An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics
D.M. Saffer, B.A. Bekins
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
At many subduction zones, accretionary complexes form as sediment is off-scraped from the subducting plate. Mechanical models that treat accretionary complexes as critically tapered wedges of sediment demonstrate that pore pressure controls their taper angle by modifying basal and internal shear strength. Here, we combine a numerical model of groundwater...
Controls on soil pore water solutes: An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes
A. F. White, M. S. Schulz, D.V. Vivit, A.E. Blum, David A. Stonestrom
2006, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (88) 363-366
Spatial and temporal variations in pore water compositions are characterized for a deep regolith profile developed on a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz California. Variations are resolved in terms of the dominance of either a lithogenic process, i.e. chemical weathering, or a biogenic process, i.e. plant nutrient cycling. The concept of elemental fractionation is introduced describing...
Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations in Pennsylvania streams
P.M. Kocovsky, R.F. Carline
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 76-88
Landscapes influence the capacity of streams to produce trout through their effect on water chemistry and other factors at the reach scale. Trout abundance also fluctuates over time; thus, to thoroughly understand how spatial factors at landscape scales affect trout populations, one must assess the changes in populations over time...
The effect of chronic chromium exposure on the health of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
A.M. Farag, T. May, G.D. Marty, M. Easton, D.D. Harper, E. E. Little, L. Cleveland
2006, Aquatic Toxicology (76) 246-257
This study was designed to determine fish health impairment of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to chromium. Juvenile Chinook salmon were exposed to aqueous chromium concentrations (0–266 μg l−1) that have been documented in porewater from bottom sediments and in well waters near salmon spawning areas in the Columbia River in the...
Yucca Mountain, Nevada - A proposed geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste
R.A. Levich, J. S. Stuckless
2006, Memoir of the Geological Society of America (199) 1-7
Yucca Mountain in Nevada represents the proposed solution to what has been a lengthy national effort to dispose of high-level radioactive waste, waste which must be isolated from the biosphere for tens of thousands of years. This chapter reviews the background of that national effort and includes some discussion of...
Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared mustispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques
W. H. Farrand, J.F. Bell, J. R. Johnson, S. W. Squyres, J. Soderblom, D. W. Ming
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (111)
Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) multispectral observations of rocks made by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's Panoramic camera (Pancam) have been analyzed using a spectral mixture analysis (SMA) methodology. Scenes have been examined from the Gusev crater plains into the Columbia Hills. Most scenes on the plains and in the Columbia...
Evidence for wing molt and breeding site fidelity in King Eiders
Laura M. Phillips, A.N. Powell
2006, Waterbirds (29) 148-153
Fidelity of King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) to breeding and wing molt sites was examined using satellite telemetry data obtained opportunistically when battery life of transmitters provided locations in a second year. Consecutive breeding locations were obtained for eleven female and 23 male King Eiders. All females exhibited breeding site fidelity...
Relationship between quartz trace elements and SEM-Cathodoluminescence textures revealed using WDS mapping techniques
H.A. Lowers, B.G. Rusk
2006, Conference Paper, Microscopy and Microanalysis
[No abstract available]...
Insect visitation and pollen deposition in an invaded prairie plant community
D.L. Larson, R.A. Royer, M.R. Royer
2006, Biological Conservation (130) 148-159
Resource availability controls fungal diversity across a plant diversity gradient
M. P. Waldrop, D.R. Zak, C.B. Blackwood, C.D. Curtis, D. Tilman
2006, Ecology Letters (9) 1127-1135
Despite decades of research, the ecological determinants of microbial diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we test two alternative hypotheses concerning the factors regulating fungal diversity in soil. The first states that higher levels of plant detritus production increase the supply of limiting resources (i.e. organic substrates) thereby increasing fungal diversity....
Fish tag recovery from the American White Pelican nesting colony on Anaho Island, Pyramid Lake, Nevada
G.G. Scoppettone, P.H. Rissler, D. Withers, M.C. Fabes
2006, Great Basin Birds (8) 6-10
No abstract available ...
A water-budget approach to restoring a sedge fen affected by diking and ditching
Douglas A. Wilcox, Michael J. Sweat, Martha L. Carlson, Kurt P. Kowalski
2006, Journal of Hydrology (320) 501-517
A vast, ground-water-supported sedge fen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA was ditched in the early 1900s in a failed attempt to promote agriculture. Dikes were later constructed to impound seasonal sheet surface flows for waterfowl management. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, which now manages the wetland as...
Response of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to fire and fire surrogate fuel reduction treatments in a southern Appalachian hardwood forest
C.H. Greenberg, David L. Otis, T.A. Waldrop
2006, Forest Ecology and Management (234) 355-362
An experiment conducted as part of the multidisciplinary National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study was designed to determine effects of three fuel reduction techniques on small mammals and habitat structure in the southern Appalachian mountains. Four experimental units, each >14-ha were contained within each of three replicate blocks at the...
Evidence for a polar ethane cloud on Titan
C.A. Griffith, P. Penteado, P. Rannou, R. Brown, V. Boudon, K. H. Baines, R. Clark, P. Drossart, B. Buratti, P. Nicholson, C.P. McKay, A. Coustenis, A. Negrao, R. Jaumann
2006, Science (313) 1620-1622
Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal the presence of a vast tropospheric cloud on Titan at latitudes 51?? to 68?? north and all longitudes observed (10?? to 190?? west). The derived characteristics indicate that this cloud is composed of ethane and forms as a result of stratospheric...
Trends in snowfall versus rainfall in the western United States
N. Knowles, M. D. Dettinger, D.R. Cayan
2006, Journal of Climate (19) 4545-4559
The water resources of the western United States depend heavily on snowpack to store part of the wintertime precipitation into the drier summer months. A well-documented shift toward earlier runoff in recent decades has been attributed to 1) more precipitation falling as rain instead of snow and 2) earlier snowmelt....
Multiple constraints on the age of a Pleistocene lava dam across the Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, Arizona
W. Duffield, N. Riggs, D. Kaufman, D. Champion, C. Fenton, S. Forman, W. McIntosh, R. Hereford, J. Plescia, M. Ort
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 421-429
The Grand Falls basalt lava flow in northern Arizona was emplaced in late Pleistocene time. It flowed 10 km from its vent area to the Little Colorado River, where it cascaded into and filled a 65-m-deep canyon to form the Grand Falls lava dam. Lava continued ???25 km downstream and...
Assessment of pesticide residues in army cutworm moths (Euxoa auxiliaris) from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and their potential consequences to foraging grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis)
H. L. Robison, Charles C. Schwartz, J. D. Petty, P. F. Brussard
2006, Chemosphere (64) 1704-1712
During summer, a grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) (USA) can excavate and consume millions of army cutworm moths (Euxoa auxiliaris) (ACMs) that aggregate in high elevation talus. Grizzly bears in the GYE were listed as threatened by the US Fish and Wildlife Service in...
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Alasmidonta heterodon (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
K.M. Shaw, T.L. King, W.A. Lellis, M.S. Eackles
2006, Molecular Ecology Notes (6) 365-367
We developed 13 species-specific microsatellite markers for the federally endangered Atlantic slope unionid Alasmidonta heterodon. Four to 18 alleles per locus were observed among 30 individuals. Observed heterozygosity throughout the loci ranged from 26.9 to 86.2% and averaged 63.6%. Estimates of individual pairwise genetic distances indicated that levels of genetic...
Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils
M. P. Waldrop, M.K. Firestone
2006, Microbial Ecology (52) 470-479
Soil microbial communities are closely associated with aboveground plant communities, with multiple potential drivers of this relationship. Plants can affect available soil carbon, temperature, and water content, which each have the potential to affect microbial community composition and function. These same variables change seasonally, and thus plant control on microbial...
Genetic variation among subspecies of Least Tern (Sterna antillarum): Implications for conservation
Joanna B. Whittier, David M. Leslie Jr., Ronald A. Van Den Bussche
2006, Waterbirds (29) 176-184
DNA sequence variation from two nuclear introns and part of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene were used to Evaluate population structure among three subspecies of Least Term that nest in the United States (California [Sterna antillarum browni], Interior [S. a. athalassos], Eastern [S. a. antillarum]). Sequence variation was highest for nuclear...
Association of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summervile with a 12º bend in the East Coast fault system and triple-fault junctions
R. Marple, R. Miller
2006, Southeastern Geology (44) 101-127
Seismic-reflection data were integrated with other geophysical, geologic, and seismicity data to better determine the location and nature of buried faults in the Charleston, South Carolina, region. Our results indicate that the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summerville are related to local stresses caused by a 12??...
Abrupt transitions during sustained explosive eruptions: Examples from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska
N.K. Adams, Bruce F. Houghton, W. Hildreth
2006, Bulletin of Volcanology (69) 189-206
Plinian/ignimbrite activity stopped briefly and abruptly 16 and 45 h after commencement of the 1912 Novarupta eruption defining three episodes of explosive volcanism before finally giving way after 60 h to effusion of lava domes. We focus here on the processes leading to the termination of the second and third...
Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems
Gaisheng Liu, Dongxiao Zhang, Zhiming Lu
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
A new stochastic approach proposed by Zhang and Lu (2004), called the Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition‐based moment equation (KLME), has been extended to solving nonlinear, unconfined flow problems in randomly heterogeneous aquifers. This approach is on the basis of an innovative combination of Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition, polynomial expansion, and perturbation methods. The random...
Essential elements of online information networks on invasive alien species
Annie Simpson, Elizabeth A. Sellers, Andrea Grosse, Y. Xie
2006, Conference Paper
In order to be effective, information must be placed in the proper context and organized in a manner that is logical and (preferably) standardized. Recently, invasive alien species (IAS) scientists have begun to create online networks to share their information concerning IAS prevention and control. At a special networking session...
Simulating the effects of frequent fire on southern california coastal shrublands
A.D. Syphard, J. Franklin, Jon E. Keeley
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 1744-1756
Fire disturbance is a primary agent of change in the mediterranean-climate chaparral shrublands of southern California, USA. However, fire frequency has been steadily increasing in coastal regions due to ignitions at the growing wildland-urban interface. Although chaparral is resilient to a range of fire frequencies, successively short intervals between fires...
