Diel and seasonal variation in food habits of Atlantic salmon parr in a small stream
M. Grader, B. H. Letcher
2006, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (21) 503-517
The diel and seasonal food habits of young-of-year (YOY) and post-young-of-year (PYOY) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were assayed over the course of 11 months in the West Brook, Massachusetts USA. Gut fullness of YOY salmon did not vary significantly among months. PYOY salmon exhibited significant seasonal differences in gut...
Remote sensing for grassland management in the arid Southwest
R.C. Marsett, J. Qi, P. Heilman, S.H. Biedenbender, M.C. Watson, S. Amer, M. Weltz, D. Goodrich, R. Marsett
2006, Rangeland Ecology and Management (59) 530-540
We surveyed a group of rangeland managers in the Southwest about vegetation monitoring needs on grassland. Based on their responses, the objective of the RANGES (Rangeland Analysis Utilizing Geospatial Information Science) project was defined to be the accurate conversion of remotely sensed data (satellite imagery) to quantitative estimates of total...
Mobilization of lead and other trace elements following shock chlorination of wells
R. L. Seiler
2006, Science of the Total Environment (367) 757-768
Many owners of domestic wells shock chlorinate their wells to treat for bacterial contamination or control bad odors from sulfides. Analysis of well water with four wells from Fallon, Nevada, showed that following recommended procedures for shock chlorinating wells can cause large, short-lasting increases in trace-element concentrations in ground water,...
Characterization of the physiological stress response in lingcod
R.H. Milston, M.W. Davis, S.J. Parker, B.L. Olla, S. Clements, C.B. Schreck
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 1165-1174
The goal of this study was to describe the duration and magnitude of the physiological stress response in lingcod Ophiodon elongatus after exposure to brief handling and sublethal air stressors. The response to these stressors was determined during a 24-h recovery period by measuring concentrations of plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose,...
Weathering pits as indicators of the relative age of granite surfaces in the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland
A.M. Hall, W.M. Phillips
2006, Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography (88) 135-150
Weathering pits 1-140 cm deep occur on granite surfaces in the Cairngorms associated with a range of landforms, including tors, glacially exposed slabs, large erratics and blockfields. Pit depth is positively correlated with cosmogenic exposure age, and both measures show consistent relationships on individual rock landforms. Rates of pit deepening...
Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring
Gail V. Irvine, Daniel H. Mann, Jeffrey W. Short
2006, Marine Pollution Bulletin (52) 1011-1022
Oil stranded as a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill has persisted for >10 years at study sites on Gulf of Alaska shores distant from the spill's origin. These sites were contaminated by "oil mousse", which persists in these settings due to armoring of underlying sediments and their included...
New insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology
E. L. Miller, J. Toro, G. Gehrels, J.M. Amato, A. Prokopiev, M.I. Tuchkova, V.V. Akinin, T.A. Dumitru, Thomas E. Moore, M.P. Cecile
2006, Tectonics (25)
To test existing models for the formation of the Amerasian Basin, detrital zircon suites from 12 samples of Triassic sandstone from the circum-Arctic region were dated by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The northern Verkhoyansk (NE Russia) has Permo-Carboniferous (265-320 Ma) and Cambro-Silurian (410-505 Ma) zircon populations derived via...
Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the basin and range province in northwestern Nevada
J.P. Colgan, T.A. Dumitru, P.W. Reiners, J. L. Wooden, E. L. Miller
2006, American Journal of Science (306) 616-654
A regional synthesis of new and existing geologic and thermochronologic data document late Cretaceous - early Cenozoic regional erosion, Oligocene - Miocene volcanism, and subsequent late Miocene extension of the Basin and Range Province in northwestern Nevada and northeastern California. Across an ???220-km-wide region between the Santa Rosa and Warner...
Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data
L. C. Rowan, R. G. Schmidt, J.C. Mars
2006, Remote Sensing of Environment (104) 74-87
The Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized study area, approximately 10??km in diameter, is underlain by a central zone of hydrothermally altered rocks associated with Cu-Au mineralization. The surrounding country rocks are a variable mixture of unaltered volcanic rocks, fluvial deposits, and eolian quartz sand. Analysis of 15-band Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission...
Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation
D. M. Sumner
2006, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (42) 699-711
Evapotranspiration (ET) approximations, usually based on computed potential ET (PET) and diverse PET-to-ET conceptualizations, are routinely used in hydrologic analyses. This study presents an approach to incorporate measured (actual) ET data, increasingly available using micrometeorological methods, to define the adequacy of ET approximations for hydrologic simulation. The approach is demonstrated...
Genetic characterization of Zostera asiatica on the Pacific Coast of North America
Sandra L. Talbot, S. Wyllie-Echeverria, David H. Ward, Jolene R. Rearick, George K. Sage, B. Chesney, R. C. Phillips
2006, Aquatic Botany (85) 169-176
We gathered sequence information from the nuclear 5.8S rDNA gene and associated internal transcribed spacers, ITS-1 and ITS-2 (5.8S rDNA/ITS), and the chloroplast maturase K (matK) gene, from Zostera samples collected from subtidal habitats in Monterey and Santa Barbara (Isla Vista) bays, California, to test the hypothesis that these plants are conspecific...
Ichthyophonus-induced cardiac damage: a mechanism for reduced swimming stamina in salmonids
R. Kocan, S. LaPatra, J. Gregg, J. Winton, P. Hershberger
2006, Journal of Fish Diseases (29) 521-527
Swimming stamina, measured as time-to-fatigue, was reduced by approximately two-thirds in rainbow trout experimentally infected with Ichthyophonus. Intensity of Ichthyophonus infection was most severe in cardiac muscle but multiple organs were infected to a lesser extent. The mean heart weight of infected fish was 40% greater than that of uninfected...
Time series and recurrence interval models to predict the vulnerability of streams to episodic acidification in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia
Frank A. Deviney, Karen C. Rice, George M. Hornberger
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
Acid rain affects headwater streams by temporarily reducing the acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) of the water, a process termed episodic acidification. The increase in acidic components in stream water can have deleterious effects on the aquatic biota. Although acidic deposition is uniform across Shenandoah National Park (SNP) in north central Virginia,...
An analysis of urban thermal characteristics and associated land cover in Tampa Bay and Las Vegas using Landsat satellite data
George Xian, Mike Crane
2006, Remote Sensing of Environment (104) 147-156
Remote sensing data from both Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 systems were utilized to assess urban area thermal characteristics in Tampa Bay watershed of west-central Florida, and the Las Vegas valley of southern Nevada. To quantitatively determine urban land use extents and development densities, sub-pixel impervious surface areas were mapped...
Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength
J.L. Hardebeck
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 1675-1688
Small-scale faulting at seismogenic depths in the crust appears to be more homogeneous than previously thought. I study three new high-quality focal-mechanism datasets of small (M < ??? 3) earthquakes in southern California, the east San Francisco Bay, and the aftershock sequence of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. I quantify...
The carbon balance of North American wetlands
S.D. Bridgham, J.P. Megonigal, J.K. Keller, N.B. Bliss, C. Trettin
2006, Wetlands (26) 889-916
We examine the carbon balance of North American wetlands by reviewing and synthesizing the published literature and soil databases. North American wetlands contain about 220 Pg C, most of which is in peat. They are a small to moderate carbon sink of about 49 Tg C yr-1, although the uncertainty...
Biodiversity management of fens and fen meadows by grazing, cutting and burning
B.A. Middleton, B. Holsten, R. Van Diggelen
2006, Conference Paper, Applied Vegetation Science
Question: Can the biodiversity of fens in Europe and North America be maintained through the use of grazing (especially cattle grazing), fire, and/or cutting? Location: European and North American fens. Methods: This paper is a review of the literature on the effects of grazing, fire and cutting on fens, to...
Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting four-toed salamanders in Maine
R.J. Chalmers, C.S. Loftin
2006, Journal of Herpetology (40) 478-485
Little is known of Four-Toed Salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum) habitat use, despite the species' extensive range and elevated conservation status. We investigated species-habitat relationships that predict H. scutatum nesting presence in Maine at wetland and microhabitat scales by comparing microhabitats with and without nests. We created logistic regression models, selected models...
Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide Kd values for performance assessment: Selected results and recommendations of the NEA sorption project
M. Ochs, J.A. Davis, M. Olin, T.E. Payne, C.J. Tweed, M.M. Askarieh, S. Altmann
2006, Conference Paper, Radiochimica Acta
For the safe final disposal and/or long-term storage of radioactive wastes, deep or near-surface underground repositories are being considered world-wide. A central safety feature is the prevention, or sufficient retardation, of radionuclide (RN) migration to the biosphere. To this end, radionuclide sorption is one of the most important processes. Decreasing...
Three decades of urbanization: Estimating the impact of land-cover change on stream salamander populations
S.J. Price, M.E. Dorcas, Alisa L. Gallant, R. W. Klaver, J.D. Willson
2006, Biological Conservation (133) 436-441
Urbanization has become the dominant form of landscape disturbance in parts of the United States. Small streams in the Piedmont region of the eastern United States support high densities of salamanders and are often the first habitats to be affected by landscape-altering factors such as urbanization. We used US Geological...
Vertical variability in saturated zone hydrochemistry near Yucca Mountain, Nevada
G. L. Patterson, P.S. Striffler
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM
The differences in the saturated zone hydrochemistry with depth at borehole NC-EWDP-22PC reflect the addition of recharge along Fortymile Wash. The differences in water chemistry with depth at borehole NC-EWDP-19PB appear to indicate that other processes are involved. Water from the lower part of NC-EWDP-19PB possesses chemical characteristics that clearly...
DNA damage and external lesions in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) from contaminated habitats
X. Yang, J. Meier, L. Chang, M. Rowan, P. C. Baumann
2006, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (25) 3035-3038
The Comet assay was used to compare levels of DNA damage in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from three known contaminated locations, the Cuyahoga River (OH, USA), Ashtabula River (OH, USA; both tributaries to Lake Erie, USA), and Ashumet Pond (Cape Cod, MA, USA), with brown...
Surface fault slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake
M. J. Rymer, J. C. Tinsley III, J.A. Treiman, J.R. Arrowsmith, K.B. Ciahan, A.M. Rosinski, W. A. Bryant, Hollice A. Snyder, G. S. Fuis, N.A. Toke, G.W. Bawden
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96)
Surface fracturing occurred along the San Andreas fault, the subparallel Southwest Fracture Zone, and six secondary faults in association with the 28 September 2004 (M 6.0) Parkfield earthquake. Fractures formed discontinuous breaks along a 32-km-long stretch of the San Andreas fault. Sense of slip was right lateral; only locally was...
The prelaying interval of emperor geese on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Jerry W. Hupp, Joel A. Schmutz, Craig R. Ely
2006, Condor (108) 912-924
We marked 136 female Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) in western Alaska with VHF or satellite (PTT) transmitters from 1999 to 2003 to monitor their spring arrival and nest initiation dates on the Yukon Delta, and to estimate prelaying interval lengths once at the nesting area. Ninety-two females with functional transmitters...
Recordings of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake on the General Earthquake Observation System array: Implications for earthquake precursors, fault rupture, and coseismic strain changes
R. D. Borcherdt, M.J.S. Johnston, G. Glassmoyer, C. Dietel
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) S73-S89
The 2004 Parkfield earthquake generated a unique set of near-field, high-resolution colocated measurements of acceleration, volumetric strain, and velocity at 11 stations in the General Earthquake Observation System (geos) array. The recordings indicate no precursory strain or displacement was discernable at sensitivities of 10−11 strain and 5 × 10−8 m 25...
