Airborne dust plumes lofted by dislodged ice blocks at Russell Crater, Mars
Cynthia L. Dinwiddie, Timothy N. Titus
2021, Geophysical Research Letters (48)
Linear dune gullies on poleward-facing Martian slopes are enigmatic. Formation by CO2-ice block or snow cornice falls has been proposed based on optical imagery of bright, high-albedo features inside gully channels. Because these features often resemble patchy frost residue rather than three-dimensional blocks, more evidence is needed to support the...
Broadening the ecology of fear: Non-lethal effects arise from diverse responses to predation and parasitism
D R Daversa, Ryan F. Hechinger, E Madin, A Fenton, A I Dell, E G Ritchie, Timothy J. Rohrbacher, V H W Rudolf, Kevin D. Lafferty
2021, Proceedings of the Royal Society B (288)
Research on the ‘ecology of fear’ posits that defensive prey responses to avoid predation can cause non-lethal effects across ecological scales. Parasites also elicit defensive responses in hosts with associated non-lethal effects, which raises the longstanding, yet unresolved question of how non-lethal effects of parasites compare with...
Forecasting induced earthquake hazard using a hydromechanical earthquake nucleation model
Justin Rubinstein, Andrew J. Barbour, Jack H Norbeck
2021, Seismological Research Letters (92) 2206-2220
In response to the dramatic increase in earthquake rates in the central United States, the U.S Geological Survey began releasing 1 yr earthquake hazard models for induced earthquakes in 2016. Although these models have been shown to accurately forecast earthquake hazard, they rely purely on earthquake...
Airborne dust plumes lofted by dislodged ice blocks at Russell crater, Mars
Cynthia Dinwiddie, Timothy N. Titus
2021, Geophysical Research Letters (48)
Linear dune gullies on poleward‐facing Martian slopes are enigmatic. Formation by CO2‐ice block or snow cornice falls has been proposed based on optical imagery of bright, high‐albedo features inside gully channels. Because these features often resemble patchy frost residue rather than three‐dimensional blocks, more evidence is needed...
Evaluation of six methods for correcting bias in estimates from ensemble tree machine learning regression model
Kenneth Belitz, Paul E. Stackelberg
2021, Environmental Modeling and Software (139)
Ensemble-tree machine learning (ML) regression models can be prone to systematic bias: small values are overestimated and large values are underestimated. Additional bias can be introduced if the dependent variable is a transform of the original data. Six methods were evaluated for their ability to correct systematic and introduced bias....
Hydrographic and benthic mapping—St. Croix National Scenic Riverway—Osceola landing
Jenny L. Hanson, Jayme Stone
2021, Open-File Report 2020-1149
High-resolution topographic and bathymetric mapping can assist in the analysis of river habitat. The National Park Service has been planning to relocate a boat ramp along the St. Croix River in Minnesota, across the river from the town of Osceola, Wisconsin, to improve visitor safety, improve operations for commercial use,...
Rangeland fractional components across the western United States from 1985 to 2018
Matthew B. Rigge, Collin Homer, Hua Shi, Debbie Meyer, Brett Bunde, Brian J. Granneman, Kory Postma, Patrick Danielson, Adam Case, George Z. Xian
2021, Remote Sensing (13)
Monitoring temporal dynamics of rangelands to detect and understand change in vegetation cover and composition provides a wealth of information to improve management and sustainability. Remote sensing allows the evaluation of both abrupt and gradual rangeland change at unprecedented spatial and temporal extents. Here, we describe the production of the...
Extreme Quaternary plate boundary exhumation and strike slip localized along the southern Fairweather fault, Alaska, USA
Richard O. Lease, Peter J. Haeussler, Robert C. Witter, Daniel F. Stockli, Adrian Bender, Harvey Kelsey, Paul O’Sullivan
2021, Geology (49) 602-606
The Fairweather fault (southeastern Alaska, USA) is Earth’s fastest-slipping intracontinental strike-slip fault, but its long-term role in localizing Yakutat–(Pacific–)North America plate motion is poorly constrained. This plate boundary fault transitions northward from pure strike slip to transpression where it comes onshore and undergoes a <25°, 30-km-long restraining double bend. To...
Local explosion detection and infrasound localization by reverse time migration using 3-D finite-difference wave propagation
David Fee, Liam Toney, Keehoon Kim, Richard Sanderson, Alexandra M. Iezzi, Robin S Matoza, Silvio DeAngelis, Art Jolly, John J. Lyons, Matthew M. Haney
2021, Frontiers in Earth Science (9)
Infrasound data are routinely used to detect and locate volcanic and other explosions, using both arrays and single sensor networks. However, at local distances (<15 km) topography often complicates acoustic propagation, resulting in inaccurate acoustic travel times leading to biased source locations when assuming straight-line propagation. Here we...
Mangrove species’ response to sea-level rise across Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
Kevin J. Buffington, Richard A. MacKenzie, Joel A. Carr, Maybeleen Apwong, Ken W. Krauss, Karen M. Thorne
2021, Open-File Report 2021-1002
Mangrove forests are likely vulnerable to accelerating sea-level rise; however, we lack the tools necessary to understand their future resilience. On the Pacific island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, mangroves are habitat to endangered species and provide critical ecosystem services that support local communities. We developed a generalizable modeling...
Nesting, brood rearing, and summer habitat selection by translocated greater sage‐grouse in North Dakota, USA
Kade D. Lazenby, Peter S. Coates, Shawn T. O’Neil, Michel T. Kohl, David K. Dahlgren
2021, Ecology and Evolution (11) 2741-2760
Human enterprise has led to large‐scale changes in landscapes and altered wildlife population distribution and abundance, necessitating efficient and effective conservation strategies for impacted species. Greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage‐grouse) are a widespread sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) obligate species that has experienced population declines since the mid‐1900s resulting from habitat loss...
Response study of a 51-story-tall Los Angeles, California building inferred from motions of the Mw7.1 July 5, 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake
Mehmet Celebi, Dan Swensen, Hamid Haddadi
2021, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (19) 1797-1814
A 51-story building in downtown Los Angeles that is equipped with a seismic monitoring accelerometric array recorded the Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake of July 5, 2019. The building is a dual-core reinforced-concrete shear-wall and perimeter-column structure with ~ 80% of floors constructed as post-tensioned flat slabs, which makes it a trending design....
Determination of vadose zone and saturated zone nitrate lag times using long-term groundwater monitoring data and statistical machine learning
Martin J. Wells, Troy E. Gilmore, Natalie Nelson, Aaron Mittelstet, J.K. Bohlke
2021, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (25) 811-829
In this study, we explored the use of statistical machine learning and long-term groundwater nitrate monitoring data to estimate vadose zone and saturated zone lag times in an irrigated alluvial agricultural setting. Unlike most previous statistical machine learning studies that sought to predict groundwater nitrate concentrations within aquifers, the focus...
An attention U-Net model for detection of fine-scale hydrologic streamlines
Zewei Xu, Shaowen Wang, Larry Stanislawski, Zhe Jiang, Nattapon Jaroenchai, Arpan Man Sainju, Ethan J. Shavers, E. Lynn Usery, Li Chen, Zhiyu Li, Bin Su
2021, Environmental Modelling & Software (140)
Surface water is an irreplaceable resource for human survival and environmental sustainability. Accurate, finely detailed cartographic representations of hydrologic streamlines are critically important in various scientific domains, such as assessing the quantity and quality of present and future water resources, modeling...
Detecting shrub recovery in sagebrush steppe: Comparing Landsat-derived maps with field data on historical wildfires
Cara Applestein, Matthew J. Germino
2021, Fire Ecology (17)
BackgroundThe need for basic information on spatial distribution and abundance of plant species for research and management in semiarid ecosystems is frequently unmet. This need is particularly acute in the large areas impacted by megafires in sagebrush steppe ecosystems, which require frequently updated information about increases in exotic...
Ungaged inflow and loss patterns in urban and agricultural sub‐reaches of the Logan River Observatory
Hyrum Tennant, Bethany Neilson, Matthew P. Miller, Tianfang Xu
2021, Hydrological Processes (35)
Streams in semi‐arid urban and agricultural environments are often heavily diverted for anthropogenic purposes. However, they simultaneously receive substantial inflows from a variety of ungaged sources including stormwater returns, tile drainage, and irrigation runoff that help sustain flow during dry periods. Due to the inability to...
Documentation of methods and inventory of irrigation information collected for the 2015 U.S. Geological Survey estimated use of water in the United States
Jaime A. Painter, Justin T. Brandt, Rodney R. Caldwell, Jonathan V. Haynes, Amy L. Read
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5139
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Use Science Project strives to report water-use estimates using the best available information for the period of the estimates. The information available on water used for irrigation activities varies from State to State and in some areas from county to county within a State,...
Evolution of fluid transmissivity and strength recovery of shear fractures under hydrothermal conditions
Tamara Nicole Jeppson, David A. Lockner, Brian D. Kilgore, Nicholas M. Beeler, Joshua M. Taron
2021, Conference Paper, Proceedings, 46th Workshop on geothermal reservoir engineering
Geothermal systems rely on the presence of long-lived and high-volume, permeable fracture systems. The creation, reactivation, and sustainability of these systems depend on complex coupling among thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, and chemical (THMC) processes occurring in geothermal reservoirs. In part due to a paucity of experimental data, the evolution of fractures...
Subsurface characterization and machine learning predictions at Brady Hot Springs
Koenraad F. Beckers, Dmitry Duplyakin, Michael J. Martin, Henry E. Johnston, Drew L. Siler
2021, Conference Paper, Proceedings 46th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering
Subsurface data analysis, reservoir modeling, and machine learning (ML) techniques have been applied to the Brady Hot Springs (BHS) geothermal field in Nevada, USA to further characterize the subsurface and assist with optimizing reservoir management. Hundreds of reservoir simulations have been conducted in TETRAD-G and CMG STARS to explore different...
Community attachment and stewardship identity influence responsibility to manage wildlife
Adam C. Landon, David C. Fulton, Amit Pradhananga, Lou Cornicelli, Mae A. Davenport
2021, Society & Natural Resources: An International Journal (34) 571-584
Managing wildlife in landscapes under private ownership requires partnership between landowners, resource users, and governing agencies. Agencies often call on landowners to voluntarily change their practices to achieve collective goals. Landowner support for management action is partially a function of normative beliefs about managing wildlife. Understanding factors that support development...
Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head, water temperature, and chemical constituents in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2014–18
Brian V. Twining, Roy C. Bartholomay, Jason C. Fisher, Calvin Anderson
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2021-5002
Radiochemical and chemical wastewater discharged to infiltration ponds and disposal wells since the early 1950s at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), southeastern Idaho, has affected the water quality of the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer. In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of...
Spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and algae in the Republican River and Milford Lake, Kansas, June through November 2017 and May through November 2018
Brianna M. Leiker, Justin R. Abel, Jennifer L. Graham, Guy M. Foster, Lindsey R. King, Tom C. Stiles, Riley P. Buley
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5135
Milford Lake has been listed as impaired and designated hypereutrophic because of excessive nutrient loading, specifically biologically available orthophosphate. It is the largest lake by surface area in Kansas and is a reservoir built for purposes including water supply and recreation. In 2015, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment...
Opinion: A preferred approach for dealing with reproducibility and replicability in science
James D. Nichols, Madan K. Oli, William L. Kendall, G. Scott Boomer
2021, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (118) 1-5
Science impacts our daily lives and guides national and international policies (1). Thus, results of scientific studies are of paramount importance; yet, there are concerns that many studies are not reproducible or replicable (2). To address these concerns, the National Research Council conducted a Consensus Study [NASEM 2019...
Shade, light, and stream temperature responses to riparian thinning in second-growth redwood forests of northern California
David Roon, Jason B. Dunham, Jeremiah D Groom
2021, PLoS ONE (16)
Resource managers in the Pacific Northwest (USA) actively thin second-growth forests to accelerate the development of late-successional conditions and seek to expand these restoration thinning treatments into riparian zones. Riparian forest thinning, however, may impact stream temperatures–a key water quality parameter often regulated to protect stream habitat and aquatic organisms....
The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mast camera zoom (Mastcam-Z) multispectral, stereoscopic imaging investigation
J. F. Bell III, J. N. Maki, G. L. Mehall, M. A. Ravine, M. A. Caplinger, Z. J. Bailey, S. Brylow, J. A. Schaffner, K. M. Kinch, M. B. Madsen, A. Winhold, A. G. Hayes, P. Corlies, C. Tate, M. Barrington, E. Cisneros, E. Jensen, Katy L. Parise, Kelon Crawford, C. Rojas, L. Mehall, J. Joseph, J. B. Proton, N. Cluff, R. G. Deen, B. Betts, Edward A. Cloutis, A. J. Coates, Anthony Colaprete, K. S. Edgett, B. L. Ehlmann, Sarah A. Fagents, J. P. Grotzinger, C. Hardgrove, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Briony H. N. Horgan, R. Jaumann, J. R. Johnson, M. T. Lemmon, G. Paar, M Caballo-Perucha, S. Gupta, C Traxler, F. Preusker, M. S. Rice, M. S. Robinson, N. Schmitz, R. Sullivan, M. J. Wolff
2021, Space Science Reviews (217)
Mastcam-Z is a multispectral, stereoscopic imaging investigation on the Mars 2020 mission’s Perseverance rover. Mastcam-Z consists of a pair of focusable, 4:1 zoomable cameras that provide broadband red/green/blue and narrowband 400-1000 nm color imaging with fields of view from 25.6° × 19.2° (26 mm focal length at 283 μrad/pixel) to 6.2° × 4.6° (110 mm focal length at 67.4 μrad/pixel). The...
