A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources
M. J. Focazio, D.W. Kolpin, K.K. Barnes, E. T. Furlong, M. T. Meyer, S.D. Zaugg, L. B. Barber, M.E. Thurman
2008, Science of the Total Environment (402) 201-216
Numerous studies have shown that a variety of manufactured and natural organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals, steroids, surfactants, flame retardants, fragrances, plasticizers and other chemicals often associated with wastewaters have been detected in the vicinity of municipal wastewater discharges and livestock agricultural facilities. To provide new data and insights about...
Soil morphology of a debris flow chronosequence in a coniferous forest, southern California, USA
J.K. Turk, B.R. Goforth, R.C. Graham, K.J. Kendrick
2008, Geoderma (146) 157-165
Soils on a series of debris flow deposits, ranging from < 1 to 244??years old, were described and sampled in order to investigate the early stages of soil development. The parent material at the site is debris flow regolith, composed mainly of gneiss, the soil moisture regime is xeric, and...
Trace-element budgets in the Ohio/Sunbury shales of Kentucky: Constraints on ocean circulation and primary productivity in the Devonian-Mississippian Appalachian Basin
R.B. Perkins, D.Z. Piper, C.E. Mason
2008, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (265) 14-29
The hydrography of the Appalachian Basin in late Devonian-early Mississippian time is modeled based on the geochemistry of black shales and constrained by others' paleogeographic reconstructions. The model supports a robust exchange of basin bottom water with the open ocean, with residence times of less than forty years during deposition...
Citronelle Dome: A giant opportunity for multizone carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery in the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin of Alabama
R.A. Esposito, J.C. Pashin, P.M. Walsh
2008, Environmental Geosciences (15) 53-62
The Citronelle Dome is a giant, salt-cored anticline in the eastern Mississippi Interior Salt Basin of southern Alabama that is located near several large-scale, stationary, carbon-emitting sources in the greater Mobile area. The dome forms an elliptical, four-way structural closure containing opportunities for CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and large-capacity saline...
Population structure of the alligator snapping turtle, macrochelys temminckii, on the western edge of its distribution
J.D. Riedle, P.A. Shipman, S. F. Fox, J.C. Hackler, D.M. Lesie Jr.
2008, Chelonian Conservation and Biology (7) 100-104
A mark-recapture project on Macrochelys temminckii was conducted between 1997 and 2000 at Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge, Muskogee and Sequoyah counties, in eastern Oklahoma. Turtles were captured in all streams and exhibited equal sex ratios, marked sexual-size dimorphism, and population densities between 28 and 34 animals per km stretch of...
Magnetic monitoring of earth and space
Jeffrey J. Love
2008, Physics Today (61) 31-37
For centuries, navigators of the world’s oceans have been familiar with an effect of Earth’s magnetic field: It imparts a directional preference to the needle of a compass. Although in some settings magnetic orientation remains important, the modern science of geomagnetismhas emerged from its romantic nautical origins and developed into a subject of great depth and...
Landscape pattern of seed banks and anthropogenic impacts in forested wetlands of the northern Mississippi River Alluvial Valley
B. Middleton, X.B. Wu
2008, Écoscience (15) 231-240
Agricultural development on floodplains contributes to hydrologic alteration and forest fragmentation, which may alter landscape-level processes. These changes may be related to shifts in the seed bank composition of floodplain wetlands. We examined the patterns of seed bank composition across a floodplain watershed by looking at the number of seeds...
Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range
S.J. Smith, David M. Leslie Jr., M.J. Hamilton, Justin B. Lack, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche
2008, Journal of Mammalogy (89) 799-814
Subspecific affinities, determination of population boundaries, and levels of population connectedness are of critical importance for the development of management and conservation planning. We used variation at a mitochondrial locus and 5 biparentally inherited nuclear loci to determine partitioning of genetic variation of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) within and...
Design and evaluation of a simple signaling device for live traps
F.L. Benevides Jr., H. Hansen, S.C. Hess
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 1434-1436
Frequent checks of live traps require enormous amounts of labor and add human scents associated with repeated monitoring, which may reduce capture efficiency. To reduce efforts and increase efficiency, we developed a trap-signaling device with long-distance reception, durability in adverse weather, and ease of transport, deployment, and use. Modifications from...
Overgrowth of fungi (endolithic hypermycosis) associated with multifocal to diffuse distinct amorphous dark discoloration of corals in the Indo-Pacific
Thierry M. Work, G.S. Aeby, F.G. Stanton, D. Fenner
2008, Coral Reefs (27) 663-663
Coral disease surveys in American Samoa and Hawai‘i revealed colonies with a distinct dark discoloration affecting 20–60% of the colony surface (Fig. 1a). In some cases, tissue loss with algal infiltration was present within discolored areas. On microscopy, these lesions had marked overgrowth of the coral skeleton and...
Permeameter data verify new turbulence process for MODFLOW
Eve L. Kuniansky, Keith J. Halford, W. Barclay Shoemaker
2008, Ground Water (46) 768-771
A sample of Key Largo Limestone from southern Florida exhibited turbulent flow behavior along three orthogonal axes as reported in recently published permeameter experiments. The limestone sample was a cube measuring 0.2 m on edge. The published nonlinear relation between hydraulic gradient and discharge was simulated using the turbulent flow...
Observation and prediction of dynamic ground strains, tilts, and torsions caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake and aftershocks, derived from UPSAR array observations
P. Spudich, Joe B. Fletcher
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1898-1914
The 28 September 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake (Mw 6.0) and four aftershocks (Mw 4.7-5.1) were recorded on 12 accelerograph stations of the U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield seismic array (UPSAR), an array of three-component accelerographs occupying an area of about 1 km2 located 8.8 km from the San Andreas fault. Peak...
Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: Synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature
J.A. Thayer, D.F. Bertram, Scott A. Hatch, M.J. Hipfner, L. Slater, W.J. Sydeman, Y. Watanuki
2008, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (65) 1610-1622
We tested the hypothesis of synchronous interannual changes in forage fish dynamics around the North Pacific Rim. To do this, we sampled forage fish communities using a seabird predator, the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata), at six coastal study sites from Japan to California. We investigated whether take of...
Introduced mammalian predators induce behavioural changes in parental care in an endemic New Zealand bird
M. Massaro, A. Starling-Windhof, J.V. Briskie, T. E. Martin
2008, PLoS ONE (3)
The introduction of predatory mammals to oceanic islands has led to the extension of many birds. Although introduced predators should favour changes that reduce predation risk in surviving bird species, the ability of island birds to respond to such novel changes remains unstudied. We tested whether novel predation risk imposed...
Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin
T. Parsons, C. Ji, E. Kirby
2008, Nature (454) 509-510
On 12 May 2008, the devastating magnitude 7.9 (Wenchuan) earthquake struck the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, collapsing buildings and killing thousands in major cities aligned along the western Sichuan basin in China. After such a large-magnitude earthquake, rearrangement of stresses in the crust commonly leads to subsequent damaging...
Cattail invasion of sedge/grass meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation analysis of sixteen wetlands over five decades
D.A. Wilcox, K.P. Kowalski, H.L. Hoare, M.L. Carlson, H.N. Morgan
2008, Journal of Great Lakes Research (34) 301-323
Photointerpretation studies were conducted to evaluate vegetation changes in wetlands of Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River associated with regulation of water levels since about 1960. The studies used photographs from 16 sites (four each from drowned river mouth, barrier beach, open embayment, and protected embayment wetlands) and...
Real-time PCR detection and quantification of nine potential sources of fecal contamination by analysis of mitochondrial Cytochrome b targets
W. B. Schill, M.V. Mathes
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 5229-5234
We designed and tested real-time PCR probe/primer sets to detect and quantify Cytochrome b sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from nine vertebrate species of pet (dog), farm (cow, chicken, sheep, horse, pig), wildlife (Canada goose, white-tailed deer), and human. Linear ranges of the assays were from 101 to 108 copies/??l....
Persistence of pathogenic prion protein during simulated wastewater treatment processes
G.T. Hinckley, C.J. Johnson, K.H. Jacobson, C. Bartholomay, K.D. Mcmahon, D. McKenzie, Judd M. Aiken, J.A. Pedersen
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 5254-5259
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, prion diseases) are a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting a variety of mammalian species including humans. A misfolded form of the prion protein (PrP TSE) is the major, if not sole, component of the infectious agent. Prions are highly resistant to degradation and to many...
Soil nitrogen accretion along a floodplain terrace chronosequence in northwest Alaska: Influence of the nitrogen-fixing shrub Shepherdia canadensis
Charles Rhoades, Dan Binkley, Hlynur Oskarsson, Robert Stottlemyer
2008, Écoscience (15) 223-230
Nitrogen enters terrestrial ecosystems through multiple pathways during primary succession. We measured accumulation of total soil nitrogen and changes in inorganic nitrogen (N) pools across a 300-y sequence of river terraces in northwest Alaska and assessed the contribution of the nitrogen-fixing shrub Shepherdia canadensis. Our work compared 5 stages of floodplain...
Numerical modeling of higher order magnetic moments in UXO discrimination
V. Sanchez, L. Yaoguo, M.N. Nabighian, D.L. Wright
2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (46) 2568-2583
The surface magnetic anomaly observed in unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance is mainly dipolar, and consequently, the dipole is the only magnetic moment regularly recovered in UXO discrimination. The dipole moment contains information about the intensity of magnetization but lacks information about the shape of the target. In contrast, higher order...
A 2650-year-long record of environmental change from northern Yellowstone National Park based on a comparison of multiple proxy data
C. Whitlock, W. Dean, J. Rosenbaum, L. Stevens, S. Fritz, B. Bracht, M. Power
2008, Quaternary International (188) 126-138
Geochemical, stable-isotope, pollen, charcoal, and diatom records were analyzed at high-resolution in cores obtained from Crevice Lake, a varved-sediment lake in northern Yellowstone National Park. The objective was to reconstruct the ecohydrologic, vegetation, and fire history of the watershed for the last 2650 years to better understand past climate variations...
Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado
R. D. Scherer, E. Muths, B.A. Lambert
2008, Journal of Herpetology (42) 508-517
Understanding the relationships between animal population demography and the abiotic and biotic elements of the environments in which they live is a central objective in population ecology. For example, correlations between weather variables and the probability of survival in populations of temperate zone amphibians may be broadly applicable to several...
Characterization of 13 microsatellite loci for the deep-sea coral, Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus 1758), from the western North Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico
C.L. Morrison, M.S. Eackles, Robin L. Johnson, T.L. King
2008, Molecular Ecology Resources (8) 1037-1039
A suite of 13 polymorphic tri- and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated from the ahermatypic deep-sea coral, Lophelia pertusa. Among 51 individuals collected from three disjunct oceanic regions, allelic diversity ranged from six to 38 alleles and averaged 9.1 alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 9.1 to 96.8% and averaged...
Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan
R. Ikeda, T. Kajiwara, K. Omura, S. Hickman
2008, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (175) 13-19
The objective of the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project (USDP) is not only to reveal the structure and eruption history of the Unzen volcano but also to clarify the ascent and degassing mechanisms of the magma conduit. Conduit drilling (USDP-4) was conducted in 2004, which targeted the magma conduit for the...
Ocean wavenumber estimation from wave-resolving time series imagery
N.G. Plant, K. T. Holland, M.C. Haller
2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (46) 2644-2658
We review several approaches that have been used to estimate ocean surface gravity wavenumbers from wave-resolving remotely sensed image sequences. Two fundamentally different approaches that utilize these data exist. A power spectral density approach identifies wavenumbers where image intensity variance is maximized. Alternatively, a cross-spectral correlation approach identifies wavenumbers where...
