Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts
S. D. McCormick, A. Keyes, K.H. Nislow, M.Y. Monette
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 394-403
We conducted field studies to determine the levels of acid and aluminum (Al) that affect survival, smolt development, ion homeostasis, and stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in restoration streams of the Connecticut River in southern Vermont, USA. Fish were held in cages in five streams encompassing a wide...
Shoreline features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS observations
J. W. Barnes, R. H. Brown, J.M. Soderblom, L.A. Soderblom, R. Jaumann, B. Jackson, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Christophe Sotin, B. J. Buratti, K.M. Pitman, K. H. Baines, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson, E. P. Turtle, J. Perry
2009, Icarus (201) 217-225
We analyze observations of Titan's south polar lake Ontario Lacus obtained by Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer during the 38th flyby of Titan (T38; 2007 December 5). These near-closest-approach observations have the highest signal-to-noise, the finest spatial resolution, and the least atmospheric influence of any near-infrared lake observation to...
Estimating the encounter rate variance in distance sampling
R.M. Fewster, S.T. Buckland, K.P. Burnham, D.L. Borchers, P.E. Jupp, J.L. Laake, L. Thomas
2009, Biometrics (65) 225-236
The dominant source of variance in line transect sampling is usually the encounter rate variance. Systematic survey designs are often used to reduce the true variability among different realizations of the design, but estimating the variance is difficult and estimators typically approximate the variance by treating the design as a...
Simulating hydrologic and hydraulic processes throughout the Amazon River Basin
R.E. Beighley, K.G. Eggert, T. Dunne, Y. He, V. Gummadi, K.L. Verdin
2009, Hydrological Processes (23) 1221-1235
Presented here is a model framework based on a land surface topography that can be represented with various degrees of resolution and capable of providing representative channel/floodplain hydraulic characteristics on a daily to hourly scale. The framework integrates two models: (1) a water balance model (WBM) for the vertical fluxes...
Scaling the effects of moose browsing on forage distribution, from the geometry of plant canopies to landscapes
N. R. De Jager, J. Pastor, A.L. Hodgson
2009, Ecological Monographs (79) 281-297
Landscape heterogeneity influences large herbivores by altering their feeding rates, but as herbivores attempt to maximize feeding rates they also create spatial heterogeneity by altering plant growth. Herbivore feeding rates thus provide a quantitative link between the causes and consequences of spatial heterogeneity in herbivore-dominated ecosystems. The fractal geometry of...
How useful are the "other" semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs); the mini-unit (15.2 cm long)?
Steven L. Goodbred, Wade L. Bryant Jr., Michael R. Rosen, David Alvarez, Terri Spencer
2009, Science of the Total Environment (407) 4149-4156
Mini (15.2 cm) semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were used successfully in 169 streams from six metropolitan areas of the US to sequester hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) that are indicative of urbanization. A microscale assay the P450RGS, which responds to compounds that bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the Fluoroscan,...
Body size and predatory performance in wolves: Is bigger better?
D.R. MacNulty, D.W. Smith, L.D. Mech, L.E. Eberly
2009, Journal of Animal Ecology (78) 532-539
Large body size hinders locomotor performance in ways that may lead to trade-offs in predator foraging ability that limit the net predatory benefit of larger size. For example, size-related improvements in handling prey may come at the expense of pursuing prey and thus negate any enhancement in overall predatory performance...
Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 1. field experiments evaluating plant-relevant soil water behavior
John R. Nimmo, Kim S. Perkins, Kevin M. Schmidt, David M. Miller, Jonathan D. Stock, Kamini Singha
2009, Vadose Zone Journal (8) 480-495
To assess the eff ect of pedogenesis on the soil moisture dynamics infl uencing the character and quality of ecological habitat, we conducted infi ltration and redistribution experiments on three alluvial deposits in the Mojave National Preserve: (i) recently deposited active wash sediments, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age,...
Models of pure CO2 and pure CH4 adsorption on the late paleozoic coals from the Kailuan Coalfield, Hebei, China
S. Dai, B. Zhang, S. Peng, X. Zhang, C. Chou
2009, Acta Geologica Sinica (83) 731-737
Isothermal adsorption experiments of pure CO2 and CH4 on different coals in rank (the No. 11 Coal from the Linnancang Mine and the No. 9 Coal from the Majiagou Mine) from the Kailuan Coalfield of Hebei Province, China, have been studied. Four different models (Langmuir, BET, D-R, and D-A) were...
Estimating nitrogen loading to ground water and assessing vulnerability to nitrate contamination in a large karstic springs Basin, Florida
B. G. Katz, A.A. Sepulveda, R.J. Verdi
2009, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (45) 607-627
A nitrogen (N) mass-balance budget was developed to assess the sources of N affecting increasing ground-water nitrate concentrations in the 960-km 2 karstic Ichetucknee Springs basin. This budget included direct measurements of N species in rainfall, ground water, and spring waters, along with estimates of N loading from fertilizers, septic...
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the whale shark (Rhincodon typus)
D. Ramirez-Macias, K. Shaw, R. Ward, F. Galvan-Magana, R. Vazquez-Juarez
2009, Molecular Ecology Resources (9) 798-800
In preparation for a study on population structure of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), nine species-specific polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers were developed. An initial screening of 50 individuals from Holbox Island, Mexico found all nine loci to be polymorphic, with two to 17 alleles observed per locus. Observed and expected...
Postmortem diagnostic investigation of disease in free-ranging marine turtle populations: A review of common pathologic findings and protocols
Mark Flint, Janet C. Patterson-Kane, C.J. Limpus, Thierry M. Work, David Blair, Paul C. Mills
2009, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (21) 733-759
Over the past few decades, there have been increasing numbers of reports of diseases in marine turtles. Furthermore, in recent years, there have been documented instances of apparently new diseases emerging in these species of which the etiology and/or pathogenesis remain unknown. These instances i) raise concern for the survival...
Improving the design of amphibian surveys using soil data: A case study in two wilderness areas
K.D. Bowen, E.A. Beever, U.B. Gafvert
2009, Natural Areas Journal (29) 117-125
Amphibian populations are known, or thought to be, declining worldwide. Although protected natural areas may act as reservoirs of biological integrity and serve as benchmarks for comparison with unprotected areas, they are not immune from population declines and extinctions and should be monitored. Unfortunately, identifying survey sites and performing long-term...
Bird-like anatomy, posture, and behavior revealed by an early jurassic theropod dinosaur resting trace
Andrew R.C. Milner, J.D. Harris, M.G. Lockley, J.I. Kirkland, N.A. Matthews
2009, PLoS ONE (4)
Background: Fossil tracks made by non-avian theropod dinosaurs commonly reflect the habitual bipedal stance retained in living birds. Only rarely-captured behaviors, such as crouching, might create impressions made by the hands. Such tracks provide valuable information concerning the often poorly understood functional morphology of the early theropod forelimb. Methodology/Principal Findings:...
Estimation of sediment sources using selected chemical tracers in the Perry lake basin, Kansas, USA
K. E. Juracek, A.C. Ziegler
2009, International Journal of Sediment Research (24) 108-125
The ability to achieve meaningful decreases in sediment loads to reservoirs requires a determination of the relative importance of sediment sources within the contributing basins. In an investigation of sources of fine-grained sediment (clay and silt) within the Perry Lake Basin in northeast Kansas, representative samples of channel-bank sources, surface-soil...
On baseline corrections and uncertainty in response spectrafor baseline variations commonly encountered in digital accelerograph records
Sinan Akkar, David M. Boore
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 1671-1690
Most digital accelerograph recordings are plagued by long-period drifts, best seen in the velocity and displacement time series obtained from integration of the acceleration time series. These drifts often result in velocity values that are nonzero near the end of the record. This is clearly unphysical and can lead to...
Climatic extremes improve predictions of spatial patterns of tree species
N.E. Zimmermann, Nigel G. Yoccoz, T.C. Edwards Jr., E.S. Meier, W. Thuiller, Antoine Guisan, D.R. Schmatz, P.B. Pearman
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Understanding niche evolution, dynamics, and the response of species to climate change requires knowledge of the determinants of the environmental niche and species range limits. Mean values of climatic variables are often used in such analyses. In contrast, the increasing frequency of climate extremes suggests the importance of understanding their...
First-order exchange coefficient coupling for simulating surface water-groundwater interactions: Parameter sensitivity and consistency with a physics-based approach
B.A. Ebel, B.B. Mirus, C.S. Heppner, J.E. VanderKwaak, K. Loague
2009, Hydrological Processes (23) 1949-1959
Distributed hydrologic models capable of simulating fully-coupled surface water and groundwater flow are increasingly used to examine problems in the hydrologic sciences. Several techniques are currently available to couple the surface and subsurface; the two most frequently employed approaches are first-order exchange coefficients (a.k.a., the surface conductance method) and enforced...
Rapid measurement of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity for areal characterization
J. R. Nimmo, K. M. Schmidt, K. S. Perkins, J. D. Stock
2009, Vadose Zone Journal (8) 142-149
To provide an improved methodology for characterizing the field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) over broad areas with extreme spatial variability and ordinary limitations of time and resources, we developed and tested a simplified apparatus and procedure, correcting mathematically for the major deficiencies of the simplified implementation. The methodology includes use of...
Anatomy of the dead sea transform from lithospheric to microscopic scale
M. Weber, K. Abu-Ayyash, A. Abueladas, A. Agnon, Z. Alasonati-Tasarova, H. Al-Zubi, A. Babeyko, Y. Bartov, K. Bauer, M. Becken, P. A. Bedrosian, Z. Ben-Avraham, G. Bock, M. Bohnhoff, J. Bribach, P. Dulski, J. Ebbing, R. El-Kelani, A. Forster, H.-J. Forster, U. Frieslander, Z. Garfunkel, H.J. Goetze, V. Haak, C. Haberland, M. Hassouneh, S. Helwig, A. Hofstetter, A. Hoffmann-Rotrie, K.H. Jackel, C. Janssen, D. Jaser, D. Kesten, M. Khatib, R. Kind, O. Koch, I. Koulakov, Gabi Laske, N. Maercklin, R. Masarweh, A. Masri, A. Matar, J. Mechie, N. Meqbel, B. Plessen, P. Moller, A. Mohsen, R. Oberhansli, S. Oreshin, A. Petrunin, I. Qabbani, I. Rabba, O. Ritter, R.L. Romer, G. Rumpker, M. Rybakov, T. Ryberg, J. Saul, F. Scherbaum, S. Schmidt, A. Schulze, S.V. Sobolev, M. Stiller, D. Stromeyer, K. Tarawneh, C. Trela, U. Weckmann, U. Wetzel, K. Wylegalla
2009, Reviews of Geophysics (47)
Fault zones are the locations where motion of tectonic plates, often associated with earthquakes, is accommodated. Despite a rapid increase in the understanding of faults in the last decades, our knowledge of their geometry, petrophysical properties, and controlling processes remains incomplete. The central questions addressed here in our study of...
International importance of the eastern Chukchi Sea as a staging area for migrating king eiders
S. Oppel, D. Lynne. Dickson, A.N. Powell
2009, Polar Biology (32) 775-783
The evaluation of habitats used by arctic birds on migration is crucial for their conservation. We explored the importance of the eastern Chukchi Sea (ECS) as a staging area for king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) migrating between breeding areas in Siberia and western North America and wintering areas in the Bering...
Toward immunogenetic studies of amphibian chytridiomycosis: Linking innate and acquired immunity
J.Q. Richmond, Anna E. Savage, Kelly R. Zamudio, E.B. Rosenblum
2009, BioScience (59) 311-320
Recent declines in amphibian diversity and abundance have contributed significantly to the global loss of biodiversity. The fungal disease chytridiomycosis is widely considered to be a primary cause of these declines, yet the critical question of why amphibian species differ in susceptibility remains unanswered. Considerable evidence links environmental conditions and...
Feather mercury concentrations and physiological condition of great egret and white ibis nestlings in the Florida Everglades
G. Herring, D.E. Gawlik, D.G. Rumbold
2009, Science of the Total Environment (407) 2641-2649
Mercury contamination in the Florida Everglades has reportedly played a role in the recent decline of wading birds, although no studies have identified a mechanism leading to population-level effects. We assessed feather mercury levels in great egret (Ardea alba; n = 91) and white ibis (Eudocimus albus; n = 46)...
Iron solubility driven by speciation in dust sources to the ocean
A.W. Schroth, John Crusius, E.R. Sholkovitz, B.C. Bostick
2009, Nature Geoscience (2) 337-340
Although abundant in the Earths crust, iron is present at trace concentrations in sea water and is a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in approximately 40% of the ocean. Current literature suggests that aerosols are the primary external source of iron to offshore waters, yet controls on iron aerosol solubility remain...
Seamount characteristics and mine-site model applied to exploration- and mining-lease-block selection for cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts
James R. Hein, Tracey A. Conrad, Rachel E. Dunham
2009, Marine Georesources and Geotechnology (27) 160-176
Regulations are being developed through the International Seabed Authority (ISBA) for the exploration and mining of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts. This paper lays out geologic and geomorphologic criteria that can be used to determine the size and number of exploration and mine-site blocks that will be the focus of much discussion...
