Evaluation of fast green FCF dye for non-lethal detection of integumental injuries in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Diane G. Elliott, Carla M. Conway, Lynn M. Applegate
2009, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (84) 139-150
A rapid staining procedure for detection of recent skin and fin injuries was tested in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Immersion of anesthetized fish for 1 min in aerated aqueous solutions of the synthetic food dye fast green FCF (Food Green 3) at concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% produced consistent and...
Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions
S. Yi, K. Manies, J. Harden, A. D. McGuire
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
Soil organic layers (OL) play an important role in landatmosphere exchanges of water, energy and carbon in cold environments. The proper implementation of OL in land surface and ecosystem models is important for predicting dynamic responses to climate warming. Based on the analysis of OL samples of black spruce (Picea...
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) and their variability in two other species (Lepisosteus oculatus and L. osseus) of Lepisosteidae
G.R. Moyer, Brian L. Sloss, B.R. Kreiser, K.A. Feldheim
2009, Molecular Ecology Resources (9) 963-966
We report on the isolation of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci from alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), a large-bodied species that has experienced population declines across much of its range. These loci possessed 2-19 alleles and observed heterozygosities of 0-0.974. All loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations, and none exhibited linkage disequilibrium....
Food web topology and parasites in the pelagic zone of a subarctic lake
Per-Arne Amundsen, K. D. Lafferty, R. Knudsen, R. Primicerio, A. Klemetsen, A. M. Kuris
2009, Journal of Animal Ecology (78) 563-572
Parasites permeate trophic webs with their often complex life cycles, but few studies have included parasitism in food web analyses. Here we provide a highly resolved food web from the pelagic zone of a subarctic lake and explore how the incorporation of parasites alters the topology of the web. 2....
Antibody against infectious salmon anaemia virus among feral Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
R. C. Cipriano
2009, ICES Journal of Marine Science (66) 865-870
Archived sera from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that returned to the Penobscot River (Maine), Merrimack River (Massachusetts), and Connecticut River (in Massachusetts) from 1995 to 2002 were analysed for antibodies against infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Up to 60 samples were archived per river...
Anomalous dispersion due to hydrocarbons: The secret of reservoir geophysics?
R.L. Brown
2009, Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) (28) 420-425
When P- and S-waves travel through porous sandstone saturated with hydrocarbons, a bit of magic happens to make the velocities of these waves more frequency-dependent (dispersive) than when the formation is saturated with brine. This article explores the utility of the anomalous dispersion in finding more oil and gas, as...
Dreissenid mussels from the Great Lakes contain elevated thiaminase activity
D. E. Tillitt, S.C. Riley, A.N. Evans, S. J. Nichols, J.L. Zajicek, J. Rinchard, C.A. Richter, C.C. Krueger
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 309-312
We examined thiaminase activity in dreissenid mussels collected at different depths and seasons, and from various locations in Lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Huron. Here we present evidence that two dreissenid mussel species (Dreissena bugensis and D. polymorpha) contain thiaminase activity that is 5-100 fold greater than observed in Great Lakes...
Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild
C.C. Muhlfeld, S.T. Kalinowski, T.E. McMahon, M.L. Taper, S. Painter, R.F. Leary, F.W. Allendorf
2009, Biology Letters (5) 328-331
Human-mediated hybridization is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. How hybridization affects fitness and what level of hybridization is permissible pose difficult conservation questions with little empirical information to guide policy and management decisions. This is particularly true for salmonids, where widespread introgression among non-native and native taxa has...
Stream-network navigation in the U.S. Geological Survey stream stats web application
K. G. Ries, P. A. Steeves, J. D. Guthrie, A. H. Rea, D. W. Stewart
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the international conference on advanced geographic information systems and web services, GEOWS 2009
StreamStats is a U.S. Geological Survey Web-based geographic information systems application developed as a tool for water-resources planning and management, engineering design, and other applications. The primary functionality of StreamStats allows users to obtain drainage-basin boundaries, basin characteristics, and streamflow statistics for gaged and ungaged sites. Recently, tools that allow...
Nonexplosive and explosive magma/wet-sediment interaction during emplacement of Eocene intrusions into Cretaceous to Eocene strata, Trans-Pecos igneous province, West Texas
K.S. Befus, R.E. Hanson, D. P. Miggins, J.A. Breyer, A.B. Busbey
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (181) 155-172
Eocene intrusion of alkaline basaltic to trachyandesitic magmas into unlithified, Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to Eocene fluvial strata in part of the Trans-Pecos igneous province in West Texas produced an array of features recording both nonexplosive and explosive magma/wet-sediment interaction. Intrusive complexes with 40Ar/39Ar dates of ~ 47-46??Ma consist of coherent...
HRSC: High resolution stereo camera
G. Neukum, R. Jaumann, A.T. Basilevsky, A. Dumke, S. Van Gasselt, B. Giese, E. Hauber, J. W. Head III, C. Heipke, N. Hoekzema, H. Hoffmann, R. Greeley, K. Gwinner, R. Kirk, W. Markiewicz, T. B. McCord, G. Michael, Jan-Peter Muller, J.B. Murray, J. Oberst, P. Pinet, R. Pischel, T. Roatsch, F. Scholten, K. Willner
2009, Conference Paper, European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP
The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on Mars Express has delivered a wealth of image data, amounting to over 2.5 TB from the start of the mapping phase in January 2004 to September 2008. In that time, more than a third of Mars was covered at a resolution of 10-20...
Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range
L.L. Kanda, T.K. Fuller, P.R. Sievert, R.L. Kellogg
2009, Ecology (90) 1574-1585
The roles of dispersal and population dynamics in determining species' range boundaries recently have received theoretical attention but little empirical work. Here we provide data on survival, reproduction, and movement for a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) population at a local distributional edge in central Massachusetts (USA). Most juvenile females that...
CHRONOS architecture: Experiences with an open-source services-oriented architecture for geoinformatics
D. Fils, C. Cervato, J. Reed, P. Diver, X. Tang, G. Bohling, D. Greer
2009, Computers & Geosciences (35) 774-782
CHRONOS's purpose is to transform Earth history research by seamlessly integrating stratigraphic databases and tools into a virtual on-line stratigraphic record. In this paper, we describe the various components of CHRONOS's distributed data system, including the encoding of semantic and descriptive data into a service-based architecture. We give examples of...
Testing the importance of auditory detections in avian point counts
J.P. Brewster, T.R. Simons
2009, Journal of Field Ornithology (80) 178-182
Recent advances in the methods used to estimate detection probability during point counts suggest that the detection process is shaped by the types of cues available to observers. For example, models of the detection process based on distance-sampling or time-of-detection methods may yield different results for auditory versus visual cues...
Stimulating a Great Lakes coastal wetland seed bank using portable cofferdams: implications for habitat rehabilitation
K.P. Kowalski, D.A. Wilcox, M.J. Wiley
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 206-214
Coastal wetland seed banks exposed by low lake levels or through management actions fuel the reestablishment of emergent plant assemblages (i.e., wetland habitat) critical to Great Lakes aquatic biota. This project explored the effectiveness of using portable, water-filled cofferdams as a management tool to promote the natural growth of emergent...
Source analysis using regional empirical Green's functions: The 2008 Wells, Nevada, earthquake
C. Mendoza, S. Hartzell
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
We invert three-component, regional broadband waveforms recorded for the 21 February 2008 Wells, Nevada, earthquake using a finite-fault methodology that prescribes subfault responses using eight MW∼4 aftershocks as empirical Green's functions (EGFs) distributed within a 20-km by 21.6-km fault area. The inversion identifies a seismic moment of 6.2 x 1024...
A prelanding assessment of the ice table depth and ground ice characteristics in Martian permafrost at the Phoenix landing site
Michael T. Mellon, William V. Boynton, William C. Feldman, Raymond E. Arvidson, Timothy N. Titus, Joshua L. Bandfield, Nathaniel E. Putzig, H.G. Sizemore
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
We review multiple estimates of the ice table depth at potential Phoenix landing sites and consider the possible state and distribution of subsurface ice. A two-layer model of ice-rich material overlain by ice-free material is consistent with both the observational and theoretical lines of evidence. Results indicate ground ice to...
Seasonal movements and Home-range use by female pronghorns in sagebrush-steppe communities of western South Dakota
C.N. Jacques, J.A. Jenks, R. W. Klaver
2009, Journal of Mammalogy (90) 433-441
Knowledge of seasonal movements by pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) within the easternmost extension of sagebrush-steppe communities is limited. Current hypotheses regarding movement patterns suggest that pronghorns initiate seasonal movements in response to severe winter weather, snowfall patterns, spatial and temporal variation in forage abundance, and availability of water. From January 2002...
Validation of the rupture properties of the 2001 Kunlun, China (Ms = 8.1), earthquake from seismological and geological observations
Yi-Ying Wen, Ma Kuo-Fong, Teh-Ru Alex Song, Walter D. Mooney
2009, Geophysical Journal International (177) 555-570
We determine the finite-fault slip distribution of the 2001 Kunlun earthquake (Ms = 8.1) by inverting teleseismic waveforms, as constrained by geological and remote sensing field observations. The spatial slip distribution along the 400-km-long fault was divided into five segments in accordance with geological observations. Forward modelling of regional surface waves...
Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States
Lisa H. Nowell, Charles G. Crawford, Robert J. Gilliom, Naomi Nakagaki, Wesley W. Stone, Gail Thelin, David M. Wolock
2009, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (28) 1346-1358
Empirical regression models were developed for estimating concentrations of dieldrin, total chlordane, and total DDT in whole fish from U.S. streams. Models were based on pesticide concentrations measured in whole fish at 648 stream sites nationwide (1992-2001) as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Explanatory...
Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China
F. Wang, Q. Cheng, L. Highland, M. Miyajima, Hongfang Wang, C. Yan
2009, Landslides (6) 47-54
The M s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake or "Great Sichuan Earthquake" occurred at 14:28 p.m. local time on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. Damage by earthquake-induced landslides was an important part of the total earthquake damage. This report presents preliminary observations on the Hongyan Resort slide located southwest of...
Using occupancy models of forest breeding birds to prioritize conservation planning
A. A. De Wan, P.J. Sullivan, A.J. Lembo, C.R. Smith, J.C. Maerz, J.P. Lassoie, M. E. Richmond
2009, Biological Conservation (142) 982-991
As urban development continues to encroach on the natural and rural landscape, land-use planners struggle to identify high priority conservation areas for protection. Although knowing where urban-sensitive species may be occurring on the landscape would facilitate conservation planning, research efforts are often not sufficiently designed to make quality predictions at...
Unconventional energy resources: 2007-2008 review
Peter D. Warwick, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Energy Minerals Division
2009, Natural Resources Research (18) 65-83
This paper summarizes five 2007–2008 resource commodity committee reports prepared by the Energy Minerals Division (EMD) of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Current United States and global research and development activities related to gas hydrates, gas shales, geothermal resources, oil sands, and uranium resources are included in this review....
Attempts to identify Clostridium botulinum toxin in milk from three experimentally intoxicated Holstein cows
R.B. Moeller Jr., B. Puschner, R.L. Walker, Tonie E. Rocke, S.R. Smith, J.S. Cullor, A.A. Ardans
2009, Journal of Dairy Science (92) 2529-2533
Three adult lactating Holstein cows were injected in the subcutaneous abdominal vein with 175 ng/kg of body weight of Clostridium botulinum type C toxin (451 cow median toxic doses) to determine if this botulinum toxin crosses the blood–milk barrier. Whole blood (in sodium heparin) and clotted blood serum samples were taken at 0 min,...
Groundwater quality impacts from the land application of treated municipal wastewater in a large karstic spring basin: Chemical and microbiological indicators
B. G. Katz, Dale W. Griffin, J.H. Davis
2009, Science of the Total Environment (407) 2872-2886
Geochemical and microbiological techniques were used to assess water-quality impacts from the land application of treated municipal wastewater in the karstic Wakulla Springs basin in northern Florida. Nitrate-N concentrations have increased from about 0.2 to as high as 1.1??mg/L (milligrams per liter) during the past 30??years in Wakulla Springs, a...
