Ecological factors regulating brood attendance patterns of the western sandpiper calidris mauri
Daniel R. Ruthrauff, J.N. Keller, D.J. Rizzolo
2009, Ibis (151) 523-534
Parental brood attendance patterns vary greatly among shorebird species. For monogamous calidridine species, biparental care with female-first brood departure is most common. It is believed that adult sandpipers balance potential individual survival costs associated with extended parental care against the benefit gained by their brood of prolonged parental care. These...
Relations between hydrology and velocity of a continuously moving landslide-evidence of pore-pressure feedback regulating landslide motion?
W.H. Schulz, J.P. McKenna, J.D. Kibler, G. Biavati
2009, Landslides (6) 181-190
We measured displacement, pore-water pressure, and climatic conditions for 3 years at the continuously moving Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA. The landslide accelerated when pore-water pressure increased within the landslide body, but this occurred as pore-water pressure decreased along the landslide margin. The decrease probably occurred in response to shear-induced...
Cross-comparison of the IRS-P6 AWiFS sensor with the L5 TM, L7 ETM+, & Terra MODIS sensors
G. Chander, X. Xiong, A. Angal, T. Choi, R. Malla
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
As scientists and decision makers increasingly rely on multiple Earth-observing satellites to address urgent global issues, it is imperative that they can rely on the accuracy of Earth-observing data products. This paper focuses on the crosscomparison of the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS-P6) Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) with the Landsat...
The organic contamination level based on the total soil mass is not a proper index of the soil contamination intensity
H.-W. Hung, Sheng G. Daniel, T.-F. Lin, Y. Su, C. T. Chiou
2009, Environmental Pollution (157) 2928-2932
Concentrations of organic contaminants in common productive soils based on the total soil mass give a misleading account of actual contamination effects. This is attributed to the fact that productive soils are essentially water-saturated, with the result that the soil uptake of organic compounds occurs principally by partition into the...
Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels
Martin A. Stapanian, Patrick M. Kocovsky, Jean V. Adams
2009, Freshwater Biology (54) 1593-1604
1. Non-native mussels have increased water clarity in many lakes and streams in North America and Europe. Diel variation in catchability of some fish species has been linked to visibility during survey trawls (used to measure escapement). 2. Water clarity increased in nearshore areas of western Lake Erie by the...
Geographic relatedness and predictability of Escherichia coli along a peninsular beach complex of Lake Michigan
M.B. Nevers, D.A. Shively, G.T. Kleinheinz, C.M. McDermott, W. Schuster, V. Chomeau, R.L. Whitman
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 2357-2364
To determine more accurately the real-time concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in beach water, predictive modeling has been applied in several locations around the Great Lakes to individual or small groups of similar beaches. Using 24 beaches in Door County, Wisconsin, we attempted to expand predictive models to multiple...
Interannual variation of carbon fluxes from three contrasting evergreen forests: The role of forest dynamics and climate
C.A. Sierra, H.W. Loescher, M. E. Harmon, A.D. Richardson, D.Y. Hollinger, S.S. Perakis
2009, Ecology (90) 2711-2723
Interannual variation of carbon fluxes can be attributed to a number of biotic and abiotic controls that operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Type and frequency of disturbance, forest dynamics, and climate regimes are important sources of variability. Assessing the variability of carbon fluxes from these specific sources can...
Geodetically inferred coseismic and postseismic slip due to the M 5.4 31 October 2007 Alum Rock earthquake
J. R. Murray-Moraleda, R.W. Simpson
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 2784-2800
On 31 October 2007 the M 5.4 Alum Rock earthquake occurred near the junction between the Hayward and Calaveras faults in the San Francisco Bay Area, producing coseismic and postseismic displacements recorded by 10 continuously operating Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments. The cumulative postseismic displacements over the four months following...
Promoting species establishment in a phragmites-dominated great lakes coastal wetland
M.L. Carlson, K.P. Kowalski, D.A. Wilcox
2009, Natural Areas Journal (29) 263-280
This study examined efforts to promote species establishment and maintain diversity in a Phragmites-dominated wetland where primary control measures were underway. A treatment experiment was performed at Crane Creek, a drowned-river-mouth wetland in Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge along the shore of western Lake Erie. Following initial aerial spraying of Phragmites...
Episodes of floods in Mangala Valles, Mars, from the analysis of HRSC, MOC and THEMIS images
A.T. Basilevsky, G. Neukum, S.C. Werner, A. Dumke, S. Van Gasselt, T. Kneissl, W. Zuschneid, D. Rommel, L. Wendt, M. Chapman, J.W. Head, R. Greeley
2009, Planetary and Space Science (57) 917-943
The Mangala Valles is a 900-km long outflow channel system in the highlands adjacent to the south-eastern flank of the Tharsis bulge. This work was intended to answer the following two questions unresolved in previous studies: (1) Was there only one source of water (Mangala Fossa at the valley head...
Conversion of sagebrush shrublands to exotic annual grasslands negatively impacts small mammal communities
S.M. Ostoja, E.W. Schupp
2009, Diversity and Distributions (15) 863-870
Aim The exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is fast replacing sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities throughout the Great Basin Desert and nearby regions in the Western United States, impacting native plant communities and altering fire regimes, which contributes to the long-term persistence of this weedy species. The effect of this conversion...
The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub
G.M. Fleming, J.E. Diffendorfer, P.H. Zedler
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 2210-2227
Many ecosystems of conservation concern require some level of disturbance to sustain their species composition and ecological function. However, inappropriate disturbance regimes could favor invasion or expansion of exotic species. In southern California coastal sage scrub (CSS) fire is a natural disturbance, but because of human influence, frequencies may now...
Martian mud volcanism: Terrestrial analogs and implications for formational scenarios
James A. Skinner, A. Mazzini
2009, Marine and Petroleum Geology (26) 1866-1878
The geology of Mars and the stratigraphic characteristics of its uppermost crust (mega-regolith) suggest that some of the pervasively-occurring pitted cones, mounds, and flows may have formed through processes akin to terrestrial mud volcanism. A comparison of terrestrial mud volcanism suggests that equivalent Martian processes likely required discrete sedimentary depocenters,...
Contemporaneous deposition of phyllosilicates and sulfates: Using Australian acidic saline lake deposits to describe geochemical variability on Mars
A.M. Baldridge, S.J. Hook, J.K. Crowley, G.M. Marion, J.S. Kargel, J.L. Michalski, B.J. Thomson, Filho C.R. de Souza, N.T. Bridges, A.J. Brown
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
Studies of the origin of the Martian sulfate and phyllosilicate deposits have led to the hypothesis that there was a marked, global-scale change in the Mars environment from circum-neutral pH aqueous alteration in the Noachian to an acidic evaporitic system in the late Noachian to Hesperian. However, terrestrial studies suggest...
Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution
Andrew J. Long, L.D. Putnam
2009, Journal of Hydrology (376) 579-588
Convolution modeling is useful for investigating the temporal distribution of groundwater age based on environmental tracers. The framework of a quasi-transient convolution model that is applicable to two-domain flow in karst aquifers is presented. The model was designed to provide an acceptable level of statistical confidence in parameter estimates when...
Reply to the Comment on "Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey" by D.A. George and P.S. Hill [Marine Geology 254 (2008) 121-128]
D.A. George, P.S. Hill
2009, Marine Geology (264) 262-263
An analysis of concepts presented by George and Hill [George, D.A., Hill, P.S., 2008. Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey. Marine Geology, 254, 121-128.] regarding the depth of the sand-mud transition (hSMT) was performed by Guill??n and Jim??nez [Jorge Guill??n and Jos??...
Reassessment of probabilistic seismic hazard in the Marmara region
Erol Kalkan, Polat Gulkan, Nazan Yilmaz, Mehmet Çelebi
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 2127-2146
In 1999, the eastern coastline of the Marmara region (Turkey) witnessed increased seismic activity on the North Anatolian fault (NAF) system with two damaging earthquakes (M 7.4 Kocaeli and M 7.2 D??zce) that occurred almost three months apart. These events have reduced stress on the western segment of the NAF...
A constant stress-drop model for producing broadband synthetic seismograms: Comparison with the next generation attenuation relations
A. Frankel
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 664-680
Broadband (0.1-20 Hz) synthetic seismograms for finite-fault sources were produced for a model where stress drop is constant with seismic moment to see if they can match the magnitude dependence and distance decay of response spectral amplitudes found in the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) relations recently developed from strong-motion data...
Using simulation to improve wildlife surveys: Wintering mallards in Mississippi, USA
A.T. Pearse, K. J. Reinecke, S.J. Dinsmore, R.M. Kaminski
2009, Wildlife Research (36) 279-288
Wildlife conservation plans generally require reliable data about population abundance and density. Aerial surveys often can provide these data; however, associated costs necessitate designing and conducting surveys efficiently. We developed methods to simulate population distributions of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) wintering in western Mississippi, USA, by combining bird observations from three...
Does sulphate enrichment promote the expansion of Typha domingensis (cattail) in the Florida Everglades?
S. Li, I.A. Mendelssohn, Chen Hao, W. H. Orem
2009, Freshwater Biology (54) 1909-1923
1. The expansion of Typha domingensis into areas once dominated by Cladium jamaicense in the Florida Everglades has been attributed to altered hydrology and phosphorus enrichment, although increased concentrations of sulphate and phosphorus often coincide. The potential importance of hydrogen sulphide produced from sulphate in the expansion of Typha has...
High-resolution hydro- and geo-stratigraphy at Atlantic Coastal Plain drillhole CR-622 (Strat 8)
B.M. Wrege, J. Jeffery Isely
2009, Stratigraphy (6) 79-86
We interpret borehole geophysical logs in conjunction with lithology developed from continuous core to produce high-resolution hydro- and geo-stratigraphic profiles for the drillhole CR-622 (Strat 8) in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The resulting hydrologic and stratigraphic columns show a generalized relation between hydrologic and geologic units. Fresh-water...
Geomorphic applications of stream-gage information
K. E. Juracek, F. A. Fitzpatrick
2009, River Research and Applications (25) 329-347
In the United States, several thousand stream gages provide what typically is the only source of continuous, long-term streamflow and channel-geometry information for the locations being monitored. In this paper, the geomorphic content of stream-gage information, previous and potential applications of stream-gage information in fluvial geomorphic research and various possible...
Comparison of alternative representations of hydraulic-conductivity anisotropy in folded fractured-sedimentary rock: Modeling groundwater flow in the Shenandoah Valley (USA)
R. M. Yager, C.I. Voss, S. Southworth
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 1111-1131
A numerical representation that explicitly represents the generalized three-dimensional anisotropy of folded fractured-sedimentary rocks in a groundwater model best reproduces the salient features of the flow system in the Shenandoah Valley, USA. This conclusion results from a comparison of four alternative representations of anisotropy in which the hydraulic-conductivity tensor...
Co-seismic ruptures of the 12 May 2008, Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan: East-west crustal shortening on oblique, parallel thrusts along the eastern edge of Tibet
J. Liu-Zeng, Z. Zhang, L. Wen, P. Tapponnier, Jielun Sun, X. Xing, G. Hu, Q. Xu, L. Zeng, L. Ding, C. Ji, K.W. Hudnut, J. van der Woerd
2009, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (286) 355-370
The Ms 8.0, Wenchuan earthquake, which devastated the mountainous western rim of the Sichuan basin in central China, produced a surface rupture over 200??km-long with oblique thrust/dextral slip and maximum scarp heights of ~ 10??m. It thus ranks as one of the world's largest continental mega-thrust events in the last...
Uplift and magma intrusion at Long Valley caldera from InSAR and gravity measurements
Pietro Tizzani, Maurizio Battaglia, Giovanni Zeni, Simone Atzori, Paolo Berardino, Riccardo Lanari
2009, Geology (37) 63-66
The Long Valley caldera (California) formed ~760,000 yr ago following the massive eruption of the Bishop Tuff. Postcaldera volcanism in the Long Valley volcanic field includes lava domes as young as 650 yr. The recent geological unrest is characterized by uplift of the resurgent dome in the central section of...
