Recordings from the deepest borehole in the New Madrid Seismic Zone
Z. Wang, E.W. Woolery
2006, Seismological Research Letters (77) 148-153
The recordings at the deepest vertical strong-motion array (VSAS) from three small events, the 21 October 2004 Tiptonville, Tennessee, earthquake; the 10 February 2005 Arkansas earthquake; and the 2 June 2005 Ridgely, Tennessee, earthquake show some interesting wave-propagation phenomena through the soils: the S-wave is attenuated from 260 m to...
Using diatom assemblages to assess urban stream conditions
C. E. Walker, Y. Pan
2006, Hydrobiologia (561) 179-189
We characterized changes in diatom assemblages along an urban-to-rural gradient to assess impacts of urbanization on stream conditions. Diatoms, water chemistry, and physical variables of riffles at 19 urban and 28 rural stream sites were sampled and assessed during the summer base flow period. Near stream land use was characterized...
Characterization of aircraft deicer and anti-icer components and toxicity in airport snowbanks and snowmelt runoff
S.R. Corsi, S.W. Geis, J. E. Loyo-Rosales, C.P. Rice, R.J. Sheesley, G.G. Failey, Devon A. Cancilla
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 3195-3202
Snowbank samples were collected from snowbanks within a medium-sized airport for four years to characterize aircraft deicer and anti-icer (ADAF) components and toxicity. Concentrations of ADAF components varied with median glycol concentrations from individual sampling periods ranging from 65 to 5940 mg/L. Glycol content in snowbanks ranged from 0.17 to...
Mineralogical anomalies and their influences on elemental geochemistry of the main workable coal beds from the Dafang Coalfield, Guizhou, China
S. Dai, D. Ren, D. Li, C. L. Chou, K. Luo
2006, Acta Geologica Sinica (80) 589-597
Mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 11 Coal bed were investigated by using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP), and optical microscopy. The results show that the No. 11 Coal bed has very high contents...
Aquifer composition and the tendency toward scale-deposit formation during reverse osmosis desalination - Examples from saline ground water in New Mexico, USA
G. F. Huff
2006, Desalination (190) 235-242
Desalination is expected to make a substantial contribution to water supply in the United States by 2020. Currently, reverse osmosis is one of the most cost effective and widely used desalination technologies. The tendency to form scale deposits during reverse osmosis is an important factor in determining the suitability of...
Speciation of volatile arsenic at geothermal features in Yellowstone National Park
B. Planer-Friedrich, C. Lehr, J. Matschullat, B.J. Merkel, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Mark W. Sandstrom
2006, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (70) 2480-2491
Geothermal features in the Yellowstone National Park contain up to several milligram per liter of aqueous arsenic. Part of this arsenic is volatilized and released into the atmosphere. Total volatile arsenic concentrations of 0.5–200 mg/m3 at the surface of the hot springs were found to...
The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA
A.M. Farag, D.D. Harper, L. Cleveland, W. G. Brumbaugh, E. E. Little
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (50) 575-579
The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in south central Washington was claimed by the federal government as a site for the production of plutonium. During the course of production and operation of the facilities at Hanford, radionuclides and chromium were discharged directly into the river and also contaminated the groundwater. This study...
Biomonitoring in the Boulder River watershed, Montana, USA: metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and relations with macroinvertebrate assemblage
D.T. Rhea, D.D. Harper, A.M. Farag, W. G. Brumbaugh
2006, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (115) 381-393
Portions of the Boulder River watershed contain elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in water, sediment, and biota. We measured concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and assessed macroinvertebrate assemblage and aquatic habitat with the objective of monitoring planned remediation...
A genetic algorithm to reduce stream channel cross section data
C. Berenbrock
2006, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (42) 387-394
A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to reduce cross section data for a hypothetical example consisting of 41 data points and for 10 cross sections on the Kootenai River. The number of data points for the Kootenai River cross sections ranged from about 500 to more than 2,500. The GA...
Spatial organization of a reintroduced population of bobcats
Duane R. Diefenbach, L.A. Hansen, R.J. Warren, M.J. Conroy
2006, Journal of Mammalogy (87) 394-401
The spacing patterns and mating systems of solitary carnivores have important implications for social behavior and for the survival and reproduction of individuals. Over 2 years, we reintroduced 32 (15 males and 17 females) bobcats (Lynx rufus) to a barrier island off the coast of Georgia and studied patterns of...
Comparison of breeding bird and vegetation communities in primary and secondary forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Theodore R. Simons, Susan A. Shriner, George L. Farnsworth
2006, Biological Conservation (129) 302-311
We compared breeding bird communities and vegetation characteristics at paired point locations in primary (undisturbed) and mature secondary forest (70-100 years old) sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA to understand how sites logged prior to creation of the park compare to undisturbed sites following 70 years of protection...
Geology-based planning and the aggregate industry - Perspectives from opposite sides of the globe
A.W. Stephens, W. H. Langer
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 63-68
In Australia and in the United States, encroachment by conflicting land uses, zoning restrictions and the "not-in-my-backyard" syndrome make it increasingly difficult to access high-quality aggregate resources located near their market areas. Attempts by government agencies in the United States to protect aggregate resources for future development have met with...
Characterizing the role benthos plays in large coastal seas and estuaries: A modular approach
K.R. Tenore, R.N. Zajac, J. Terwin, F. Andrade, J. Blanton, W. Boynton, D. Carey, R. Diaz, Austin F. Holland, E. Lopez-Jamar, P. Montagna, F. Nichols, R. Rosenberg, H. Queiroga, M. Sprung, R.B. Whitlatch
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
Ecologists studying coastal and estuarine benthic communities have long taken a macroecological view, by relating benthic community patterns to environmental factors across several spatial scales. Although many general ecological patterns have been established, often a significant amount of the spatial and temporal variation in soft-sediment communities within and among systems...
Ecological and physiological factors affecting brood patch area and prolactin levels in arctic-nesting geese
J.E. Jonsson, A. D. Afton, R.T. Alisauskas, C.K. Bluhm, M.E. El Halawani
2006, The Auk (123) 405-418
We investigated effects of ecological and physiological factors on brood patch area and prolactin levels in free-ranging Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter “Snow Geese”) and Ross's Geese (C. rossii). On the basis of the body-size hypothesis, we predicted that the relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and...
Spatial and temporal dynamics of microcystin in a Missouri reservoir
J.L. Graham, J.R. Jones, S.B. Jones, T.E. Clevenger
2006, Lake and Reservoir Management (22) 59-68
Environmental factors associated with spatiotemporal variation of microcystin (MC) in Mozingo Lake, a Missouri reservoir, were studied during summer 2001, and annual MC trends were characterized from May 2001-May 2002. MC increased during summer, ranging from 20 to 1220 ng/L. Seasonal patterns in MC corresponded with chlorophyll>35 ??m (Net Chl)...
Multiple hypotheses testing of fish incidence patterns in an urbanized ecosystem
C.J. Chizinski, C.L. Higgins, C.E. Shavlik, K.L. Pope
2006, Aquatic Ecology (40) 97-109
Ecological and evolutionary theories have focused traditionally on natural processes with little attempt to incorporate anthropogenic influences despite the fact that humans are such an integral part of virtually all ecosystems. A series of alternate models that incorporated anthropogenic factors and traditional ecological mechanisms of invasion to account for fish...
Youngest volcanism about 1 million years ago at Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii
H. Sano, D. R. Sherrod, Takahiro Tagami
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (152) 91-96
Young volcanic deposits in Kahoolawe Island, cutting up through the caldera-filling lava, colluvium and talus in the west wall of Kanapou Bay, had long been stratigraphically considered the rejuvenated-stage products. New K-Ar ages, combined with magnetic polarity data, show that young volcanism was at about 0.98-1.04 Ma and indicate no...
Albatross species demonstrate regional differences in North Pacific marine contamination
M. Finkelstein, B.S. Keitt, D.A. Croll, B. Tershy, Walter M. Jarman, S. Rodriguez-Pastor, D.J. Anderson, P.R. Sievert, D. R. Smith
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 678-686
Recent concern about negative effects on human health from elevated organochlorine and mercury concentrations in marine foods has highlighted the need to understand temporal and spatial patterns of marine pollution. Seabirds, long-lived pelagic predators with wide foraging ranges, can be used as indicators of regional contaminant patterns across large temporal...
Sexual dimorphism of the internal mandibular chamber in Fayum Pliohyracidae (Mammalia)
de Blieux, M.R. Baumrind, E.L. Simons, P.S. Chatrath, G.E. Meyer, Y.S. Attia
2006, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (26) 160-169
An internal mandibular fenestra and chamber are found in many fossil hyracoids. The internal mandibular fenestra is located on the lingual surface of the mandibular corpus and opens into a chamber within the mandible. The mandibular chamber is maximally developed in late Eocene Thyrohyrax meyeri and early Oligocene Thyrohyrax domorictus...
Evaluation of multilayered pavement structures from measurements of surface waves
N. Ryden, M.J.S. Lowe, P. Cawley, C.B. Park
2006, Conference Paper, AIP Conference Proceedings
A method is presented for evaluating the thickness and stiffness of multilayered pavement structures from guided waves measured at the surface. Data is collected with a light hammer as the source and an accelerometer as receiver, generating a synthetic receiver array. The top layer properties are evaluated with a Lamb...
Uplift, thermal unrest and magma intrusion at Yellowstone caldera
Charles W. Wicks, Wayne Thatcher, Daniel Dzurisin, Jerry Svarc
2006, Nature (440) 72-75
The Yellowstone caldera, in the western United States, formed 640,000 years ago when an explosive eruption ejected 1,000 km3 of material1. It is the youngest of a series of large calderas that formed during sequential cataclysmic eruptions that began 16 million...
Distribution, 14C chronology, and paleomagnetism of latest Pleistocene and Holocene lava flows at Haleakala volcano, Island of Maui, Hawai'i: A revision of lava flow hazard zones
David R. Sherrod, Jonathan T. Hagstrum, John P. McGeehin, Duane E. Champion, Frank A. Trusdell
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
New mapping and 60 new radiocarbon ages define the age and distribution of latest Pleistocene and Holocene (past 13,000 years) lava flows at Haleakalā volcano, Island of Maui. Paleomagnetic directions were determined for 118 sites, of which 89 are in lava flows younger than 13,000 years. The paleomagnetic data, in...
Ontogenetic dynamics of mercury accumulation in Northwest Atlantic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)
P.E. Drevnick, M.J. Horgan, J.T. Oris, B.E. Kynard
2006, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (63) 1058-1066
We examined the ontogenetic dynamics of mercury accumulation in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from the Connecticut River, USA. Mercury concentrations in eggs (mean 84 ng??g-1 wet weight) were lowest of all life stages and correlated to concentrations in females. There was a higher rate of maternal transfer of mercury to...
Sensitivity of two salamander (Ambystoma) species to ultraviolet radiation
R.D. Calfee, C.M. Bridges, E. E. Little
2006, Journal of Herpetology (40) 35-42
Increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface has been implicated in amphibian declines. Recent studies have shown that many amphibian species have differences in sensitivity depending on developmental stage. Embryos and larvae of Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted Salamander) and larvae of Ambystoma talpoideum (Mole Salamander) were exposed to five simulated...
Exact three-dimensional spectral solution to surface-groundwater interactions with arbitrary surface topography
A. Worman, A.I. Packman, L. Marklund, J. W. Harvey, S.H. Stone
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
It has been long known that land surface topography governs both groundwater flow patterns at the regional‐to‐continental scale and on smaller scales such as in the hyporheic zone of streams. Here we show that the surface topography can be separated in a Fourier‐series...
