the bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Experiments were carried out with 3 different oxygen isotope values of water (??18OH2O) so that approach to equilibrium or steady-state isotope fractionation for different starting conditions could...
Zinc isotopic composition of particulate matter generated during the combustion of coal and coal + tire-derived fuels
D.M. Borrok, R. Giere, M. Ren, E. R. Landa
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 9219-9224
Atmospheric Zn emissions from the burning of coal and tire-derived fuel (TDF) for power generation can be considerable. In an effort to lay the foundation for tracking these contributions, we evaluated the Zn isotopes of coal, a mixture of 95 wt % coal + 5 wt % TDF, and the...
Hematocrit and plasma osmolality values of young-of-year shortnose sturgeon following acute exposures to combinations of salinity and temperature
J.R. Ziegeweid, M.C. Black
2010, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry (36) 963-968
Little is known about the physiological capabilities of young-of-year (YOY) shortnose sturgeon. In this study, plasma osmolality and hematocrit values were measured for YOY shortnose sturgeon following 48-h exposures to 12 different combinations of salinity and temperature. Hematocrit levels varied significantly with temperature and age, and plasma osmolalities varied significantly...
Impact of biological soil crusts and desert plants on soil microfaunal community composition
B.J. Darby, D.A. Neher, J. Belnap
2010, Plant and Soil (328) 421-431
Carbon and nitrogen are supplied by a variety of sources in the desert food web; both vascular and non-vascular plants and cyanobacteria supply carbon, and cyanobacteria and plant-associated rhizosphere bacteria are sources of biological nitrogen fixation. The objective of this study was to compare the relative influence of vascular plants...
Parental investment decisions in response to ambient nest-predation risk versus actual predation on the prior nest
A.D. Chalfoun, T. E. Martin
2010, Condor (112) 701-710
Theory predicts that parents should invest less in dependent offspring with lower reproductive value, such as those with a high risk of predation. Moreover, high predation risk can favor reduced parental activity when such activity attracts nest predators. Yet, the ability of parents to assess ambient nest-predation risk and respond...
Predicting the retreat and migration of tidal forests along the northern Gulf of Mexico under sea-level rise
T.W. Doyle, K. W. Krauss, W.H. Conner, A.S. From
2010, Forest Ecology and Management (259) 770-777
Tidal freshwater forests in coastal regions of the southeastern United States are undergoing dieback and retreat from increasing tidal inundation and saltwater intrusion attributed to climate variability and sea-level rise. In many areas, tidal saltwater forests (mangroves) contrastingly are expanding landward in subtropical coastal reaches succeeding freshwater marsh and forest...
Faunal assemblages and multi-scale habitat patterns in headwater tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River - an unregulated river embedded within a multiple-use landscape
H.H. Welsh, G.R. Hodgson, J.J. Duda, J.M. Emlen
2010, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation (33) 63-87
Headwaters can represent 80% of stream kilometers in a watershed, and they also have unique physical and biological properties that have only recently been recognized for their importance in sustaining healthy functioning stream networks and their ecological services. We sampled 60 headwater tributaries in the South Fork Trinity River, a...
Association of wintering raptors with Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program grasslands in Pennsylvania
A. Wilson, M. Brittingham, G. Grove
2010, Journal of Field Ornithology (81) 361-372
Conservation grasslands can provide valuable habitat resource for breeding songbirds, but their value for wintering raptors has received little attention. We hypothesized that increased availability of grassland habitat through the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) has resulted in an increase or redistribution in numbers of four species of raptors in...
A rain splash transport equation assimilating field and laboratory measurements
T. Dunne, D.V. Malmon, S.M. Mudd
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (115)
Process-based models of hillslope evolution require transport equations relating sediment flux to its major controls. An equation for rain splash transport in the absence of overland flow was constructed by modifying an approach developed by Reeve (1982) and parameterizing it with measurements from single-drop laboratory experiments and simulated rainfall on...
Use of chemosensory cues as repellents for sea lamprey: Potential directions for population management
I. Imre, G.E. Brown, R.A. Bergstedt, R. McDonald
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 790-793
Sea lamprey invaded the Great Lakes in the early 20th century and caused an abrupt decline in the population densities of several native fish species. The integrated management of this invasive species is composed of chemical (lampricide) applications, low-head barrier dams, adult trapping and sterile male release. Recently, there has...
Coal lithotypes before and after saturation with CO2; insights from micro- and mesoporosity, fluidity, and functional group distribution
Maria Mastalerz, A. Drobniak, R. Walker, D. Morse
2010, International Journal of Coal Geology (83) 467-474
Four lithotypes, vitrain, bright clarain, clarain, and fusain, were hand-picked from the core of the Pennsylvanian Springfield Coal Member (Petersburg Formation) in Illinois. These lithotypes were analyzed petrographically and for meso- and micropore characteristics, functional group distribution using FTIR techniques, and fluidity. High-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherm analyses of these lithotypes...
Estimating length of avian incubation and nestling stages in afrotropical forest birds from interval-censored nest records
T.R. Stanley, W.D. Newmark
2010, The Auk (127) 79-85
In the East Usambara Mountains in northeast Tanzania, research on the effects of forest fragmentation and disturbance on nest survival in understory birds resulted in the accumulation of 1,002 nest records between 2003 and 2008 for 8 poorly studied species. Because information on the length of the incubation and nestling...
Morning ambush attacks by black-footed ferrets on emerging prairie dogs
D.A. Eads, E. Biggins, D.S. Jachowski, T.M. Livieri, J.J. Millspaugh, M. Forsberg
2010, Ethology Ecology and Evolution (22) 345-352
Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) often hunt at night, attacking normally diurnal prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) in underground burrow systems. While monitoring black-footed ferrets in South Dakota during morning daylight hours, we observed an adult female ferret ambush a black-tailed prairie dog (C. ludovicianus) emerging from a burrow. On a neighboring...
Active remote sensing of snow using NMM3D/DMRT and comparison with CLPX II airborne data
X. Xu, D. Liang, L. Tsang, K.M. Andreadis, E.G. Josberger, D.P. Lettenmaier, D.W. Cline, S.H. Yueh
2010, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing (3) 689-697
We applied the Numerical Maxwell Model of three-dimensional simulations (NMM3D) in the Dense Media Radiative Theory (DMRT) to calculate backscattering coefficients. The particles' positions are computer-generated and the subsequent Foldy-Lax equations solved numerically. The phase matrix in NMM3D has significant cross-polarization, particularly when the particles are densely packed. The NMM3D...
Ground motion hazard from supershear rupture
D.J. Andrews
2010, Tectonophysics (493) 216-221
An idealized rupture, propagating smoothly near a terminal rupture velocity, radiates energy that is focused into a beam. For rupture velocity less than the S-wave speed, radiated energy is concentrated in a beam of intense fault-normal velocity near the projection of the rupture trace. Although confined to a narrow range...
Coral Ba/Ca records of sediment input to the fringing reef of the southshore of Moloka'i, Hawai'i over the last several decades
N.G. Prouty, M.E. Field, J. D. Stock, S.D. Jupiter, M. McCulloch
2010, Marine Pollution Bulletin (60) 1822-1835
The fringing reef of southern Moloka’i is perceived to be in decline because of land-based pollution. In the absence of historical records of sediment pollution, ratios of coral Ba/Ca were used to test the hypothesis that sedimentation has increased over time. Baseline Ba/Ca ratios co-vary with the abundance of red,...
Characterizing wet slab and glide slab avalanche occurrence along the Going-to-the-Sun Road, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA
Erich H. Peitzsch, Jordy Hendrikx, Daniel B. Fagre, Blase Reardon
2010, Conference Paper, Proceedings: 2010 international snow science workshop
Wet slab and glide slab snow avalanches are dangerous and yet can be particularly difficult to predict. Both wet slab and glide slab avalanches are thought to depend upon free water moving through the snowpack but are driven by different processes. In Glacier National Park, Montana, both types of avalanches...
Geologic controls on thermal maturity patterns in Pennsylvanian coal-bearing rocks in the Appalachian basin
Leslie F. Ruppert, James C. Hower, Robert T. Ryder, Jeffrey R. Levine, Michael H. Trippi, William C. Grady
2010, International Journal of Coal Geology (81) 169-181
Thermal maturation patterns of Pennsylvanian strata in the Appalachian basin were determined by compiling and contouring published and unpublished vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements. VR isograd values range from 0.6% in eastern Ohio and eastern Kentucky (western side of the East Kentucky coal field) to greater than 5.5% in eastern Pennsylvania (Southern Anthracite field,...
No evidence of trophic mismatch for caribou in Greenland
Dennis B. Griffith, Layne G. Adams, David C. Douglas, Christine Cuyler, Robert G. White, Anne Gunn, Donald E. Russell, Raymond D. Cameron
2010, Science
No abstract available....
Ninespine Stickleback Abundance in Lake Michigan Increases After Dreissenid Mussel Invasion
Charles P. Madenjian, David B. Bunnell, Owen T. Gorman
2010, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (139) 11-20
Based on data from our annual lakewide bottom trawl survey of Lake Michigan, we determined that density of ninespine sticklebacks Pungitius pungitius increased from an average of 0.234 kg/ha during 1973–1995 to an average of 1.318 kg/ha during 1996–2007. This greater-than-fivefold increase in density coincided with the dreissenid mussel invasion...
