Integrating GIS-based geologic mapping, LiDAR-based lineament analysis and site specific rock slope data to delineate a zone of existing and potential rock slope instability located along the grandfather mountain window-Linville Falls shear zone contact, Southern Appalachian Mountains, Watauga County, North Carolina
K.A. Gillon, R.M. Wooten, R.L. Latham, A.W. Witt, T.J. Douglas, J.B. Bauer, S.J. Fuemmeler
2009, Conference Paper, 43rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 4th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium
Landslide hazard maps of Watauga County identify >2200 landslides, model debris flow susceptibility, and evaluate a 14km x 0.5km zone of existing and potential rock slope instability (ZEPRSI) near the Town of Boone. The ZEPRSI encompasses west-northwest trending (WNWT) topographic ridges where 14 active/past-active rock/weathered rock slides occur mainly in...
Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization
C. Bouligand, J.M.G. Glen, R.J. Blakely
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
We have revisited the problem of mapping depth to the Curie temperature isotherm from magnetic anomalies in an attempt to provide a measure of crustal temperatures in the western United States. Such methods are based on the estimation of the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources, which is assumed...
Thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments
Douglas D. Cortes, Ana I. Martin, Tae Sup Yun, Franco M. Francisca, J. Carlos Santamarina, Carolyn D. Ruppel
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114) 1-10
A thorough understanding of the thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments is necessary for evaluating phase transformation processes that would accompany energy production from gas hydrate deposits and for estimating regional heat flow based on the observed depth to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. The coexistence of multiple...
Nutrient availability and phytoplankton nutrient limitation across a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition
J.J. Elser, M. Kyle, L. Steuer, K. R. Nydick, Jill Baron
2009, Ecology (90) 3062-3073
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to lakes and watersheds has been increasing steadily due to various anthropogenic activities. Because such anthropogenic N is widely distributed, even lakes relatively removed from direct human disturbance are potentially impacted. However, the effects of increased atmospheric N deposition on lakes are not well documented, We...
Maintaining the competitiveness of the American Fisheries Society journals: An assessment based on influence and cost-effectiveness
David A. Hewitt, Jason S. Link, Dave R. Steinich, David H. Wahl, Martha E. Mather
2009, Fisheries (34) 598-606
Recent changes in the landscape of scientific publishing prompted the Publications Overview Committee of the American Fisheries Society (AFS) to review the Society's portfolio of scientific journals. We evaluated journals based on metrics in two categories: (1) citation-based measures of the influence of a journal on the scientific literature, and...
Experimental study of near-field air entrainment by subsonic volcanic jets
Stephen A. Solovitz, Larry G. Mastin
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114) 1-9
The flow structure in the developing region of a turbulent jet has been examined using particle image velocimetry methods, considering the flow at steady state conditions. The velocity fields were integrated to determine the ratio of the entrained air speed to the jet speed, which was approximately 0.03 for a...
Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas
Larry R. Brown, Thomas F. Cuffney, James F. Coles, Faith A. Fitzpatrick, Gerard McMahon, Jeffrey Steuer, Amanda H. Bell, Jason T. May
2009, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (28) 1051-1069
Studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems have usually focused on single metropolitan areas. Synthesis of the results of such studies have been useful in developing general conceptual models of the effects of urbanization, but the strength of such generalizations is enhanced by applying consistent study designs and...
Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream
R.O. Hall, M. A. Baker, C.D. Arp, B.J. Kocha
2009, Limnology and Oceanography (54) 2128-2142
Nutrient cycling and export in streams and rivers should vary with flow regime, yet most studies of stream nutrient transformation do not include hydrologic variability. We used a stable isotope tracer of nitrogen (15N) to measure nitrate (NO3−) uptake, storage, and export in a mountain stream, Spring Creek, Idaho, U.S.A....
Avian response to early tidal salt marsh restoration at former commercial salt evaporation ponds in San Francisco Bay, California, USA
Nicole D. Athearn, John Y. Takekawa, Joel Shinn
2009, Natural Resources and Environmental Issues (15) 77-86
Restoration of former commercial salt evaporation ponds in the San Francisco Bay estuary is intended to reverse a severe decline (>79%) in tidal salt marshes. San Francisco Bay is a critical migratory stopover site and wintering area for shorebirds and waterfowl, and salt ponds are important high tide roosting and...
After the disaster: The hydrogeomorphic, ecological, and biological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
Jon J. Major, Charlie Crisafulli, John Bishop
2009, Book chapter, Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest
The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused instantaneous landscape disturbance on a grand scale. On 18 May 1980, an ensemble of volcanic processes, including a debris avalanche, a directed pyroclastic density current, voluminous lahars, and widespread tephra fall, abruptly altered landscape hydrology and geomorphology, and created distinctive disturbance zones...
Histopathologic criteria to confirm white-nose syndrome in bats
Carol U. Meteyer, Elizabeth L. Buckles, David S. Blehert, Alan C. Hicks, David E. Green, Valerie I. Shearn-Bochsler, Nancy J. Thomas, Andrea Gargas, Melissa Behr
2009, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (21) 411-414
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a cutaneous fungal disease of hibernating bats associated with a novel Geomyces sp. fungus. Currently, confirmation of WNS requires histopathologic examination. Invasion of living tissue distinguishes this fungal infection from those caused by conventional transmissible dermatophytes. Although fungal hyphae penetrate the connective tissue of glabrous skin...
Cataclysms and controversy: Aspects of the geomorphology of the Columbia River Gorge
Jim O’Connor, Scott Burns
Ian Madin, Rebecca Dorsey, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest
Landslides and floods of lava and water tremendously affected the Columbia River during its long history of transecting the Cascade Volcanic Arc. This field trip touches on aspects of the resulting geology of the scenic Columbia River Gorge, including the river-blocking Bonneville landslide of ~550 years ago and the great...
Transient dwarfism of soil fauna during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
J.J. Smith, S.T. Hasiotis, M. J. Kraus, D.T. Woody
2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (106) 17655-17660
Soil organisms, as recorded by trace fossils in paleosols of the Willwood Formation, Wyoming, show significant body-size reductions and increased abundances during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Paleobotanical, paleopedologic, and oxygen isotope studies indicate high temperatures during the PETM and sharp declines in precipitation compared with late Paleocene estimates. Insect...
Warmwater fish in rivers
Christopher S. Guy, P. J. Braaten, Mark P. Herzog, John Pitlo, R. Scott Rogers
Scott A. Bonar, Wayne A. Hubert, David W. Willis, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes
Large warmwater rivers are complex ecosystems and often contain numerous species and habitats. We loosely define a large river as having a drainage area greater than 50,000 km2 and a stream order great than six. Further, these rivers typically have mean discharges greater than 1,500 m3/s. Channel patterns are highly...
Porites randalli: A new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa
Zac H. Forsman, Charles Birkeland
2009, Zootaxa (2244) 51-59
A new species of scleractinian coral, Porites randalli spec. nov. (Scleractinia, Poritidae), previously known as Porites sp. 2, is described from American Samoa. P. randalli typically forms small pale green colonies that are usually Porites randalli spec. nov. is an example of cryptic diversity; it is a small coral that at first glance can be overlooked or mistaken for a young colony of other...
Many monstrous Missoula floods down channeled scabland and Columbia Valley, Washington
Richard B. Waitt, Roger P. Denlinger, Jim O’Connor
Jim O’Connor, Ian Madin, Rebecca Dorsey, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Volcanoes to vineyards: geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest
The late Wisconsin Missoula floods are Earth's largest known discharges of fresh water. They carved Washington's Channeled Scabland--made famous by J H. Bretz's writings in the 1920s to 1950s--and deposited sporadic huge gravel bars in the Scab-lands and Columbia valley. Since the late 1970s the great floods have been shown...
Shifts in lake N: P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition
J.J. Elser, T. Andersen, Jill Baron, A.-K. Bergstrom, M. Jansson, M. Kyle, K. R. Nydick, L. Steger, D.O. Hessen
2009, Science (326) 835-837
Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in...
Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides
W.H. Schulz, J. W. Kean, G. Wang
2009, Nature Geoscience (2) 863-866
Landslides are among the most hazardous of geological processes, causing thousands of casualties and damage on the order of billions of dollars annually. The movement of most landslides occurs along a discrete shear surface, and is triggered by a reduction in the frictional strength of the surface. Infiltration of water...
Estuarine Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Western Alaska: a Review
Christian E. Zimmerman, Nicola Hillgruber
2009, Book chapter, American Fisheries Society Symposium
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, large declines in numbers of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha returning to the Arctic-YukonKuskokwim (AYK) region (Alaska, USA) illuminated the need for an improved understanding of the variables controlling salmon abundance at all life stages. In addressing questions about...
Heritage strain and diet of wild young of year and yearling lake trout in the main basin of Lake Huron
E.F. Roseman, W. Stott, T. P. O’Brien, S.C. Riley, J.S. Schaeffer
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 620-626
Restoration of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush stocks in Lake Huron is a fish community objective developed to promote sustainable fish communities in the lake. Between 1985 and 2004, 12.65 million lake trout were stocked into Lake Huron representing eight different genetic strains. Collections of bona fide wild fish in USGS...
Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA
Vanessa B. Beauchamp, C. Walz, P.B. Shafroth
2009, Applied Soil Ecology (43) 175-184
Restoration of salt-affected soils is a global concern. In the western United States, restoration of salinized land, particularly in river valleys, often involves control of Tamarix, an introduced species with high salinity tolerance. Revegetation of hydrologically disconnected floodplains and terraces after Tamarix removal is often difficult because of limited knowledge...
Developing consistent Landsat data sets for large area applications: the MRLC 2001 protocol
G. Chander, Chengquan Huang, Limin Yang, Collin G. Homer, C. Larson
2009, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (6) 777-781
One of the major efforts in large area land cover mapping over the last two decades was the completion of two U.S. National Land Cover Data sets (NLCD), developed with nominal 1992 and 2001 Landsat imagery under the auspices of the MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. Following the successful generation...
Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform
Y. Luo, J. Xia, R. D. Miller, Y. Xu, J. Liu, Q. Liu
2009, Geophysical Journal International (179) 254-264
Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is an effective tool for obtaining vertical shear wave profiles from a single non-invasive measurement. One key step of the MASW method is generation of a dispersion image and extraction of a reliable dispersion curve from raw multichannel shot records. Because different Rayleigh-wave...
Identification of hydrated silicate minerals on Mars using MRO-CRISM: Geologic context near Nili Fossae and implications for aqueous alteration
B.L. Ehlmann, J.F. Mustard, G.A. Swayze, R. N. Clark, J.L. Bishop, F. Poulet, D.J. Des Marais, L.H. Roach, R.E. Milliken, J.J. Wray, O. Barnouin-Jha, S.L. Murchie
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
[1] The Noachian terrain west of the Isidis basin hosts a diverse collection of alteration minerals in rocks comprising varied geomorphic units within a 100,000 km2 region in and near the Nili Fossae. Prior investigations in this region by the Observatoire pour l'Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces,...
Hierarchical Bayesian analysis to incorporate age uncertainty in growth curve analysis and estimates of age from length: Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) carcasses
L.K. Schwarz, M.C. Runge
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 1775-1789
Age estimation of individuals is often an integral part of species management research, and a number of ageestimation techniques are commonly employed. Often, the error in these techniques is not quantified or accounted for in other analyses, particularly in growth curve models used to describe physiological responses to environment and...
