Tephra-fall deposits from the 1992 eruption of Crater Peak, Alaska: implications of clast textures for eruptive processes
C. A. Gardner, K. V. Cashman, C.A. Neal
1998, Bulletin of Volcanology (59) 537-555
The 1992 eruption of Crater Peak, Mount Spurr, Alaska, involved three subplinian tephra-producing events of similar volume and duration. The tephra consists of two dense juvenile clast types that are identified by color, one tan and one gray, of similar chemistry, mineral assemblage, and glass composition. In two of the...
Winter and early spring CO2 efflux from tundra communities of northern Alaska
J. T. Fahnestock, M.H. Jones, P. D. Brooks, D.A. Walker, J.M. Welker
1998, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (103) 29023-29027
Carbon dioxide concentrations through snow were measured in different arctic tundra communities on the North Slope of Alaska during winter and early spring of 1996. Subnivean CO2 concentrations were always higher than atmospheric CO2. A steady state diffusion model was used to generate conservative estimates of CO2 flux to the atmosphere. The...
Selection of forage-fish schools by Murrelets and Tufted Puffins in Prince William Sound, Alaska
William D. Ostrand, Kenneth O. Coyle, Gary S. Drew, John M. Maniscalco, David B. Irons
1998, The Condor (100) 286-297
We collected hydroacoustic and bird-observation data simultaneously along transects in three areas in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 21 July-11 August 1995. The probability of the association of fish schools with Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) and Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) was determined through the use of resource selection functions based on...
Reduction of earthquake risk in the United States: Bridging the gap between research and practice
W. W. Hays
1998, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management (45) 176-180
Continuing efforts under the auspices of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program are under way to improve earthquake risk assessment and risk management in earthquake-prone regions of Alaska, California, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho, the New Madrid and Wabash Valley seismic zones in the central United States,...
Effect of implanted satellite transmitters on the nesting behavior of Murres
P.M. Meyers, Scott A. Hatch, D.M. Mulcahy
1998, Condor (100) 172-174
We implanted 6 Common Murres (Uria aalge) and 10 Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia) with satellite transmitters and compared subsequent presence at the colony, nesting status, and provisioning to a control group that underwent a simple surgical procedure. In the 10 days following implantation, we resighted 10 of 11 control birds...
Survival of Common Eider Somateria mollissima adult females and ducklings during brood rearing
Paul L. Flint, Christine L. Moran, J.L. Schamber
1998, Wildfowl (49) 103-109
We studied survival of adult female and duckling Common Eiders during brood rearing at two sties o the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, in 1997. Duckling survival to 30 days of age was 19%±10% (95% CI). Seventy-three percent of radio-marked adult females had lost all their ducklings by 30 days after hatch....
Ecological relationship between freshwater sculpins (Genus cottus) and beach-spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Iliamna Lake, Alaska
C.J. Foote, G.S. Brown
1998, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (55) 1524-1533
The interaction between two sculpin species, Cottus cognatus and Cottus aleuticus, and island beach spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was examined in Iliamna Lake, Alaska. We conclude that sculpins actively move to specific spawning beaches and that the initiation of their movements precedes the start of spawning. Sculpin predation on...
Guts don't fly: Small digestive organs in obese Bar-tailed Godwits
Theunis Piersma, Robert E. Gill Jr.
1998, The Auk (115) 196-203
We documented fat loads and abdominal organ sizes of Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica baueri) that died after colliding against a radar dome on the Alaska Peninsula, most likely just after takeoff on a trans-Pacific flight of 11,000 km, and of birds of the same subspecies just before...
Attraction of brown bears to red pepper spray deterrent: Caveats for use
Tom S. Smith
1998, Wildlife Society Bulletin (26) 92-94
Humans in brown bear (Ursus arctos) country may unexpectedly encounter hears with sometimes harmful consequences. Firearms may be an effective defense, but they destroy bears, their use is illegal in most national parks, and many people prefer not to carry them, Consequently, nonlethal bear deterrents have long been sought as...
Polar bears of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago of the Russian Arctic
Stanislav Belikov, G.W. Garner, O. Wiig, Andrei N. Boltunov, Y.A. Gorbunov
1998, Ursus (10) 33-40
Pacific halibut in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
Philip N. Hooge, Spencer J. Taggart
Michael J. Mac, Paul A. Opler, Catherine E. Puckett Haecker, Peter D. Doran, editor(s)
1998, Book chapter, Status and trends of the nation's biological resources
The Pacific halibut is a large (up to 3 meters long) predatory fish in the flatfish family. Glacier Bay National Park is the site of extensive and controversial commercial halibut fisheries that began before the park was established in 1925. These fisheries continue despite prohibitive regulations, including the Wilderness Act...
Diet and morphology of extant and recently extinct northern bears
David J. Mattson
1998, Ursus (10) 479-496
I examined the relationship of diets to skull morphology of extant northern bears and used this information to speculate on diets of the recently extinct cave (Ursus spelaeus) and short-faced (Arctodus simus) bears. Analyses relied upon published skull measurements and food habits of Asiatic (U. thibetanus) and American (U. americanus)...
Identifying and mitigating errors in satellite telemetry of polar bears
Stephen M. Arthur, Gerald W. Garner, Tamara L. Olson
1998, Ursus (10) 413-419
Satellite radiotelemetry is a useful method of tracking movements of animals that travel long distances or inhabit remote areas. However, the logistical constraints that encourage the use of satellite telemetry also inhibit efforts to assess accuracy of the resulting data. To investigate effectiveness of methods that might be used to...
Changes in mortality of Yellowstone's grizzly bears
David J. Mattson
1998, Ursus (10) 129-138
Records of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) deaths are currently used by managers to indicate trends in actual grizzly bear mortality and to judge the effectiveness of management. Two assumptions underlie these current uses: first, that recorded mortality is an unbiased indicator of actual mortality, and second, that changes in mortality...
Marbled murrelets have declined in Alaska
John F. Piatt
1998, Northwest Science (72) 310-314
In the last issue of Northwest Science, Hayward and Iverson (“Long-Term Trends in Marbled Murrelets in Southeast Alaska Based on Christmas Bird Counts”) failed to mention other evidence for 40-75% declines in murrelet populations, or discuss implications of a climate regime shift that has reduced populations of seabirds in Alaska,...
Grizzly bears and calving caribou: What is the relation with river corridors?
Donald D. Young Jr., Thomas R. McCabe
1998, Journal of Wildlife Management (62) 255-261
Researchers have debated the effect of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline (TAP) and associated developments to caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the central Arctic herd (CAH) since the 1970s. Several studies have demonstrated that cows and calves of the CAH avoided the TAP corridor because of disturbance associated with the pipeline, whereas others...
Sexual attitudes at northern latitudes
Richard B. Lanctot
1998, Natural History (107) 72-75
Spreading his wings to reveal their pearly white undersides, the male buff-breasted sandpiper tilted his head to the sky, puffed out his chest, and uttered a series of soft "tick-ticks.” He then proceeded to stamp his feet and vibrate his wings as if the ground were quaking beneath him. Soon,...
Satellite telemetry: A new tool for wildlife research and management
Steven G. Fancy, Larry F. Pank, David C. Douglas, Catherine H. Curby, Gerald W. Garner, Steven C. Amstrup, Wayne L. Regelin
1998, Resource Publication 172
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game have cooperated since 1984 to develop and evaluate satellite telemetry as a means of overcoming the high costs and logistical problems of conventional VHF (very high frequency) radiotelemetry systems. Detailed locational and behavioral data on caribou...
Integrating ecosystem studies: A Bayesian comparison of hypotheses
Milo D. Adkison, Brenda E. Ballachey, James L. Bodkin, Leslie E. Holland-Bartels
F. Funk, T.J. Quinn II, J. Heifetz, J.N. Ianelli, J.E. Powers, J.F. Schweigert, P.J. Sullivan, C.-I. Zhang, editor(s)
1998, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the international symposium on fishery stock assessment models for the 21st century; 15th Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium
Ecosystem studies are difficult to interpret because of the complexity and number of pathways that may affect a phenomenon of interest. It is not possible to study all aspects of a problem; thus subjective judgment is required to weigh what has been observed in the context of components that were...
Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska
Gregory A. Wilker, Victor G. Barnes Jr.
1998, Ursus (10) 557-561
We classified levels of direct response of brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) to aircraft, watercraft, and groups of people on the O'Malley River area of Kodiak Island, Alaska. General public use occurred on the area in 1991 and 1993, whereas structured bear viewing programs used the area in 1992 and...
Developmental geology of coalbed methane from shallow to deep in Rocky Mountain basins and in Cook Inlet-Matanuska Basin, Alaska, USA and Canada
R. C. Johnson, R. M. Flores
1998, International Journal of Coal Geology (35) 241-282
The Rocky Mountain basins of western North America contain vast deposits of coal of Cretaceous through early Tertiary age. Coalbed methane is produced in Rocky Mountain basins at depths ranging from 45 m (150 ft) to 1981 m (6500 ft) from coal of lignite to low-volatile bituminous rank. Although some...
Microsatellites identify depredated waterfowl remains from glaucous gull stomachs
K.T. Scribner, Timothy D. Bowman
1998, Molecular Ecology (7) 1401-1405
Prey remains can provide valuable sources of information regarding causes of predation and the species composition of a predator's diet. Unfortunately, the highly degraded state of many prey samples from gastrointestinal tracts often precludes unambiguous identification. We describe a procedure by which PCR amplification of taxonomically informative microsatellite loci were...
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry coherence analysis over Katmai volcano group, Alaska
Z. Lu, J.T. Freymueller
1998, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (103) 29887-29894
The feasibility of measuring volcanic deformation or monitoring deformation of active volcanoes using space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry depends on the ability to maintain phase coherence over appropriate time intervals. Using ERS 1 C band (λ=5.66 cm) SAR imagery, we studied the seasonal and temporal changes of the interferometric...
The enormous Chillos Valley Lahar: An ash-flow-generated debris flow from Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador
P.A. Mothes, M.L. Hall, R. J. Janda
1998, Bulletin of Volcanology (59) 233-244
The Chillos Valley Lahar (CVL), the largest Holocene debris flow in area and volume as yet recognized in the northern Andes, formed on Cotopaxi volcano's north and northeast slopes and descended river systems that took it 326 km north–northwest to the Pacific Ocean and 130+ km east into...
Caribou distribution during the post-calving period in relation to infrastructure in the Prudhoe Bay oil field, Alaska
Matthew A. Cronin, Steven C. Amstrup, George M. Durner, Lynn E. Noel, Trent L. McDonald, Warren B. Ballard
1998, Arctic (51) 85-93
There is concern that caribou (Rangifer tarandus) may avoid roads and facilities (i.e., infrastructure) in the Prudhoe Bay oil field (PBOF) in northern Alaska, and that this avoidance can have negative effects on the animals. We quantified the relationship between caribou distribution and PBOF infrastructure during the post-calving period (mid-June...
