Forest reproduction along a climatic gradient in the Sierra Nevada, California
Phillip J. van Mantgem, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jon E. Keeley
2006, Forest Ecology and Management (225) 391-399
To elucidate broad-scale environmental controls of coniferous forest reproduction in the Sierra Nevada, California, we monitored reproduction for 5 years in 47 plots arrayed across a steep elevational (climatic) gradient. We found that both absolute seedling densities (stems < 1.37 m) and seedling densities relative to overstory parent tree basal area declined sharply...
The Cretaceous Tetori biota in Japan and its evolutionary significance for terrestrial ecosystems in Asia
M. Matsukawa, M. Ito, N. Nishida, K. Koarai, M.G. Lockley, D. J. Nichols
2006, Cretaceous Research (27) 199-225
Cretaceous nonmarine deposits are widely distributed on the Asian continent and include various kinds of zoo- and phyto-assemblages. The Tetori Group is one of the most important Mesozoic terrestrial deposits in East Asia, and for this reason its geology, stratigraphy, and biota have been studied intensively by our group for...
Fat dynamics of arctic-nesting sandpipers during spring in mid-continental North America
Gary L. Krapu, J.L. Eldridge, C. L. Gratto-Trevor, D. A. Buhl
2006, The Auk (123) 323-334
We measured fresh body mass, total body fat, and fat-free dry mass (FFDM) of three species of Arctic-nesting calidrid sandpipers (Baird's Sandpiper [Calidris bairdii], hereafter “BASA”; Semipalmated Sandpiper [C. pusilla], hereafter “SESA”; and White-rumped Sandpiper [C. fuscicollis], hereafter “WRSA”) during spring stopovers in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North...
Thinking about feathers: Adaptations of Golden Eagle rectrices
D. H. Ellis, J.W. Lish
2006, Journal of Raptor Research (40) 1-28
The striking black and white plumage of the juvenile Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) provides an excellent opportunity to examine the possible selective forces influencing the strategic placement of dark pigment in birds. The conflict between opposing selective pressures (first, toward large white patches, which may allay aggression in adults, and...
Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy
E. Auger, L. D’Auria, M. Martini, B. Chouet, P. Dawson
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
We present a comprehensive processing tool for the real‐time analysis of the source mechanism of very long period (VLP) seismic data based on waveform inversions performed in the frequency domain for a point source. A search for the source providing the best‐fitting solution is conducted over a three‐dimensional grid of...
Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002
R.W. Jibson, E. L. Harp, W. Schulz, D. K. Keefer
2006, Engineering Geology (83) 144-160
The moment magnitude (M) 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 triggered thousands of landslides, primarily rock falls and rock slides, that ranged in volume from rock falls of a few cubic meters to rock avalanches having volumes as great as 20 ?? 106 m3. The pattern of...
Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus
F.T. Barrows, W.A. Lellis
2006, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (37) 154-160
Two methods were developed for the production of larval fish diets. The first method, microextrusion marumerization (MEM), has been tested in laboratory feeding trials for many years and produces particles that are palatable and water stable. The second method, particle-assisted rotational agglomeration (PARA), produced diets that have lower density than...
Prolactin and growth hormone in fish osmoregulation
T. Sakamoto, S. D. McCormick
2006, General and Comparative Endocrinology (147) 24-30
Prolactin is an important regulator of multiple biological functions in vertebrates, and has been viewed as essential to ion uptake as well as reduction in ion and water permeability of osmoregulatory surfaces in freshwater and euryhaline fish. Prolactin-releasing peptide seems to stimulate prolactin expression in the pituitary and peripheral organs...
Ontogenetic dynamics of mercury accumulation in Northwest Atlantic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)
P.E. Drevnick, M.J. Horgan, J.T. Oris, B.E. Kynard
2006, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (63) 1058-1066
We examined the ontogenetic dynamics of mercury accumulation in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from the Connecticut River, USA. Mercury concentrations in eggs (mean 84 ng??g-1 wet weight) were lowest of all life stages and correlated to concentrations in females. There was a higher rate of maternal transfer of mercury to...
Basic concepts for the linear model of ground water level recession
A. T. Rutledge
2006, Ground Water (44) 483-487
Basic concepts are illustrated for the display of ground water level recession as a linear plot on a semilog graph, as first described by Rorabaugh. This exponential decay function can be achieved if there is a definable outflow boundary such as a lake or river and if water levels are...
Influence of beaver activity on summer growth and condition of age-2 Atlantic salmon parr
Douglas B. Sigourney, B. H. Letcher, R.A. Cunjak
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 1068-1075
The activity of beavers Castor canadensis in freshwater environments can have considerable localized impacts on the physical and biological components of riparian ecosystems. By changing the habitat of a stream, beaver dams can cause spatial variation in growth opportunity that may have direct consequences for the growth of resident fish....
Thermodynamic calculations in the system CH4-H2O and methane hydrate phase equilibria
S. Circone, S. H. Kirby, L.A. Stern
2006, Journal of Physical Chemistry B (110) 8232-8239
Using the Gibbs function of reaction, equilibrium pressure, temperature conditions for the formation of methane clathrate hydrate have been calculated from the thermodynamic properties of phases in the system CH4-H 2O. The thermodynamic model accurately reproduces the published phase-equilibria data to within ??2 K of the observed equilibrium boundaries in...
Patterns of fish use and piscivore abundance within a reconnected saltmarsh impoundment in the northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida
Philip W. Stevens, C.L. Montague, K. J. Sulak
2006, Wetlands Ecology and Management (14) 147-166
Nearly all saltmarshes in east-central, Florida were impounded for mosquito control during the 1960s. The majority of these marshes have since been reconnected to the estuary by culverts, providing an opportunity to effectively measure exchange of aquatic organisms. A multi-gear approach was used monthly to simultaneously estimate fish standing stock...
Sustained long-period seismicity at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska
Tanja Petersen, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach, Stephen R. McNutt
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (151) 365-381
From September 1999 through April 2004, Shishaldin Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, exhibited a continuous and extremely high level of background seismicity. This activity consisted of many hundreds to thousands of long-period (LP; 1–2 Hz) earthquakes per day, recorded by a 6-station monitoring network around Shishaldin. The LP events originate beneath...
A Lower Carboniferous two-stage extensional basin along the Avalon-Meguma terrane boundary: Evidence from southeastern Isle Madame, Nova Scotia
Eric R. Force, S. M. Barr
2006, Atlantic Geology (42) 53-68
Anomalously thick and coarse clastic sedimentary successions, including over 5000 m of conglomerate, are exposed on Isle Madame off the southern coast of Cape Breton island. Two steeply to moderately dipping stratigraphic packages are recognized: one involving Horton and lower Windsor groups (Tournasian–Visean); the other involving upper Windsor and Mabou...
Landslides triggered by the 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu, Japan, earthquake
D.S. Kieffer, R. Jibson, E.M. Rathje, K. Kelson
2006, Earthquake Spectra (22)
The Niigata Ken Chuetsu earthquake triggered a vast number of lanslides in the epicentral region. Landslide concentrations were among the highest ever measured after an earthquake, and most of the triggered landslides were relatively shallow failures parallel to the steep slope faces. The dense concentration of landslides can be attributed...
Observations in the Saturn system during approach and orbital insertion, with Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS)
R. H. Brown, K. H. Baines, G. Bellucci, B. J. Buratti, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, R. N. Clark, A. Coradini, D. P. Cruikshank, P. Drossart, V. Formisano, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, R.M. Nelson, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, Christophe Sotin, N. Baugh, C.A. Griffith, G. B. Hansen, C. A. Hibbitts, T.W. Momary, M.R. Showalter
2006, Astronomy and Astrophysics (446) 707-716
The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observed Phoebe, Iapetus, Titan and Saturn's rings during Cassini's approach and orbital insertion. Phoebe's surface contains water ice, CO2, and ferrous iron. lapetus contains CO2 and organic materials. Titan's atmosphere shows methane fluorescence, and night-side atmospheric emission that may be CO2 and CH3D. As...
Site response and attenuation in the Puget Lowland, Washington State
T. L. Pratt, T.M. Brocher
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 536-552
Simple spectral ratio (SSR) and horizontal-to-vertical (HN) site-response estimates at 47 sites in the Puget Lowland of Washington State document significant attenuation of 1.5- to 20-Hz shear waves within sedimentary basins there. Amplitudes of the horizontal components of shear-wave arrivals from three local earthquakes were used to compute SSRs with...
Factors determining Pochard nest predation along a wetland gradient
T. Albrecht, D. Horak, J. Kreisinger, K. Weidinger, P. Klvana, T.C. Michot
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 784-791
Waterfowl management on breeding grounds focuses on improving nest success, but few studies have compared waterfowl nest success and factors affecting nest survival along a wetland gradient and simultaneously identified nest predators. We monitored nests (n = 195) of common pochards (Aythya ferina) in Trebon Basin Biosphere Reserve, Czech...
Is extinction age dependent?
N.A. Doran, A.J. Arnold, W.C. Parker, F.W. Huffer
2006, Palaios (21) 571-579
Age-dependent extinction is an observation with important biological implications. Van Valen's Red Queen hypothesis triggered three decades of research testing its primary implication: that age is independent of extinction. In contrast to this, later studies with species-level data have indicated the possible presence of age dependence. Since the formulation of...
An isotopic assessment of protein from diet and endogenous stores: Effects on egg production and incubation behaviour of geese
Joel A. Schmutz, K.A. Hobson, J.A. Morse
2006, Ardea (94) 385-397
Little empirical information exists to assess to what degree geese use a capital versus income breeding strategy for investing nutrients into eggs. We used stable isotope methods to directly estimate the sources of protein deposited into egg yolks of Brent Branta bernicla and Emperor Geese Anser canagicus on the Yukon-Kuskokwim...
Interspecific resource partitioning in sympatric ursids
Jerrold L. Belant, Knut Kielland, Erich H. Follmann, Layne G. Adams
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 2333-2343
The fundamental niche of a species is rarely if ever realized because the presence of other species restricts it to a narrower range of ecological conditions. The effects of this narrower range of conditions define how resources are partitioned. Resource partitioning has been inferred but not demonstrated previously for sympatric...
Possible linkages between lignite aquifers, pathogenic microbes, and renal pelvic cancer in northwestern Louisiana, USA
J.E. Bunnell, C. A. Tatu, R.N. Bushon, D. M. Stoeckel, A.M.G. Brady, M. Beck, H.E. Lerch, B. McGee, B.C. Hanson, R. Shi, W. H. Orem
2006, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (28) 577-587
In May and September, 2002, 14 private residential drinking water wells, one dewatering well at a lignite mine, eight surface water sites, and lignite from an active coal mine were sampled in five Parishes of northwestern Louisiana, USA. Using a geographic information system (GIS), wells were selected that were likely...
Ontogenesis of endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) in the Little Colorado River, Arizona
Dennis M. Stone, Owen T. Gorman
2006, American Midland Naturalist (155) 123-135
The largest population of endangered humpback chub Gila cypha inhabits the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam and the lower 14 km of the Little Colorado River (LCR), Arizona. Currently, adults from both rivers spawn and their progenies grow and recruit to adulthood primarily within the LCR, where we studied G....
Sediment Cd and Mo accumulation in the oxygen-minimum zone off western Baja California linked to global climate over the past 52 kyr
W.E. Dean, Yen Zheng, J.D. Ortiz, A. VanGeen
2006, Paleoceanography (21)
Concentrations of organic carbon (orgC), cadmium (Cd), and molybdenum (Mo) were measured in two sediment cores raised from depths of 430 and 700 m within the oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) off southern Baja California at a temporal resolution of e10.5 kyr over the past 52 kyr. These records are supplemented with...
