Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: Synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature
J.A. Thayer, D.F. Bertram, Scott A. Hatch, M.J. Hipfner, L. Slater, W.J. Sydeman, Y. Watanuki
2008, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (65) 1610-1622
We tested the hypothesis of synchronous interannual changes in forage fish dynamics around the North Pacific Rim. To do this, we sampled forage fish communities using a seabird predator, the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata), at six coastal study sites from Japan to California. We investigated whether take of...
Introduced mammalian predators induce behavioural changes in parental care in an endemic New Zealand bird
M. Massaro, A. Starling-Windhof, J.V. Briskie, T. E. Martin
2008, PLoS ONE (3)
The introduction of predatory mammals to oceanic islands has led to the extension of many birds. Although introduced predators should favour changes that reduce predation risk in surviving bird species, the ability of island birds to respond to such novel changes remains unstudied. We tested whether novel predation risk imposed...
Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range
S.J. Smith, David M. Leslie Jr., M.J. Hamilton, Justin B. Lack, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche
2008, Journal of Mammalogy (89) 799-814
Subspecific affinities, determination of population boundaries, and levels of population connectedness are of critical importance for the development of management and conservation planning. We used variation at a mitochondrial locus and 5 biparentally inherited nuclear loci to determine partitioning of genetic variation of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) within and...
Observation and prediction of dynamic ground strains, tilts, and torsions caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake and aftershocks, derived from UPSAR array observations
P. Spudich, Joe B. Fletcher
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1898-1914
The 28 September 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake (Mw 6.0) and four aftershocks (Mw 4.7-5.1) were recorded on 12 accelerograph stations of the U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield seismic array (UPSAR), an array of three-component accelerographs occupying an area of about 1 km2 located 8.8 km from the San Andreas fault. Peak...
Global daily reference evapotranspiration modeling and evaluation
G.B. Senay, J. P. Verdin, R. Lietzow, Assefa M. Melesse
2008, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (44) 969-979
Accurate and reliable evapotranspiration (ET) datasets are crucial in regional water and energy balance studies. Due to the complex instrumentation requirements, actual ET values are generally estimated from reference ET values by adjustment factors using coefficients for water stress and vegetation conditions, commonly referred to as crop coefficients. Until recently,...
Associations of multi-decadal sea-surface temperature variability with US drought
G.J. McCabe, J.L. Betancourt, S.T. Gray, M.A. Palecki, H.G. Hidalgo
2008, Quaternary International (188) 31-40
Recent research suggests a link between drought occurrence in the conterminous United States (US) and sea surface temperature (SST) variability in both the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans on decadal to multidecadal (D2M) time scales. Results show that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is the most consistent indicator of...
North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification
Kenneth L. Tanaka, J. Alexis P. Rodriguez, James A. Skinner, Mary C. Bourke, Corey M. Fortezzo, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Eric J. Kolb, Chris Okubo
2008, Icarus (196) 318-358
We have remapped the geology of the north polar plateau on Mars, Planum Boreum, and the surrounding plains of Vastitas Borealis using altimetry and image data along with thematic maps resulting from observations made by the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. New and revised geographic and...
Effects of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on the parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Disruption of seawater tolerance and endocrine status
M.Y. Monette, Bjorn Thrandur Bjornsson, S. D. McCormick
2008, General and Comparative Endocrinology (158) 122-130
Episodic acidification resulting in increased acidity and inorganic aluminum (Ali) is known to interfere with the parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and has been implicated as a possible cause of population decline. To determine the extent and mechanism(s) by which short-term acid/Al exposure compromises smolt development, Atlantic salmon...
Utilization of protein expression profiles as indicators of environmental impairment of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Shenandoah River, Virginia, USA
J. Ripley, L. Iwanowicz, V. Blazer, C. Foran
2008, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (27) 1756-1767
The Shenandoah River (VA, USA), the largest tributary of the Potomac River (MD, USA) and an important source of drinking water, has been the site of extensive fish kills since 2004. Previous investigations indicate environmental stressors may be adversely modulating the immune system of smallmouth bass...
Distribution and variability of redox zones controlling spatial variability of arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, southeastern Arkansas
M.U. Sharif, R.K. Davis, K.F. Steele, B. Kim, P.D. Hays, T.M. Kresse, J.A. Fazio
2008, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (99) 49-67
Twenty one of 118 irrigation water wells in the shallow (25-30??m thick) Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the Bayou Bartholomew watershed, southeastern Arkansas had arsenic (As) concentrations (< 0.5 to 77????g/L) exceeding 10????g/L. Sediment and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from the sites of the highest, median, and...
On developing thermal cave detection techniques for earth, the moon and mars
J. Judson Wynne, Timothy N. Titus, Guillermo Chong Diaz
2008, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (272) 240-250
The purpose of this study is to (1) demonstrate the viability of detecting terrestrial caves at thermal-infrared wavelengths, (2) improve our understanding of terrestrial cave thermal behavior, (3) identify times of day when cave openings have the maximum thermal contrast with the surrounding surface regolith, and (4) further our understanding...
Geochemical evidence for hydroclimatic variability over the last 2460 years from Crevice Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA
L.R. Stevens, W.E. Dean
2008, Quaternary International (188) 139-148
A 2460-year-long hydroclimatic record for Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Montana was constructed from the ??18O values of endogenic carbonates. The ??18O record is compared to the Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices, as well as inferred discharge of the Yellowstone River. During the last...
Host mating system and the spread of a disease-resistant allele in a population
D.L. DeAngelis, Jennifer M. Koslow, J. Jiang, S. Ruan
2008, Theoretical Population Biology (74) 191-198
The model presented here modifies a susceptible-infected (SI) host-pathogen model to determine the influence of mating system on the outcome of a host-pathogen interaction. Both deterministic and stochastic (individual-based) versions of the model were used. This model considers the potential consequences of varying mating systems on the rate of spread...
Patch-reef morphology as a proxy for Holocene sea-level variability, Northern Florida Keys, USA
J. C. Brock, M. Palaseanu-Lovejoy, C. W. Wright, A. Nayegandhi
2008, Coral Reefs (27) 555-568
A portion of the northern Florida Keys reef tract was mapped with the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) and the morphology of patch reefs was related to variations in Holocene sea level. Following creation of a lidar digital elevation model (DEM), geospatial analyses delineated morphologic attributes of 1,034...
Maximizing detection probability of Wetland-dependent birds during point-count surveys in northwestern Florida
C.P. Nadeau, C.J. Conway, B.S. Smith, T.E. Lewis
2008, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (120) 513-518
We conducted 262 call-broadcast point-count surveys (1-6 replicate surveys on each of 62 points) using standardized North American Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols between 31 May and 7 July 2006 on St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge, an island off the northwest coast of Florida. We conducted double-blind multiple-observer surveys, paired morning...
Use of complex hydraulic variables to predict the distribution and density of unionids in a side channel of the Upper Mississippi River
J. J. Steuer, T.J. Newton, S. J. Zigler
2008, Hydrobiologia (610) 67-82
Previous attempts to predict the importance of abiotic and biotic factors to unionids in large rivers have been largely unsuccessful. Many simple physical habitat descriptors (e.g., current velocity, substrate particle size, and water depth) have limited ability to predict unionid density. However, more recent studies have found that complex hydraulic...
The arctic water resource vulnerability index: An integrated assessment tool for community resilience and vulnerability with respect to freshwater
L. Alessa, A. Kliskey, R. Lammers, C. Arp, D. White, L. Hinzman, R. Busey
2008, Environmental Management (42) 523-541
People in the Arctic face uncertainty in their daily lives as they contend with environmental changes at a range of scales from local to global. Freshwater is a critical resource to people, and although water resource indicators have been developed that operate from regional to global scales and for midlatitude...
Size and age distributions of Juvenile Connecticut River American shad above Hadley Falls: Influence on outmigration representation and timing
M. J. O'Donnell, B. H. Letcher
2008, River Research and Applications (24) 929-940
Age- and size-based habitat use and movement patterns of young-of-year American shad in rivers are not well understood. Adult females reach their natal rivers at different times and ascend the river at different rates, which may lead to variation of hatch dates at a single location. Also, shad are serial...
Induced dynamic nonlinear ground response at Gamer Valley, California
Z. Lawrence, P. Bodin, C.A. Langston, F. Pearce, J. Gomberg, P.A. Johnson, F.-Y. Menq, T. Brackman
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1412-1428
We present results from a prototype experiment in which we actively induce, observe, and quantify in situ nonlinear sediment response in the near surface. This experiment was part of a suite of experiments conducted during August 2004 in Garner Valley, California, using a large mobile shaker truck from the Network...
Use of landsat ETM+ SLC-off segment-based gap-filled imagery for crop type mapping
S.K. Maxwell, M.E. Craig
2008, Geocarto International (23) 169-179
Failure of the Scan Line Corrector (SLC) on the Landsat ETM+ sensor has had a major impact on many applications that rely on continuous medium resolution imagery to meet their objectives. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cropland Data Layer (CDL) program uses Landsat imagery as the primary source...
Determining Titan's spin state from Cassini RADAR images
B.W. Stiles, Randolph L. Kirk, R. D. Lorenz, S. Hensley, E. Lee, S.J. Ostro, M.D. Allison, P.S. Callahan, Y. Gim, L. Iess, Del Marmo, G. Hamilton, W.T.K. Johnson, R.D. West
2008, Astronomical Journal (135) 1669-1680
For some 19 areas of Titan's surface, the Cassini RADAR instrument has obtained synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images during two different flybys. The time interval between flybys varies from several weeks to two years. We have used the apparent misregistration (by 10-30 km) of features between separate flybys to construct...
Mangrove production and carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates
S. Bouillon, A.V. Borges, E. Castaneda-Moya, K. Diele, T. Dittmar, N.C. Duke, E. Kristensen, S.-Y. Lee, C. Marchand, J. J. Middelburg, V. H. Rivera-Monroy, T. J. Smith III, R.R. Twilley
2008, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (22)
Mangrove forests are highly productive but globally threatened coastal ecosystems, whose role in the carbon budget of the coastal zone has long been debated. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available data on carbon fluxes in mangrove ecosystems. A reassessment of global mangrove primary production from the literature...
Using bioenergetics modeling to estimate consumption of native juvenile salmonids by nonnative northern pike in the Upper Flathead River System, Montana
C.C. Muhlfeld, D.H. Bennett, Steinhorst R. Kirk, B. Marotz, M. Boyer
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 636-648
Introductions of nonnative northern pike Esox lucius have created recreational fisheries in many waters in the United States and Canada, yet many studies have shown that introduced northern pike may alter the composition and structure of fish communities through predation. We estimated the abundance of nonnative northern pike (2002-2003) and...
Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon
A.G. Lapenis, G.B. Lawrence, S.W. Bailey, B.F. Aparin, A.I. Shiklomanov, N.A. Speranskaya, M.S. Torn, M. Calef
2008, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (22)
During the last several thousand years the semi-arid, cold climate of the Russian steppe formed highly fertile soils rich in organic carbon and calcium (classified as Chernozems in the Russian system). Analysis of archived soil samples collected in Kemannaya Steppe Preserve in 1920, 1947, 1970, and fresh samples collected in...
Rock magnetic characterization of faulted sediments with associated magnetic anomalies in the Albuquerque Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico
M.R. Hudson, V. J. S. Grauch, S.A. Minor
2008, Geological Society of America Bulletin (120) 641-658
Variations in rock magnetic properties are responsible for the many linear, short-wavelength, low-amplitude magnetic anomalies that are spatially associated with faults that cut Neogene basin sediments in the Rio Grande rift, including the San Ysidro normal fault, which is well exposed in the northern part of the Albuquerque Basin. Magnetic-susceptibility...
