CO2 and CH4 exchanges between land ecosystems and the atmosphere in northern high latitudes over the 21st century
Q. Zhuang, J. M. Melillo, M.C. Sarofim, D. W. Kicklighter, A. D. McGuire, B.S. Felzer, A. Sokolov, R.G. Prinn, P.A. Steudler, S. Hu
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
Terrestrial ecosystems of the northern high latitudes (above 50??N) exchange large amounts of CO2 and CH4 with the atmosphere each year. Here we use a process-based model to estimate the budget of CO 2 and CH4 of the region for current climate conditions and for future scenarios by considering effects...
Aquatic habitats of Canaan Valley, West Virginia: Diversity and environmental threats
C.D. Snyder, J.A. Young, B. M. Stout III
2006, Northeastern Naturalist (13) 333-352
We conducted surveys of aquatic habitats during the spring and summer of 1995 in Canaan Valley, WV, to describe the diversity of aquatic habitats in the valley and identify issues that may threaten the viability of aquatic species. We assessed physical habitat and water chemistry of 126 ponds and 82...
Precessional forcing of lacustrine sedimentation in the late Cenozoic Chemeron Basin, Central Kenya Rift, and calibration of the Gauss/Matuyama boundary
A.L. Deino, J.D. Kingston, J. M. Glen, R.K. Edgar, A. Hill
2006, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (247) 41-60
The fluviolacustrine sedimentary sequence of the Chemeron Formation exposed in the Barsemoi River drainage, Tugen Hills, Kenya, contains a package of five successive diatomite/fluvial cycles that record the periodic development of freshwater lakes within the axial portion of the Central Kenya Rift. The overwhelming abundance in the diatomite of planktonic...
Effects of watershed-scale land use change on stream nitrate concentrations
K. E. Schilling, J. Spooner
2006, Journal of Environmental Quality (35) 2132-2145
The Walnut Creek Watershed Monitoring Project was conducted from 1995 through 2005 to evaluate the response of stream nitrate concentrations to changing land use patterns in paired 5000-ha Iowa watersheds. A large portion of the Walnut Creek watershed is being converted from row crop agriculture to native prairie and savanna...
Testing the use of aeromagnetic data for the determination of Curie depth in California
H.E. Ross, R.J. Blakely, Mark D. Zoback
2006, Geophysics (71)
Using California as a test region, we have examined the feasibility of using Curie-isotherm depths, estimated from magnetic anomalies, as a proxy for lithospheric thermal structure. Our method follows previous studies by dividing a regional aeromagnetic database into overlapping subregions and analyzing the power-density spectrum of each subregion, but we...
Precipitation history and ecosystem response to multidecadal precipitation variability in the Mojave Desert region, 1893-2001
R. Hereford, R. H. Webb, C.I. Longpre
2006, Journal of Arid Environments (67) 13-34
Precipitation varied substantially in the Mojave Desert through the 20th century in a manner broadly similar to the other warm North American deserts. Episodes of drought and prolonged dry conditions (1893-1904, ca. 1942-1975, and 1999-present) alternated with relatively wet periods (1905-ca. 1941 and ca. 1976-1998), probably because of global-scale climate...
A new reference section for palynostratigraphic zonation of Paleocene rocks in the Rocky Mountain region
D. J. Nichols, R. M. Flores
2006, Mountain Geologist (43) 299-312
A biostratigraphic (palynostratigraphic) zonation of Paleocene rocks was established in the northeastern Wind River Basin near Waltman, Natrona County, Wyoming, in 1978 and subsequently applied extensively by various workers throughout the Rocky Mountain region. Because the original study on which the zonation was based was proprietary, precise details about the...
Protolith and metamorphic ages of the Haiyangsuo Complex, eastern China: A non-UHP exotic tectonic slab in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure terrane
J. G. Liou, T. Tsujimori, W. Chu, R. Y. Zhang, J. L. Wooden
2006, Conference Paper, Mineralogy and Petrology
The Haiyangsuo Complex in the NE Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane has discontinuous, coastal exposures of Late Archean gneiss with amphibolitized granulite, amphibolite, Paleoproterozoic metagabbroic intrusives, and Cretaceous granitic dikes over an area of about 15 km2. The U-Pb SHRIMP dating of zircons indicates that theprotolith age of a garnet-biotite gneiss...
One-way coupling of an atmospheric and a hydrologic model in Colorado
L.E. Hay, M.P. Clark, M. Pagowski, G.H. Leavesley, W.J. Gutowski
2006, Journal of Hydrometeorology (7) 569-589
This paper examines the accuracy of high-resolution nested mesoscale model simulations of surface climate. The nesting capabilities of the atmospheric fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University (PSU)-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) were used to create high-resolution, 5-yr climate simulations (from 1 October 1994 through 30 September 1999), starting...
On the interpretation of energy and energy fluxes of nonlinear internal waves: An example from Massachusetts Bay
A. Scotti, R. Beardsley, B. Butman
2006, Journal of Fluid Mechanics (561) 103-112
A self-consistent formalism to estimate baroclinic energy densities and fluxes resulting from the propagation of internal waves of arbitrary amplitude is derived using the concept of available potential energy. The method can be applied to numerical, laboratory or field data. The total energy flux is shown to be the sum...
Fire decreases arthropod abundance but increases diversity: Early and late season prescribed fire effects in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest
Scott Ferrenberg, Dylan W. Schwilk, Eric E. Knapp, Eric Groth, Jon E. Keeley
2006, Fire Ecology (2) 79-102
Prior to fire suppression in the 20th century, the mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., historically burned in frequent fires that typically occurred during the late summer and early fall. Fire managers have been attempting to restore natural ecosystem processes through prescription burning, and have often favored burning...
The contingent behavior of charter fishing participants on the Chesapeake Bay: Welfare estimates associated with water quality improvements
P.J. Poor, M. Breece
2006, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management (49) 265-278
Water quality in the Chesapeake Bay has deteriorated over recent years. Historically, fishing has contributed to the region's local economy in terms of commercial and recreational harvests. A contingent behavior model is used to estimate welfare measures for charter fishing participants with regard to a hypothetical improvement in water quality....
Petrography and geochemistry of the Middle Devonian coal from Luquan, Yunnan Province, China
S. Dai, D. Han, C. L. Chou
2006, Fuel (85) 456-464
Coals from Luquan, Yunnan Province, China, have high contents of cutinite and microsporinite, with an average of 55 and 33.5 vol%, respectively, (on a mineral-free basis). The coals are classified as cutinitic liptobiolith, sporinite-rich durain, cutinite-rich durain, and sporinitic liptobiolith. These four liptinite-rich coals are often interlayered within the coal...
Application of Bacteroides fragilis phage as an alternative indicator of sewage pollution in Tampa Bay, Florida
M.R. McLaughlin, J.B. Rose
2006, Estuaries and Coasts (29) 246-256
Traditional fecal coliform bacterial indicators have been found to be severely limited in determining the significance and sources of fecal contamination in ambient waters of tropical and subtropical regions. The bacteriophages that infectBacteroides fragilis have been suggested as better fecal indicators and at least one type may be human specific. In...
Fuel breaks affect nonnative species abundance in Californian plant communities
K. E. Merriam, Jon E. Keeley, J. L. Beyers
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 515-527
We evaluated the abundance of nonnative plants on fuel breaks and in adjacent untreated areas to determine if fuel treatments promote the invasion of nonnative plant species. Understanding the relationship between fuel treatments and nonnative plants is becoming increasingly important as federal and state agencies are currently implementing large fuel...
Albatross species demonstrate regional differences in North Pacific marine contamination
M. Finkelstein, B.S. Keitt, D.A. Croll, B. Tershy, Walter M. Jarman, S. Rodriguez-Pastor, D.J. Anderson, P.R. Sievert, D. R. Smith
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 678-686
Recent concern about negative effects on human health from elevated organochlorine and mercury concentrations in marine foods has highlighted the need to understand temporal and spatial patterns of marine pollution. Seabirds, long-lived pelagic predators with wide foraging ranges, can be used as indicators of regional contaminant patterns across large temporal...
Evaluation of gridded snow water equivalent and satellite snow cover products for mountain basins in a hydrologic model
K.A. Dressler, G.H. Leavesley, R.C. Bales, S.R. Fassnacht
2006, Conference Paper, Hydrological Processes
The USGS precipitation-runoff modelling system (PRMS) hydrologic model was used to evaluate experimental, gridded, 1 km2 snow-covered area (SCA) and snow water equivalent (SWE) products for two headwater basins within the Rio Grande (i.e. upper Rio Grande River basin) and Salt River (i.e. Black River basin) drainages in the southwestern...
Migration of the Pee Dee River system inferred from ancestral paleochannels underlying the South Carolina Grand Strand and Long Bay inner shelf
W. E. Baldwin, R.A. Morton, T.R. Putney, M.P. Katuna, M.S. Harris, P. T. Gayes, N. W. Driscoll, J. F. Denny, W. C. Schwab
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 533-549
Several generations of the ancestral Pee Dee River system have been mapped beneath the South Carolina Grand Strand coastline and adjacent Long Bay inner shelf. Deep boreholes onshore and high-resolution seismic-reflection data offshore allow for reconstruction of these paleochannels, which formed during glacial lowstands, when the Pee Dee River system...
Nature and characteristics of the flows that carved the Simud and Tiu outflow channels, Mars
J.A.P. Rodriguez, K. L. Tanaka, H. Miyamoto, S. Sasaki
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
Geomorphic and topographic relations of higher and lower levels of dissection within the Simud and Tiu Valles outflow channels on Mars reveal new insights into their formational histories. We find that the water floods that carved the higher channel floors were primarily sourced from Hydaspis Chaos. The floods apparently branched...
Diversity, composition, and geographical distribution of microbial communities in California salt marsh sediments
A. L. Cordova-Kreylos, Y. Cao, P.G. Green, H.-M. Hwang, K.M. Kuivila, M.G. LaMontagne, L. C. Van De Werfhorst, P.A. Holden, K.M. Scow
2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (72) 3357-3366
The Pacific Estuarine Ecosystem Indicators Research Consortium seeks to develop bioindicators of toxicant-induced stress and bioavailability for wetland biota. Within this framework, the effects of environmental and pollutant variables on microbial communities were studied at different spatial scales over a 2-year period. Six salt marshes along the California coastline were...
L1C signal design options
J.W. Betz, C.R. Cahn, P.A. Dafesh, C.J. Hegarty, K.W. Hudnut, A.J. Jones, R. Keegan, K. Kovach, L.S. Lenahan, H.H. Ma, J.J. Rushanan, T.A. Stansell, C.C. Wang, S.K. Yi
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting
Design activities for a new civil signal centered at 1575.42 MHz, called L1C, began in 2003, and the Phase 1 effort was completed in 2004. The L1C signal design has evolved and matured during a Phase 2 design activity that began in 2005. Phase 2 has built on the initial...
Quantification of the effects of eustasy, subsidence, and sediment supply on Miocene sequences, mid-Atlantic margin of the United States
J.V. Browning, K.G. Miller, P.P. McLaughlin, M.A. Kominz, P. J. Sugarman, D. Monteverde, M.D. Feigenson, J.C. Hernandez
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 567-588
We use backstripping to quantify the roles of variations in global sea level (eustasy), subsidence, and sediment supply on the development of the Miocene stratigraphic record of the mid-Atlantic continental margin of the United States (New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland). Eustasy is a primary influence on sequence patterns, determining the...
Geology-based planning and the aggregate industry - Perspectives from opposite sides of the globe
A.W. Stephens, W. H. Langer
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 63-68
In Australia and in the United States, encroachment by conflicting land uses, zoning restrictions and the "not-in-my-backyard" syndrome make it increasingly difficult to access high-quality aggregate resources located near their market areas. Attempts by government agencies in the United States to protect aggregate resources for future development have met with...
Long-term eruptive activity at a submarine arc volcano
R.W. Embley, W.W. Chadwick Jr., E.T. Baker, D.A. Butterfield, J.A. Resing, Cornel E. J. de Ronde, V. Tunnicliffe, J.E. Lupton, S.K. Juniper, K.H. Rubin, R. J. Stern, G.T. Lebon, K.-I. Nakamura, S.G. Merle, J.R. Hein, D.A. Wiens, Y. Tamura
2006, Nature (441) 494-497
Three-quarters of the Earth's volcanic activity is submarine, located mostly along the mid-ocean ridges, with the remainder along intraoceanic arcs and hotspots at depths varying from greater than 4,000 m to near the sea surface. Most observations and sampling of submarine eruptions have been indirect, made from surface vessels or...
Extreme plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors of free-ranging black-tailed prairie dogs
E.M. Lehmer, L.T. Savage, M.F. Antolin, E. Biggins
2006, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology (79) 454-467
In the natural environment, hibernating sciurids generally remain dormant during winter and enter numerous deep torpor bouts from the time of first immergence in fall until emergence in spring. In contrast, black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) remain active throughout winter but periodically enter short and shallow bouts of torpor. While...
