Spatial and temporal patterns across an ecological boundary: Allochthonous effects of a young saltwater lake on a desert ecosystem
C.S. Brehme, W.I. Boarman, S.A. Hathaway, A. Herring, L. Lyren, M. Mendelsohn, K. Pease, M. Rahn, C. Rochester, D. Stokes, G. Turschak, Robert N. Fisher
2009, Journal of Arid Environments (73) 811-820
We documented changes in the abundance and composition of terrestrial flora and fauna with respect to distance from the sea edge and timing of large allochthonous inputs from the Salton Sea, California. We found significant effects that were most pronounced within 300 m of the shore, but extended 3 km...
Effects of past logging and grazing on understory plant communities in a montane Colorado forest
P.J. Fornwalt, M. R. Kaufmann, L. S. Huckaby, T.J. Stohlgren
2009, Plant Ecology (203) 99-109
Throughout Pinus ponderosa-Pseudotsuga menziesii forests of the southern Colorado Front Range, USA, intense logging and domestic grazing began at the time of Euro-American settlement in the late 1800s and continued until the early 1900s. We investigated the long-term impacts of these settlement-era activities on understory plant communities by comparing understory...
Regional three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle of northern California
C. Thurber, H. Zhang, T. Brocher, V. Langenheim
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
We present a three-dimensional (3D) tomographic model of the P wave velocity (Vp) structure of northern California. We employed a regional-scale double-difference tomography algorithm that incorporates a finite-difference travel time calculator and spatial smoothing constraints. Arrival times from earthquakes and travel times from controlled-source explosions, recorded at network and/or temporary...
Dielectric properties of lava flows west of Ascraeus Mons, Mars
Lynn M. Carter, Bruce A. Campbell, John W. Holt, Roger J. Phillips, Nathaniel E. Putzig, Stefania Mattei, Roberto Seu, Chris H. Okubo, Anthony F. Egan
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
The SHARAD instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter detects subsurface interfaces beneath lava flow fields northwest of Ascraeus Mons. The interfaces occur in two locations; a northern flow that originates south of Alba Patera, and a southern flow that originates at the rift zone between Ascraeus and Pavonis Montes. The...
Arsenite and ferrous iron oxidation linked to chemolithotrophic denitrification for the immobilization of arsenic in anoxic environments
W. Sun, R. Sierra-Alvarez, L. Milner, R. Oremland, J.A. Field
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 6585-6591
The objective of this study was to explore a bioremediation strategy based on injecting NO3− to support the anoxic oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe(II)) and arsenite (As(III)) in the subsurface as a means to immobilize As in the form of arsenate (As(V)) adsorbed onto biogenic ferric (Fe(III)) (hydr)oxides....
A calibrated, high-resolution goes satellite solar insolation product for a climatology of Florida evapotranspiration
S.J. Paech, J.R. Mecikalski, D. M. Sumner, C.S. Pathak, Q. Wu, S. Islam, T. Sangoyomi
2009, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (45) 1328-1342
Estimates of incoming solar radiation (insolation) from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite observations have been produced for the state of Florida over a 10-year period (1995-2004). These insolation estimates were developed into well-calibrated half-hourly and daily integrated solar insolation fields over the state at 2 km resolution, in addition to a...
Abundance and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in offshore soft sediments in Western Lake Huron, 2001-2007
J. R. P. French III, J.S. Schaeffer, E.F. Roseman, C.S. Kiley, A. Fouilleroux
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 120-127
Invasive species have had major impacts on the Great Lakes. This is especially true of exotic dreissenid mussels which are associated with decreased abundance of native macroinvertebrates and changes in food availability for fish. Beginning in 2001, we added a benthic macroinvertebrate survey to the USGS-Great Lakes Science Center's annual...
Local-scale variability of seepage and hydraulic conductivity in a shallow gravel-bed river
D.O. Rosenberry, J. Pitlick
2009, Hydrological Processes (23) 3306-3318
Seepage rate and direction measured with a seepage metre modified for use in flowing water were greatly variable along a 300-m reach of a shallow, gravel-bed river and depended primarily on the local-scale bed topography. The median value of seepage measured at 24 locations was 24 cm/day, but seepage measured...
Recommendations for control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities
M.L. Kent, S.W. Feist, C. Harper, S. Hoogstraten-Miller, J.M. Law, J. M. Sanchez-Morgado, R.L. Tanguay, G.E. Sanders, J.M. Spitsbergen, Christopher M. Whipps
2009, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology (149) 240-248
Concerns about infectious diseases in fish used for research have risen along with the dramatic increase in the use of fish as models in biomedical research. In addition to acute diseases causing severe morbidity and mortality, underlying chronic conditions that cause low-grade or subclinical infections may confound research results. Here...
Structural evolution of the Ural-Tian Shan junction: A view from Karatau ridge, South Kazakhstan
D.V. Alexeiev, H. E. Cook, V.M. Buvtyshkin, L.Y. Golub
2009, Comptes Rendus - Geoscience (341) 287-297
The deformation history of the Late Palaeozoic Ural-Tian Shan junction is discussed for the example of the Karatau ridge in southern Kazakhstan. Three deformation events are recognized. The Late Carboniferous D1 event is characterized by Laramide-style thrust-and-fold structures on the southern margin of Kazakhstan with shortening in a NE-SW direction....
Russian eruption warning systems for aviation
Christina A. Neal, Olga Girina, Sergey Senyukov, Alexander Rybin, Jeffery M. Osiensky, Pavel Izbekov, Gail Ferguson
2009, Natural Hazards (51) 245-262
More than 65 potentially active volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kurile Islands pose a substantial threat to aircraft on the Northern Pacific (NOPAC), Russian Trans-East (RTE), and Pacific Organized Track System (PACOTS) air routes. The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) monitors and reports on volcanic hazards to...
Pore-throat sizes in sandstones, tight sandstones, and shales
Philip H. Nelson
2009, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (93) 329-340
Pore-throat sizes in silidclastic rocks form a continuum from the submillimeter to the nanometer scale. That continuum is documented in this article using previously published data on the pore and pore-throat sizes of conventional reservoir rocks, tight-gas sandstones, and shales. For measures of central tendency (mean, mode, median), pore-throat sizes...
Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation
L.G. Mastin, M. Lisowski, E. Roeloffs, N. Beeler
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
The history of dome growth and geodetic deflation during the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens eruption can be fit to theoretical curves with parameters such as reservoir volume, bubble content, initial overpressure, and magma rheology, here assumed to be Newtonian viscous, with or without a solid plug in the conduit center....
Characterizing the oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate sources to aquatic ecosystems
M.B. Young, K. McLaughlin, C. Kendall, W. Stringfellow, M. Rollog, K. Elsbury, E. Donald, A. Paytan
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 5190-5196
The oxygen isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic phosphate (δ18Op) in many aquatic ecosystems is not in isotopic equilibrium with ambient water and, therefore, may reflect the source δ18Op. Identification of phosphate sources to water bodies is critical for designing best management practices for phosphate load reduction to control eutrophication. In...
Measuring discharge with ADCPs: Inferences from synthetic velocity profiles
C.R. Rehmann, D. S. Mueller, K. A. Oberg
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
Synthetic velocity profiles are used to determine guidelines for sampling discharge with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs). The analysis allows the effects of instrument characteristics, sampling parameters, and properties of the flow to be studied systematically. For mid-section measurements, the averaging time required for a single profile measurement always exceeded...
Probability of detection of nests and implications for survey design
P.A. Smith, J. Bart, Richard B. Lanctot, B. J. McCaffery, S. Brown
2009, Condor (111) 414-423
Surveys based on double sampling include a correction for the probability of detection by assuming complete enumeration of birds in an intensively surveyed subsample of plots. To evaluate this assumption, we calculated the probability of detecting active shorebird nests by using information from observers who searched the same plots independently....
Cobble cam: Grain-size measurements of sand to boulder from digital photographs and autocorrelation analyses
J.A. Warrick, D. M. Rubin, P. Ruggiero, J.N. Harney, A.E. Draut, D. Buscombe
2009, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (34) 1811-1821
A new application of the autocorrelation grain size analysis technique for mixed to coarse sediment settings has been investigated. Photographs of sand- to boulder-sized sediment along the Elwha River delta beach were taken from approximately 1??2 m above the ground surface, and detailed grain size measurements were made from 32...
On the reported magnetic precursor of the 1993 guam earthquake
J.N. Thomas, J.J. Love, M.J.S. Johnston, K. Yumoto
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
Using 1-second magnetometer data recorded 67 km from the epicenter of the 1993 Mw 7.7 Guam earthquake, Hayakawa et al. (1996) and Miyahara et al. (1999) identify anomalous precursory changes in ultra-low frequency magnetic polarization (the ratio of vertical to horizontal field components). In a check of their results, we...
Accumulation of iron and arsenic in the Chandina alluvium of the lower delta plain, Southeastern Bangladesh
A. Zahid, M.Q. Hassan, G. N. Breit, K.-D. Balke, M. Flegr
2009, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (31) 69-84
Accumulations of iron, manganese, and arsenic occur in the Chandina alluvium of southeastern Bangladesh within 2.5 m of the ground surface. These distinctive orange-brown horizons are subhorizontal and consistently occur within 1 m of the contact of the aerated (yellow-brown) and water-saturated (gray) sediment. Ferric oxyhydroxide precipitates that define the...
Development of regression models to estimate flow duration statistics at ungaged streams in Oklahoma using a regional approach
R.A. Esralew
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
Multiple-regression analysis was used to develop equations for estimating annual and seasonal flow-duration statistics at ungaged streams in and near Oklahoma that are not substantially affected by human alteration. Ordinary least-squares and left-censored (Tobit) multiple-regression techniques were used to develop equations that relate these statistics, from continuous streamflow data at...
Phosphorus fractionation in sediment cores collected in 2005 before and after onset of an Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom in upper Klamath Lake, OR, USA
N.S. Simon, D. Lynch, T.N. Gallaher
2009, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (204) 139-153
We tested the hypothesis that there would be measurable losses of phosphorus (P) from surficial sediments of Upper Klamath Lake (UKL), Oregon, if sediments were a source of P during an algal bloom. We compared concentrations of total and forms of P at various depths in cores collected before and...
Surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in scavengers of white-tailed deer carcasses in the chronic wasting disease area of wisconsin
C.S. Jennelle, M.D. Samuel, C.A. Nolden, D.P. Keane, D.J. Barr, Chad Johnson, J.P. Vanderloo, Judd M. Aiken, A.N. Hamir, E.A. Hoover
2009, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A (72) 1018-1024
Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a class of neurodegenerative transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) occurring in cervids, is found in a number of states and provinces across North America. Misfolded prions, the infectious agents of CWD, are deposited in the environment via carcass remains and excreta, and pose a threat of cross-species...
The effects of seeding sterile triticale on a native plant community after wildfire in a pinyon pinemountain mahogany woodland
B.A. Waitman, T.M. Draper, T. C. Esque
2009, International Journal of Wildland Fire (18) 659-664
Post-fire seeding with grasses is a common practice for emergency rehabilitation of burned woodlands. However, most post-seeding monitoring does not address consequences to native flora. In November 2004, the US Forest Service hand-seeded triticale (Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus), a sterile wheatrye hybrid, on a small burned area in the...
Comparison of the breeding biology of sympatric red-tailed Hawks, White-tailed Hawks, and Crested Caracaras in south Texas
M.A. Actkinson, W.P. Kuvlesky Jr., C. W. Boal, L.A. Brennan, F. Hernandez
2009, Journal of Raptor Research (43) 50-56
We compared the breeding biology of sympatric nesting Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), White-tailed Hawks (Buteo albicaudatus), and Crested Caracaras (Caracara cheriway) in south Texas during 2003 and 2004. We monitored 46 breeding attempts by Red-tailed Hawks, 56 by White-tailed Hawks, and 27 by Crested Caracaras. Observed nesting success was similar...
Geochemical characterisation of seepage and drainage water quality from two sulphide mine tailings impoundments: Acid mine drainage versus neutral mine drainage
P.M. Heikkinen, M.L. Raisanen, R.H. Johnson
2009, Mine Water and the Environment (28) 30-49
Seepage water and drainage water geochemistry (pH, EC, O2, redox, alkalinity, dissolved cations and trace metals, major anions, total element concentrations) were studied at two active sulphide mine tailings impoundments in Finland (the Hitura Ni mine and Luikonlahti Cu mine/talc processing plant). The data were used to assess the factors...
