Effectiveness of lethal, directed wolf-depredation control in Minnesota
E. K. Harper, W.J. Paul, L.D. Mech, S. Weisberg
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 778-784
Wolf (Canis lupus) depredations on livestock in Minnesota, USA, are an economic problem for many livestock producers, and depredating wolves are lethally controlled. We sought to determine the effectiveness of lethal control through the analysis of data from 923 government-verified wolf depredations from 1979 to 1998. We analyzed the data...
The influence of trap density and sampling duration on the detection of small mammal species richness
Jonathan M. Conrad, Jeremy A. Baumgardt, Philip S. Gipson, Donald P. Althoff
2008, Acta Theriologica (53) 143-156
Assessing species richness of small mammal communities is an important research objective for many live-trapping studies designed to assess or monitor biological diversity. We tested the effectiveness and efficiency of various trap densities for determining estimates and counts of small mammal species richness. Trapping was conducted in grassland habitats in...
Observations of mixed-aged litters in brown bears
J. E. Swenson, M.A. Haroldson
2008, Ursus (19) 73-79
We report on 3 cases of mixed-aged litters (young born in different years) in brown bears (Ursus arctos); in 1 instance the cub-of-the-year (hereafter called cubs) died in the den. Two cases occurred in Sweden after mothers were separated from their young during the breeding season. In one, the mother...
Estimation of groundwater and nutrient fluxes to the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina
T.B. Spruill, J.F. Bratton
2008, Estuaries and Coasts (31) 501-520
A study was conducted between April 2004 and September 2005 to estimate groundwater and nutrient discharge to the Neuse River estuary in North Carolina. The largest groundwater fluxes were observed to occur generally within 20 m of the shoreline. Groundwater flux estimates based on seepage meter measurements ranged from 2.86??108...
(U-Th)/He dating of kimberlites-A case study from north-eastern Kansas
T.J. Blackburn, D.F. Stockli, R. W. Carlson, P. Berendsen
2008, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (275) 111-120
Dating kimberlite intrusive rocks by radiogenic isotope geochronology often is a difficult task, complicated by both the lack of dateable minerals within kimberlite as well as significant sample alteration that can degrade samples and alter parent-daughter ratios. This study presents a new geochronologic tool for timing the emplacement of kimberlites...
Infinite slope stability under steady unsaturated seepage conditions
Ning Lu, Jonathan W. Godt
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
We present a generalized framework for the stability of infinite slopes under steady unsaturated seepage conditions. The analytical framework allows the water table to be located at any depth below the ground surface and variation of soil suction and moisture content above the water table under steady infiltration conditions. The...
Is there enough sand? Evaluating the fate of Grand Canyon sandbars
S.A. Wright, J. C. Schmidt, Theodore S. Melis, D.J. Topping, D. M. Rubin
2008, GSA Today (18) 4-10
Large dams have the potential to dramatically alter the flow regime, geomorphology, and aquatic ecosystem of downstream river reaches. Development of flow release regimes in order to meet multiple objectives is a challenge facing dam operators, resource managers, and scientists. Herein, we review previous work and present new analyses related...
Ages and inferred causes of late Pleistocene glaciations on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i
J.S. Pigati, M. Zreda, C. Zweck, P.F. Almasi, D. Elmore, W.D. Sharp
2008, Journal of Quaternary Science (23) 683-702
Glacial landforms on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i, show that the summit area of the volcano was covered intermittently by ice caps during the Late Pleistocene. Cosmogen 36Cl dating of terminal moraines and other glacial landforms indicates that the last two ice caps, called Older Makanaka and Younger Makanaka, retreated from their...
Analytical validation of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype Avian influenza viruses
Erica Spackman, Hon S. Ip, D.L. Suarez, R.D. Slemons, D.E. Stallknecht
2008, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (20) 612-616
A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for the identification of the H7 subtype in North American Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) was first reported in 2002; however, recent AIV surveillance efforts in wild birds and H7 outbreaks in poultry demonstrated that the 2002 test did not detect all H7...
Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions
W. Thatcher, F. F. Pollitz
2008, GSA Today (18) 4-11
It has been agreed for nearly a century that a strong, load-bearing outer layer of earth is required to support mountain ranges, transmit stresses to deform active regions and store elastic strain to generate earthquakes. However the dept and extent of this strong layer remain controversial. Here we use a...
Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the distribution of archaeological sites
K.D. Adams, Thomas Goebel, K. Graf, G.M. Smith, A.J. Camp, R.W. Briggs, D. Rhode
2008, Geoarchaeology (23) 608-643
The Great Basin of the western U.S. contains a rich record of late Pleistocene and Holocene lake-level fluctuations as well as an extensive record of human occupation during the same time frame. We compare spatial-temporal relationships between these records in the Lahontan basin to consider whether lake-level fluctuations across the...
Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics
J. Martin, W.M. Kitchens, Christopher E. Cattau, M.K. Oli
2008, Endangered Species Research (6) 25-39
Natural disturbances and habitat degradation are major factors influencing the dynamics and persistence of many wildlife populations, yet few large-scale studies have explored the relative influence of these factors on the dynamics and persistence of animal populations. We used longterm demographic data and matrix population models to examine the potential...
Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona
W.J.A. Stavast, R.P. Butler, E. Seedorff, M.D. Barton, C.A. Ferguson
2008, Economic Geology (103) 629-636
Multiple lines of evidence, including new and published geologic mapping and paleomagnetic and geobarometric determinations, demonstrate that the rocks and large porphyry copper systems of the Sierrita Mountains in southern Arizona were dismembered and tilted 50?? to 60?? to the south by Tertiary normal faulting. Repetition of geologic features and...
Recent sedimentation patterns within the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana
C.R. Hupp, C. R. Demas, D.E. Kroes, Richard H. Day, T.W. Doyle
2008, Wetlands (28) 125-140
Sediment deposition and storage are important functions of forested bottomlands, yet documentation and interpretation of sedimentation processes in these systems remain incomplete. Our study was located in the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana, a distributary of the Mississippi River and contains the largest contiguously forested riparian wetland in North America, which...
The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia
K. J. Schulz, D. B. Stewart, R. D. Tucker, J.C. Pollock, R. A. Ayuso
2008, Geological Society of America Bulletin (120) 1134-1158
The Ellsworth terrane is one of a number of fault-bounded blocks that occur along the eastern margin of Ganderia, the western-most of the peri-Gondwanan domains in the northern Appalachians that were accreted to Laurentia in the Paleozoic. Geologic relations, detrital zircon ages, and basalt geochemistry suggest that the Ellsworth terrane...
The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland
D.A. Wilcox, S. J. Nichols
2008, Wetlands (28) 487-501
The diversity and resultant habitat value of wetland plant communities in the Laurentian Great Lake's are dependent on water-level fluctuations of varying frequency and amplitude. Conceptual models have described the response of vegetation to alternating high and low lake levels, but few quantitative studies have documented the changes that occur....
Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site
J.S. Sanderson, N.B. Kotliar, D.A. Steingraeber, C. Browne
2008, Wetlands (28) 363-377
An intermountain playa wetland preserve in Colorado's San Luis Valley was studied to assess how its current hydrologic function compares to its natural hydrologic regime. Current hydrologic conditions were quantified, and on-site effects of off-site water use were assessed. A water-budget model was developed to simulate an unaltered (i.e., natural)...
Timing and patterns of basin infilling as documented in Lake Powell during a drought
Lincoln F. Pratson, John Hughes-Clarke, Mark Anderson, Thomas Gerber, David C. Twitchell, Ronald Ferrari, Charles A. Nittrouer, Jonathan D. Beaudoin, Jesse Granet, John Crockett
2008, Geology (36) 843-846
Between 1999 and 2005, drought in the western United States led to a >44 m fall in the level of Lake Powell (Arizona-Utah), the nation's second-largest reservoir. River discharges to the reservoir were halved, yet the rivers still incised the tops of deltas left exposed along the rim of the...
Preliminary results of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission collaborative research program to assess tsunami hazard for nuclear power plants on the Atlantic and gulf coasts
A.M. Kammerer, Uri S. ten Brink, David C. Twitchell, Eric L. Geist, Jason D. Chaytor, J. Locat, H. J. Lee, Brian J. Buczkowski, M. Sansoucy
2008, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 14th world conference on earthquake engineering
In response to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) initiated a long-term research program to improve understanding of tsunami hazard levels for nuclear facilities in the United States. For this effort, the US NRC organized a collaborative research program with the United States...
Mechanical and electromagnetic properties of northern Gulf of Mexico sediments with and without THF hydrates
J.Y. Lee, J.C. Santamarina, C. Ruppel
2008, Marine and Petroleum Geology (25) 884-895
Using an oedometer cell instrumented to measure the evolution of electromagnetic properties, small strain stiffness, and temperature, we conducted consolidation tests on sediments recovered during drilling in the northern Gulf of Mexico at the Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon sites as part of the 2005 Chevron Joint Industry Project on...
Pit tag retention in small (205-370 mm) American eels, Anguilla rostrata
Jennifer L. Zimmerman, Stuart A. Welsh
2008, Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science (79) 1-8
No abstract available....
The desperate dozen: Fishes on the brink
Stuart A. Welsh
2008, Report
IT IS NO SECRET THAT OUR NATIVE AQUATIC ANIMALS ARE IN DECLINE. There are currently 582 species of animals on the Federal list of endangered and threatened species, 268 of these (46%) are found in freshwater habitats. Of the amazing assemblage of 675 fishes found in southeastern waters, more than...
Fire management and invasive plants- A handbook
Matthew L. Brooks, Michael Lusk
2008, Report
Fire management can help maintain natural habitats, increase forage for wildlife, reduce fuel loads that might otherwise lead to catastrophic wildfire, and maintain natural succession. Today, there is an emerging challenge that fire managers need to be aware of: invasive plants. Fire management activities can create ideal opportunities for invasions...
Geology of Hawaii reefs
Charles H. Fletcher, Christopher Bochicchio, Christopher L. Conger, Mary S. Engels, Eden J. Feirstein, Neil Frazer, Craig R. Glenn, Richard W. Grigg, Eric E. Grossman, Jodi N. Harney, Ebitari Isoun, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, John J. Rooney, Kenneth H. Rubin, Clark Sherman, Sean Vitousek
2008, Book chapter, Coral reefs of the USA
The Hawaii hot spot lies in the mantle under, or just to the south of, the Big Island of Hawaii. Two active subaerial volcanoes and one active submarine volcano reveal its productivity. Centrally located on the Pacific Plate, the hot spot is the source of the Hawaii Island Archipelago...
Application of a geomorphic and temporal perspective to wetland management in North America
L.M. Smith, N.H. Euliss Jr., D.A. Wilcox, M.M. Brinson
2008, Wetlands (28) 563-577
The failure of managed wetlands to provide a broad suite of ecosystem services (e.g., carbon storage, wildlife habitat, ground-water recharge, storm-water retention) valuable to society is primarily the result of a lack of consideration of ecosystem processes that maintain productive wetland ecosystems or physical and social forces that restrict a...
