Impact of sampling strategy on stream load estimates in till landscape of the Midwest
P. Vidon, L.E. Hubbard, E. Soyeux
2009, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (159) 367-379
Accurately estimating various solute loads in streams during storms is critical to accurately determine maximum daily loads for regulatory purposes. This study investigates the impact of sampling strategy on solute load estimates in streams in the US Midwest. Three different solute types (nitrate, magnesium, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) and...
Murres, capelin and ocean climate: Inter-annual associations across a decadal shift
P.M. Regular, F. Shuhood, T. Power, W.A. Montevecchi, G.J. Robertson, D. Ballam, John F. Piatt, B. Nakashima
2009, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (156) 293-302
To ensure energy demands for reproduction are met, it is essential that marine birds breed during periods of peak food availability. We examined associations of the breeding chronology of common murres (Uria aalge) with the timing of the inshore arrival of their primary prey, capelin (Mallotus villosus) from 1980 to...
Measurement of total Zn and Zn isotope ratios by quadrupole ICP-MS for evaluation of Zn uptake in gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
R.E. Wolf, A.S. Todd, S. Brinkman, P. J. Lamothe, K. S. Smith, J. F. Ranville
2009, Talanta (80) 676-684
This study evaluates the potential use of stable zinc isotopes in toxicity studies measuring zinc uptake by the gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The use of stable isotopes in such studies has several advantages over the use of radioisotopes, including cost, ease of handling,...
Measuring discharge with ADCPs: Inferences from synthetic velocity profiles
C.R. Rehmann, D. S. Mueller, K. A. Oberg
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
Synthetic velocity profiles are used to determine guidelines for sampling discharge with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs). The analysis allows the effects of instrument characteristics, sampling parameters, and properties of the flow to be studied systematically. For mid-section measurements, the averaging time required for a single profile measurement always exceeded...
Distribution of melt beneath Mount St Helens and Mount Adams inferred from magnetotelluric data
G.J. Hill, T.G. Caldwell, W. Heise, D.G. Chertkoff, H.M. Bibby, M.K. Burgess, J.P. Cull, Ray A.F. Cas
2009, Nature Geoscience (2) 785-789
Three prominent volcanoes that form part of the Cascade mountain range in Washington State (USA)Mounts StHelens, Adams and Rainierare located on the margins of a mid-crustal zone of high electrical conductivity1,5. Interconnected melt can increase the bulk conductivity of the region containing the melt6,7, which leads us to propose that...
Trace elements in Zn Pb Ag deposits and related stream sediments, Brooks Range Alaska, with implications for Tl as a pathfinder element
G.E. Graham, K.D. Kelley, J. F. Slack, A.E. Koenig
2009, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (9) 19-37
The Zn-Pb-Ag metallogenic province of the western and central Brooks Range, Alaska, contains two distinct but mineralogically similar deposit types: shale-hosted massive sulphide (SHMS) and smaller vein-breccia occurrences. Recent investigations of the Red Dog and Anarraaq SHMS deposits demonstrated that these deposits are characterized by high trace-element concentrations of As,...
Utilization by fishes of the Alviso Island ponds and adjacent waters in south san francisco bay following restoration to tidal influence
M. K. Saiki, F.H. Mejia
2009, California Fish and Game (95) 38-52
Earthen levees of three isolated salt ponds known locally as the Alviso Island Ponds were intentionally breached in March 2006 to allow tidal exchange of the ponds with water from Coyote Creek. The water exchange transformed the previously fishless hypersaline ponds into lower salinity habitats suitable for fish life. This...
The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds
J.T. Julian, J.A. Young, J. W. Jones, C.D. Snyder, C. W. Wright
2009, Journal of Geographical Systems (11) 89-106
We examined whether spatially explicit information improved models that use LiDAR return signal intensity to discriminate in-pond habitat from terrestrial habitat at 24 amphibian breeding ponds. The addition of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to LiDAR return intensity data significantly improved predictive models at all ponds, reduced residual error...
Joint inversion for Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs at SAFOD, Parkfield, California
H. Zhang, C. Thurber, P. Bedrosian
2009, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (10)
We refined the three-dimensional (3-D) Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs models around the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site using a new double-difference (DD) seismic tomography code (tomoDDPS) that simultaneously solves for earthquake locations and all three velocity models using both absolute and differential P, S, and S-P times....
Aquatic toxicity of airfield-pavement deicer materials and implications for airport runoff
S.R. Corsi, S.W. Geis, G. Bowman, G.G. Failey, T.D. Rutter
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 40-46
Concentrations of airfield-pavement deicer materials (PDM) in a study of airport runoff often exceeded levels of concern regarding aquatic toxicity. Toxicity tests on Vibrio fischeri, Pimephales promelas, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (commonly known as Selenastrum capricornutum) were performed with potassium acetate (K-Ac) PDM, sodium formate (Na-For) PDM, and with...
Long-term pair bonds in the Laysan Duck
M.H. Reynolds, J.H. Breeden Jr., M.S. Vekasy, T.M. Ellis
2009, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (121) 187-190
We describe long-term pair bonds in the endangered Laysan Duck (Anas laysanensis), a dabbling duck endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago. Individually marked birds were identified on Laysan Island between 1998 and 2006 (n = 613 marked adults). We recorded pair bonds while observing marked birds, and documented within and between...
Approximation to cutoffs of higher modes of Rayleigh waves for a layered earth model
Y. Xu, J. Xia, R. D. Miller
2009, Pure and Applied Geophysics (166) 339-351
A cutoff defines the long-period termination of a Rayleigh-wave higher mode and, therefore is a key characteristic of higher mode energy relationship to several material properties of the subsurface. Cutoffs have been used to estimate the shear-wave velocity of an underlying half space of a layered earth model. In this...
Characterization of Santa Catarina (Brazil) coal with respect to human health and environmental concerns
L.F.O. Silva, M.L.S. Oliveira, K.M. Boit, R. B. Finkelman
2009, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (31) 475-485
The current paper presents the concentration, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements of 13 coals from south Brazil. The samples were collected in the state of Santa Catarina. Chemical analyses and the high ash yields indicate that all studied coals are rich in mineral matter, with SiO2 and...
Mobility of icy sand packs, with application to Martian permafrost
W.B. Durham, A.V. Pathare, L.A. Stern, H.J. Lenferink
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
[1] The physical state of water on Mars has fundamental ramifications for both climatology and astrobiology. The widespread presence of "softened" Martian landforms (such as impact craters) can be attributed to viscous creep of subsurface ground ice. We present laboratory experiments designed to determine the minimum amount of ice necessary...
Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal
M.K. La Peyre, B. Gossman, Bryan P. Piazza
2009, Estuaries and Coasts (32) 390-402
Artificial sediment enhancement using a thin layer of dredged material has been suggested as a means to increase elevation and create soil conditions conducive to increased marsh structure and function in deteriorating marshes. Using a chronosequence approach, we examined the effects of sediment enhancement in deteriorating marsh and open-water pond...
The impact of climate change on transportation in the gulf coast
M.J. Savonis, V.R. Burkett, J.R. Potter, R. Kafalenos, R. Hyman, K. Leonard
2009, Conference Paper, TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment
Climate affects the design, construction, safety, operations, and maintenance of transportation infrastructure and systems. The prospect of a changing climate raises critical questions regarding how alterations in temperature, precipitation, storm events, and other aspects of the climate could affect the nation's transportation system. This regional assessment of climate change and...
Mapping products of Titan's surface
Katrin Stephan, Ralf Jaumann, Erich Karkoschka, Jason W. Barnes, Martin G. Tomasko, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Lucille Le Corre, Mirjam Langhans, Stephane Le Mouelic, Ralf D. Lorenz, Jason Perry
Robert H. Brown, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Titan from Cassini-Huygens
Remote sensing instruments aboard the Cassini spacecraft have been observed the surface of Titan globally in the infrared and radar wavelength ranges as well as locally by the Huygens instruments revealing a wealth of new morphological features indicating a geologically active surface. We present a summary of mapping products of...
Water quality analysis of groundwater in crystalline basement rocks, Northern Ghana
Y.S. Anku, B. Banoeng-Yakubo, D.K. Asiedu, S.M. Yidana
2009, Environmental Geology (58) 989-997
Hydrochemical data are presented for groundwater samples, collected from fractured aquifers in parts of northern Ghana. The data was collected to assess the groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural use. Results of the study reveal that the pH of the groundwater in the area is slightly acidic to slightly alkaline....
Effects of climate change on soil moisture over China from 1960-2006
Q. Zhu, H. Jiang, J. Liu
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings - 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT 2009
Soil moisture is an important variable in the climate system and it has sensitive impact on the global climate. Obviously it is one of essential components in the climate change study. The Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) is used to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of soil moisture across China...
Isotopic variability of mercury in ore, mine-waste calcine, and leachates of mine-waste calcine from areas mined for mercury
S.J. Stetson, J. E. Gray, R. B. Wanty, D.L. Macalady
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 7331-7336
The isotopic composition of mercury (Hg) was determined in cinnabar ore, mine-waste calcine (retorted ore), and leachates obtained from water leaching experiments of calcine from two large Hg mining districts in the U.S. This study is the first to report significant mass-dependent Hg isotopic fractionation between cinnabar ore and resultant...
Relationship of stream ecological conditions to simulated hydraulic metrics across a gradient of basin urbanization
J. J. Steuer, J. D. Bales, E.M.P. Giddings
2009, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (28) 955-976
The relationships among urbanization, stream hydraulics, and aquatic biology were investigated across a gradient of urbanization in 30 small basins in eastern Wisconsin, USA. Simulation of hydraulic metrics with 1-dimensional unsteady flow models was an effective means for mechanistically coupling the effects of urbanization with stream ecological conditions (i.e., algae,...
Neogene collision and deformation of convergent margins along the backbone of the Americas
Roland E. von Huene, C.R. Ranero
2009, Conference Paper, Memoir of the Geological Society of America
Along Pacific convergent margins of the Americas, high-standing relief on the subducting oceanic plate "collides" with continental slopes and subducts. Features common to many collisions are uplift of the continental margin, accelerated seafloor erosion, accelerated basal subduction erosion, a flat slab, and a lack of active volcanism. Each collision along...
Inputs of fossil carbon from wastewater treatment plants to U.S. Rivers and oceans
D.R. Griffith, R.T. Barnes, P.A. Raymond
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 5647-5651
Every day more than 500 million cubic meters of treated wastewater are discharged into rivers, estuaries, and oceans, an amount slightly less than the average flow of the Danube River. Typically, wastewaters have high organic carbon (OC) concentrations and represent a large fraction of total river flow and a higher...
Use of a nesting platform by Gull-billed Terns and Black Skimmers at the Salton Sea, California
Kathy C. Molina, Mark A. Ricca, A. Keith Miles, Christian Schoneman
2009, Western Birds (40) 267-277
In 2006, we constructed an elevated nesting platform at the Salton Sea, California, and monitored its use by Gull-billed Terns and Black Skimmers over three subsequent breeding seasons. Black Skimmers were the first to colonize the platform with a total of five nests in 2006. In 2007 Gull-billed Terns colonized...
Strategic analysis for the MER Cape Verde approach
Daniel Gaines, Paolo Belluta, Jennifer Herman, Pauline Hwang, Ryan Mukai, Dan Porter, Byron Jones, Eric Wood, John P. Grotzinger, Lauren A. Edgar, Alex Hayes, Trent M. Hare, Steve W. Squyres
2009, Conference Paper, IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has recently completed a two year campaign studying Victoria Crater. The campaign culminated in a close approach of Cape Verde in order to acquire high resolution imagery of the exposed stratigraphy in the cliff face. The close approach to Cape Verde provided significant challenges for...
