Mesohaline submerged aquatic vegetation survey along the U.S. gulf of Mexico coast, 2000: A stratified random approach
J. Carter, J.H. Merino, S.L. Merino
2009, Gulf of Mexico Science (27) 1-8
Estimates of submerged aquatic vegetative (SAV) along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) generally focus on seagrasses. In 2000, we attempted a synoptic survey of SAV in the mesohaline (5–20 ppt) zone of estuarine and nearshore areas of the northeastern Gulf. Areas with SAV were identified from existing aerial 1992...
Numerical simulations and observations of surface wave fields under an extreme tropical cyclone
Y. Fan, I. Ginis, T. Hara, C. W. Wright, E.J. Walsh
2009, Journal of Physical Oceanography (39) 2097-2116
The performance of the wave model WAVEWATCH III under a very strong, category 5, tropical cyclone wind forcing is investigated with different drag coefficient parameterizations and ocean current inputs. The model results are compared with field observations of the surface wave spectra from an airborne scanning radar altimeter, National Data...
Loss of genetic connectivity and diversity in urban microreserves in a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus n. sp. "santa monica")
Amy G. Vandergast, E.A. Lewallen, J. Deas, A.J. Bohonak, D.B. Weissman, Robert N. Fisher
2009, Journal of Insect Conservation (13) 329-345
Microreserves may be useful in protecting native arthropod diversity in urbanized landscapes. However, species that do not disperse through the urban matrix may eventually be lost from these fragments. Population extinctions may be precipitated by an increase in genetic differentiation among fragments and loss of genetic diversity within fragments, and...
Classification of CO2 Geologic Storage: Resource and Capacity
S.M. Frailey, R.J. Finley
2009, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
The use of the term capacity to describe possible geologic storage implies a realistic or likely volume of CO2 to be sequestered. Poor data quantity and quality may lead to very high uncertainty in the storage estimate. Use of the term "storage resource" alleviates the implied certainty of the term...
Sensitivity and resolution of tomographic pumping tests in an alluvial aquifer
Geoffrey C. Bohling
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
Various investigators have proposed hydraulic tomography, the simultaneous analysis of responses to multiple well tests, as a means to obtain a high‐resolution characterization of aquifer flow properties. This study assesses the information content of drawdown records from a set of tomographic pumping tests in an alluvial aquifer, comparing the parameter...
Benthic nutrient sources to hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA
J.S. Kuwabara, B.R. Topping, D. D. Lynch, J.L. Carter, H.I. Essaid
2009, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (28) 516-524
Three collecting trips were coordinated in April, May, and August 2006 to sample the water column and benthos of hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake (OR, USA) through the annual cyanophyte bloom of Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae. A pore‐water profiler was designed and fabricated to obtain the first high‐resolution (centimeter‐scale) estimates of the vertical concentration...
The regional and global significance of nitrogen removal in lakes and reservoirs
J. A. Harrison, R.J. Maranger, Richard B. Alexander, A. E. Giblin, P.-A. Jacinthe, Emilio Mayorga, S.P. Seitzinger, D. J. Sobota, W. M. Wollheim
2009, Biogeochemistry (93) 143-157
Human activities have greatly increased the transport of biologically available nitrogen (N) through watersheds to potentially sensitive coastal ecosystems. Lentic water bodies (lakes and reservoirs) have the potential to act as important sinks for this reactive N as it is transported across the landscape because they offer ideal conditions for...
Premonitory acoustic emissions and stick-slip in natural and smooth-faulted Westerly granite
B.D. Thompson, R.P. Young, David A. Lockner
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114) 1-14
A stick-slip event was induced in a cylindrical sample of Westerly granite containing a preexisting natural fault by loading at constant confining pressure of 150 MPa. Continuously recorded acoustic emission (AE) data and computer tomography (CT)-generated images of the fault plane were combined to provide a detailed examination of microscale...
Investigating different mechanisms for biogenic selenite transformations: Geobacter sulfurreducens, Shewanella oneidensis and Veillonella atypica
C.I. Pearce, R.A.D. Pattrick, N. Law, J.M. Charnock, V.S. Coker, J.W. Fellowes, R.S. Oremland, J.R. Lloyd
2009, Environmental Technology (30) 1313-1326
The metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens, Shewanella oneidensis and Veillonella atypica, use different mechanisms to transform toxic, bioavailable sodium selenite to less toxic, non-mobile elemental selenium and then to selenide in anaerobic environments, offering the potential for in situ and ex situ bioremediation of contaminated soils, sediments, industrial effluents, and agricultural...
Effects of Hurricane Katrina on the forest structure of taxodium distichum swamps of the Gulf Coast, USA
B.A. Middleton
2009, Wetlands (29) 80-87
Hurricane Katrina pushed mixed Taxodium distichum forests toward a dominance of Taxodium distichum (baldcypress) and Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo) because these species had lower levels of susceptibility to wind damage than other woody species. This study documents the volume of dead versus live material of woody trees and shrubs of...
Reply to the comment on "Geochemical gradients in soil O-horizon samples from southern Norway: Natural or anthropogenic?" by Eiliv Steinnes
C. Reimann, P. Englmaier, B. Flem, L. Gough, P. Lamothe, O. Nordgulen, D. Smith
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 2023-2025
[No abstract available]...
Variations in population exposure and sensitivity to lahar hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington
N. Wood, C. Soulard
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (188) 367-378
Although much has been done to understand, quantify, and delineate volcanic hazards, there are fewer efforts to assess societal vulnerability to these hazards, particularly demographic differences in exposed populations or spatial variations in exposure to regional hazards. To better understand population diversity in volcanic hazard zones, we assess the number...
Using the Sonoran Desert test site to monitor the long-term radiometric stability of the Landsat TM/ETM+ and Terra MODIS sensors
A. Angal, X. Xiong, T. Choi, G. Chander, A. Wu
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Pseudo-invariant ground targets have been extensively used to monitor the long-term radiometric calibration stability of remote sensing instruments. The NASA MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST), in collaboration with members from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, has previously demonstrated the use of pseudo-invariant ground...
Diverse lavas from closely spaced volcanoes drawing from a common parent: Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Eastern Aleutian Arc
M. Mangan, T. Miller, C. Waythomas, F. Trusdell, A. Calvert, P. Layer
2009, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (287) 363-372
Emmons Lake Volcanic Center (ELVC) on the lower Alaskan Peninsula is one of the largest and most diverse volcanic centers in the Aleutian Arc. Since the Middle Pleistocene, eruption of ~ 350 km3 of basalt through rhyolite has produced a 30 km, arc front chain of nested calderas and overlapping...
Holocene evolution of Apalachicola Bay, Florida
Lisa E. Osterman, David C. Twichell, Richard Z. Poore
2009, Geo-Marine Letters (29) 395-404
A program of geophysical mapping and vibracoring was conducted to better understand the geologic evolution of Apalachicola Bay. Analyses of the geophysical data and sediment cores along with age control provided by 34 AMS 14C dates on marine shells and wood reveal the following history. As sea level rose in the...
Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level2H-,13C- and15N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry
A. Schimmelmann, A. Albertino, P.E. Sauer, H. Qi, R. Molinie, F. Mesnard
2009, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (23) 3513-3521
Accurate determinations of stable isotope ratios require a calibration using at least two reference materials with different isotopic compositions to anchor the isotopic scale and compensate for differences in machine slope. Ideally, the S values of these reference materials should bracket the isotopic range of samples with unknown S values....
An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic effects of the herbicide clopyralid to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
J.F. Fairchild, A.L. Allert, K.P. Feltz, K.J. Nelson, J.A. Valle
2009, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (57) 725-731
Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a pyridine herbicide frequently used to control invasive, noxious weeds in the northwestern United States. Clopyralid exhibits low acute toxicity to fish, including the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). However, there are no published chronic toxicity...
Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice
Mark S. Udevitz, Chadwick V. Jay, Anthony S. Fischbach, J. L. Garlich-Miller
2009, Canadian Journal of Zoology (87) 1111-1128
Understanding haul-out behavior of ice-associated pinnipeds is essential for designing and interpreting popula-tion surveys and for assessing effects of potential changes in their ice environments. We used satellite-linked transmitters to obtain sequential information about location and haul-out state for Pacific walruses, Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Il-liger, 1815), in the Bering Sea...
Comparing stochastic point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM
D.M. Boore
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 3202-3216
Comparisons of ground motions from two widely used point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulation programs (SMSIM and EXSIM) show that the following simple modifications in EXSIM will produce agreement in the motions from a small earthquake at a large distance for the two programs: (1) base the scaling of high frequencies...
Characterization of phyllosilicates observed in the central Mawrth Vallis region, Mars, their potential formational processes, and implications for past climate
N.K. McKeown, J.L. Bishop, E.Z. Noe Dobrea, B.L. Ehlmann, M. Parente, J.F. Mustard, S.L. Murchie, G.A. Swayze, J.-P. Bibring, E. A. Silver
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
Mawrth Vallis contains one of the largest exposures of phyllosilicates on Mars. Nontronite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, and hydrated silica have been identified throughout the region using data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). In addition, saponite has been identified in one observation within a crater. These individual minerals...
Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests
S.L. Stephens, J.J. Moghaddas, C. Edminster, C.E. Fiedler, S. Haase, M. Harrington, Jon E. Keeley, E. E. Knapp, J.D. Mciver, K. Metlen, C.N. Skinner, A. Youngblood
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 305-320
Abstract. Forest structure and species composition in many western U.S. coniferous forests have been altered through fire exclusion, past and ongoing harvesting practices, and livestock grazing over the 20th century. The effects of these activities have been most pronounced in seasonally dry, low and mid-elevation coniferous forests that once experienced...
Geochemical Modeling of Carbon Sequestration, MMV, and EOR in the Illinois Basin
P.M. Berger, William R. Roy, E. Mehnert
2009, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
The Illinois State Geologic Survey is conducting several ongoing CO2 sequestration projects that require geochemical models to gain an understanding of the processes occurring in the subsurface. The ISGS has collected brine and freshwater samples associated with an enhanced oil recovery project in the Loudon oil field. Geochemical modeling allows...
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for spatially correlated data
Ricardo A. Olea, V. Pawlowsky-Glahn
2009, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (23) 749-757
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is a convenient method for investigating whether two underlying univariate probability distributions can be regarded as undistinguishable from each other or whether an underlying probability distribution differs from a hypothesized distribution. Application of the test requires that the sample be unbiased and the outcomes be independent and...
Spatial and temporal variation in distribution of larval lake whitefish in eastern Lake Ontario: signs of recovery?
J.E. McKenna Jr., J. H. Johnson
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 94-100
The lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) is one of the native Lake Ontario fishes that declined severely over the past century. Recent evidence of larval lake whitefish production in a historic spawning area (Chaumont Bay) might signal a recovery of this species in New York waters. We surveyed coastal and open...
Elevated CO2 enhances biological contributions to elevation change in coastal wetlands by offsetting stressors associated with sea-level rise
J. A. Cherry, K.L. McKee, J.B. Grace
2009, Journal of Ecology (97) 67-77
1. Sea-level rise, one indirect consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2, poses a major challenge to long-term stability of coastal wetlands. An important question is whether direct effects of elevated CO 2 on the capacity of marsh plants to accrete organic material and to maintain surface elevations outweigh indirect negative effects...
