Detection of foliage-obscured vehicle using a multiwavelength polarimetric lidar
S. Tan, J. Stoker, S. Greenlee
2008, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
Foliage obscured man-made targets detection and identification is of great interest to many applications. In this paper, the backscattered laser signals from a multiwavelength polarimetric lidar were used to detect a vehicle hidden inside a vegetated area. The polarimetric reflectance data from the lidar at two separate laser wavelengths at...
A rapid method for hydraulic profiling in unconsolidated formations
P. Dietrich, J.J. Butler Jr., K. Faiss
2008, Ground Water (46) 323-328
Information on vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity (K) can often shed much light on how a contaminant will move in the subsurface. The direct-push injection logger has been developed to rapidly obtain such information in shallow unconsolidated settings. This small-diameter tool consists of a short screen located just behind a...
Consumption estimates of walleye stocked as fry to suppress fathead minnow populations in west-central Minnesota wetlands
M.C. Ward, D.W. Willis, B.R. Herwig, S. R. Chipps, B.G. Parsons, J.R. Reed, M.A. Hanson
2008, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (17) 59-70
Fisheries managers throughout the Prairie Pothole Region of Minnesota often use semi-permanent and permanent wetland basins to extensively culture walleye Sander vitreus fry. Waterfowl managers have expressed concern over this practice because of the potential influence that fish have on food resources used by waterfowl during development and migration. It...
Mineral resource of the month: vermiculite
M.J. Potter
2008, Geotimes (53) 20-21
Vermiculite, a hydrated magnesium-aluminum-iron silicate mineral, has a range of uses that take advantage of its fire resistance, good insulating properties, high liquid absorption capacity, inertness and low density. Most applications for vermiculite use an exfoliated (heat-expanded) form of the mineral. In general, coarser grades of vermiculite are used as...
Reproductive ecology of Actinonaias ligamentina (Bivalvia:Unionidae) in a regulated river
K.R. Moles, J.B. Layzer
2008, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (27) 212-222
Factors affecting the reproductive success of freshwater mussels in lotic systems are poorly understood. Gravidity, fecundity, and fertilization success of Actinonaias ligamentina were examined at 4 sites along a 63-km reach of the Green River immediately below the Green River Dam, Kentucky. No gravid females were collected at the site...
Effects of topography and crustal heterogeneities on the source estimation of LP event at Kilauea volcano
S. Cesca, J. Battaglia, T. Dahm, E. Tessmer, S. Heimann, Paul G. Okubo
2008, Geophysical Journal International (172) 1219-1236
The main goal of this study is to improve the modelling of the source mechanism associated with the generation of long period (LP) signals in volcanic areas. Our intent is to evaluate the effects that detailed structural features of the volcanic models play in the generation of LP signal and...
New estimates of lethality of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) attacks on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): Implications for fisheries management
C.P. Madenjian, B.D. Chipman, J.E. Marsden
2008, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (65) 535-542
Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in North America costs millions of dollars each year, and control measures are guided by assessment of lamprey-induced damage to fisheries. The favored prey of sea lamprey in freshwater ecosystems has been lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). A key parameter in assessing sea lamprey damage, as...
Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic waste indicators in earthworms from agricultural soil amended with biosolid or swine manure
C.A. Kinney, E. T. Furlong, D.W. Kolpin, M.R. Burkhardt, S.D. Zaugg, S.L. Werner, J.P. Bossio, M.J. Benotti
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 1863-1870
Analysis of earthworms offers potential for assessing the transfer of organic anthropogenic waste indicators (AWIs) derived from land-applied biosolid or manure to biota. Earthworms and soil samples were collected from three Midwest agricultural fields to measure the presence and potential for transfer of 77 AWIs from land-applied...
Analytical validation of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype Avian influenza viruses
Erica Spackman, Hon S. Ip, D.L. Suarez, R.D. Slemons, D.E. Stallknecht
2008, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (20) 612-616
A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for the identification of the H7 subtype in North American Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) was first reported in 2002; however, recent AIV surveillance efforts in wild birds and H7 outbreaks in poultry demonstrated that the 2002 test did not detect all H7...
Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions
W. Thatcher, F. F. Pollitz
2008, GSA Today (18) 4-11
It has been agreed for nearly a century that a strong, load-bearing outer layer of earth is required to support mountain ranges, transmit stresses to deform active regions and store elastic strain to generate earthquakes. However the dept and extent of this strong layer remain controversial. Here we use a...
Use of tolerance values to diagnose water-quality stressors to aquatic biota in New England streams
M. R. Meador, D.M. Carlisle, J.F. Coles
2008, Ecological Indicators (8) 718-728
Identification of stressors related to biological impairment is critical to biological assessments. We applied nationally derived tolerance indicator values for four water-quality variables to fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at 29 sites along an urban gradient in New England. Tolerance indicator values (TIVs), as biologically based predictors of water-quality variables,...
Indication of two Pacific walrus stocks from whole tooth elemental analysis
C.V. Jay, P.M. Outridge, J. L. Garlich-Miller
2008, Polar Biology (31) 933-943
The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) is considered to be a single panmictic population for management purposes. However, studies on population structuring in this species are limited; in part, because portions of the population's range are often inaccessible. Therefore, alternative and complementary methods for investigating stock structure in the Pacific...
Dispersal leads to spatial autocorrelation in species distributions: A simulation model
V. Bahn, W.B. Krohn, R.J. O’Connor
2008, Ecological Modelling (213) 285-292
Compared to population growth regulated by local conditions, dispersal has been underappreciated as a central process shaping the spatial distribution of populations. This paper asks: (a) which conditions increase the importance of dispersers relative to local recruits in determining population sizes? and (b) how does dispersal influence the spatial distribution...
Phylogenetics, systematics, paleoecology, and evolution of the trilobite genera Paladin and Kaskia from the United States
D. K. Brezinski
2008, Journal of Paleontology (82) 511-527
Late Mississippian and earliest Pennsylvanian trilobite faunas of North America are dominated by the Paladin and Kaskia clades. Phylogenetic analysis of middle Carboniferous species of these clades demonstrates the close ancestral relationship between these groups. The Kaskia clade consists of eight species: K. chesterensis Weller, 1936, K. osagensis (Cisne, 1967),...
Modeling the effects of potential salinity shifts on the recovery of striped bass in the Savannah River estuary, Georgia-South Carolina, United States
T.R. Reinert, J.T. Peterson
2008, Environmental Management (41) 753-765
Increased salinity in spawning and nursery grounds in the Savannah River estuary was cited as the primary cause of a 97% decrease in adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and a concomitant 96% decrease in striped bass egg production. Restoration efforts focused on environmental remediation and stock enhancement have resulted in...
Sources of debris flow material in burned areas
P.M. Santi, V.G. deWolfe, J.D. Higgins, S.H. Cannon, J.E. Gartner
2008, Geomorphology (96) 310-321
The vulnerability of recently burned areas to debris flows has been well established. Likewise, it has been shown that many, if not most, post-fire debris flows are initiated by runoff and erosion and grow in size through erosion and scour by the moving debris flow, as opposed to landslide-initiated flows...
Validation of the ASTER instrument level 1A scene geometry
H. H. Kieffer, K. F. Mullins, D. J. MacKinnon
2008, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (74) 289-301
An independent assessment of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument geometry was undertaken by the U.S. ASTER Team, to confirm the geometric correction parameters developed and applied to Level 1A (radiometrically and geometrically raw with correction parameters appended) ASTER data. The goal was to evaluate the...
Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the distribution of archaeological sites
K.D. Adams, Thomas Goebel, K. Graf, G.M. Smith, A.J. Camp, R.W. Briggs, D. Rhode
2008, Geoarchaeology (23) 608-643
The Great Basin of the western U.S. contains a rich record of late Pleistocene and Holocene lake-level fluctuations as well as an extensive record of human occupation during the same time frame. We compare spatial-temporal relationships between these records in the Lahontan basin to consider whether lake-level fluctuations across the...
Evaluation of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for vegetation drought monitoring using Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture data
Yingxin Gu, E. Hunt, B. Wardlow, J.B. Basara, Jesslyn F. Brown, J. P. Verdin
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35) 1-5
The evaluation of the relationship between satellite-derived vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference water index) and soil moisture improves our understanding of how these indices respond to soil moisture fluctuations. Soil moisture deficits are ultimately tied to drought stress on plants. The diverse terrain and climate of...
Does urbanization influence the spatial ecology of Gila monsters in the Sonoran Desert?
M.A. Kwiatkowski, G.W. Schuett, R.A. Repp, E.M. Nowak, B.K. Sullivan
2008, Journal of Zoology (276) 350-357
To assess whether urbanization influences the spatial ecology of a rare and protected venomous reptilian predator, the Gila monster Heloderma suspectum, we compared home range (HR) size and movement parameters at three sites varying in degree of urbanization in the Sonoran Desert. We predicted that the urban population of H....
Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics
J. Martin, W.M. Kitchens, Christopher E. Cattau, M.K. Oli
2008, Endangered Species Research (6) 25-39
Natural disturbances and habitat degradation are major factors influencing the dynamics and persistence of many wildlife populations, yet few large-scale studies have explored the relative influence of these factors on the dynamics and persistence of animal populations. We used longterm demographic data and matrix population models to examine the potential...
Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona
W.J.A. Stavast, R.P. Butler, E. Seedorff, M.D. Barton, C.A. Ferguson
2008, Economic Geology (103) 629-636
Multiple lines of evidence, including new and published geologic mapping and paleomagnetic and geobarometric determinations, demonstrate that the rocks and large porphyry copper systems of the Sierrita Mountains in southern Arizona were dismembered and tilted 50?? to 60?? to the south by Tertiary normal faulting. Repetition of geologic features and...
An adaptive two-stage sequential design for sampling rare and clustered populations
J.A. Brown, M.M. Salehi, M. Moradi, G. Bell, D. R. Smith
2008, Population Ecology (50) 239-245
How to design an efficient large-area survey continues to be an interesting question for ecologists. In sampling large areas, as is common in environmental studies, adaptive sampling can be efficient because it ensures survey effort is targeted to subareas of high interest. In two-stage sampling, higher density primary sample units...
Ground-motion modeling of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, part I: Validation using the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
Brad T. Aagaard, T.M. Brocher, D. Dolenc, D. Dreger, R.W. Graves, S. Harmsen, S. Hartzell, S. Larsen, M.L. Zoback
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 989-1011
We compute ground motions for the Beroza (1991) and Wald et al. (1991) source models of the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake using four different wave-propagation codes and recently developed 3D geologic and seismic velocity models. In preparation for modeling the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, we use this well-recorded...
Distribution and environmental limitations of an amphibian pathogen in the Rocky Mountains, USA
E. Muths, D. S. Pilliod, L.J. Livo
2008, Biological Conservation (141) 1484-1492
Amphibian populations continue to be imperiled by the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Understanding where B. dendrobatidis (Bd) occurs and how it may be limited by environmental factors is critical to our ability to effectively conserve the amphibians affected by Bd. We sampled 1247 amphibians (boreal toads and surrogates) at 261...
