Comparisons of fish species traits from small streams to large rivers
R. M. Goldstein, M. R. Meador
2004, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (133) 971-983
To examine the relations between fish community function and stream size, we classified 429 lotic freshwater fish species based on multiple categories within six species traits: (1) substrate preference, (2) geomorphic preference, (3) trophic ecology, (4) locomotion morphology, (5) reproductive strategy, and (6) stream size preference. Stream size categories included...
Natural selection of the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) in Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae)
S.I. Jarvi, C.L. Tarr, C.E. Mcintosh, C. T. Atkinson, R.C. Fleischer
2004, Molecular Ecology (13) 2157-2168
The native Hawaiian honeycreepers represent a classic example of adaptive radiation and speciation, but currently face one the highest extinction rates in the world. Although multiple factors have likely influenced the fate of Hawaiian birds, the relatively recent introduction of avian malaria is thought to be a major factor limiting...
Habitat use and spatial structure of a barking frog (Eleutherodactylus augusti) population in southeastern Arizona
C.S. Goldberg, C.R. Schwalbe
2004, Journal of Herpetology (38) 305-312
Barking Frogs (Eleutherodactylus augusti) are the northernmost ranging member of the large tropical family Leptodactylidae. We investigated the ecology of this saxicolous species at the northern edge of its range in a canyon in southern Arizona. We captured 54 frogs on discontinuous rock outcrops; eight of nine females and 39...
Mesoscale spatial variability of selected aquatic invertebrate community metrics from a minimally impaired stream segment
J.B. Gebler
2004, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (23) 616-633
The related topics of spatial variability of aquatic invertebrate community metrics, implications of spatial patterns of metric values to distributions of aquatic invertebrate communities, and ramifications of natural variability to the detection of human perturbations were investigated. Four metrics commonly used for stream assessment were computed for 9 stream reaches...
In situ expression of nifD in Geobacteraceae in subsurface sediments
Dawn E. Holmes, Kelly P. Nevin, Derek R. Lovely
2004, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (70) 7251-7259
In order to determine whether the metabolic state of Geobacteraceae involved in bioremediation of subsurface sediments might be inferred from levels of mRNA for key genes, in situ expression of nifD, a highly conserved gene involved in nitrogen fixation, was investigated. When Geobacter sulfurreducens was grown without a source of...
Response of predators to Western Sandpiper nest exclosures
Amanda C. Niehaus, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Brian J. McCaffery
2004, Waterbirds (27) 79-82
In 2001, predator exclosures were used to protect nests of the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) in western Alaska. During the exclosure experiment, nest contents in exclosures had significantly higher daily survival rates than control nests, however, late in the study predators began to cue in on exclosures and predate the...
Spatial variation in shorebird nest success: Implications for inference
Brian J. McCaffery, Daniel R. Ruthrauff
2004, Wader Study Group Bulletin (103) 67-70
Estimates of nest success are widely applied in order to evaluate a multitude of theoretical and practical issues. Frequently, however, researchers fail to limit their inferences to the appropriate spatial scale. We evaluated small-scale variation in nest success of Western Sandpipers Calidris mauri during a four-year study on the Yukon-Kuskokwim...
Spring onset in the Sierra Nevada: When is snowmelt independent of elevation?
J.D. Lundquist, D.R. Cayan, M. D. Dettinger
2004, Journal of Hydrometeorology (5) 327-342
Short-term climate and weather systems can have a strong influence on mountain snowmelt, sometimes overwhelming the effects of elevation and aspect. Although most years exhibit a spring onset that starts first at lowest and moves to highest elevations, in spring 2002, flow in a variety of streams...
Temporal and geographic variation in survival of juvenile black brant
David H. Ward, Joel A. Schmutz, James S. Sedinger, Karen S. Bollinger, P. D. Martin, B.A. Anderson
2004, Condor (106) 263-274
First-year survival has important implications for the structure and growth of populations. We examined variation in seasonal survival of first-year Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) marked late in summer in Alaska at two brood-rearing areas on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Tutakoke and Kokechik) and one area on the Arctic Coastal...
Reconstructing paleo lake levels from relict shorelines along the Upper Great Lakes
Steve J. Baedke, Todd A. Thompson, John W. Johnston, Douglas A. Wilcox
2004, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management (7) 435-449
Shorelines of the upper Great Lakes include many embayments that contain strandplains of beach ridges. These former shoreline positions of the lakes can be used to determine changes in the elevation of the lakes through time, and they also provide information on the warping of the ground surface that...
Modeling the suppression of sea lamprey populations by the release of sterile males or sterile females
Waldemar Klassen, Jean V. Adams, Michael B. Twohey
2004, Journal of Great Lakes Research (30) 463-473
The suppressive effects of trapping adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, and releasing sterile males (SMRT) or females (SFRT) into a closed system were expressed in deterministic models. Suppression was modeled as a function of the proportion of the population removed by trapping, the number of sterile animals released, the...
Burrowing mayflies as indicators of ecosystem health: Status of populations in two western Lake Superior embayments
Thomas A. Edsall, Owen T. Gorman, Lori M. Evrard
2004, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management (7) 507-513
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Environment Canada are supporting the development of indicators of ecosystem health that can be used to report on progress in restoring and maintaining the Great Lakes ecosystem, as called for in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada. One...
The effectiveness of a barrier wall and underpasses in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida
C.K. Dodd Jr., W.J. Barichivich, L. L. Smith
2004, Biological Conservation (118) 619-631
Because of high numbers of animals killed on Paynes Prairie State Preserve, Alachua County, Florida, the Florida Department of Transportation constructed a barrier wall-culvert system to reduce wildlife mortality yet allow for passage of some animals across the highway. During a one year study following construction, we counted only 158...
Use of Instream Flow Incremental Methodology: introduction to the special issue
Berton Lee Lamb, C. Sabaton, Y. Souchon
2004, Hydroécologie Appliquée (14) 1-7
In 1991, Harvey Doerksen was able to write a memoir discussing 20 years of instream flow work (Doerksen 1991). He recalled coming into the field in about 1973, but points out that there were many dedicated professionals working on the front line of what has become known as the environmental...
Rabies in a captive colony of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)
V. Shankar, R. A. Bowen, A. D. Davis, C. E. Rupprecht, T. J. O'Shea
2004, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (40) 403-413
Our research has focused on the ecology of commensal populations of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA), in relation to rabies virus (RV) transmission. We captured 35 big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in late summer 2001 and held them captive for 4.8 mo. The bats were...
Flower and fruit production of understory shrubs in western Washington and Oregon
B. Wender, C. Harrington, J. C. Tappeiner II
2004, Northwest Science (78) 124-140
We observed flower and fruit production for nine understory shrub species in western Washington and Oregon and examined the relationships between shrub reproductive output and plant size, plant age, site factors, and overstory density to determine the factors that control flowering or fruiting in understory shrubs. In Washington, 50 or...
Invertebrate egg banks of restored, natural, and drained wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States
R.A. Gleason, N.H. Euliss Jr., D.E. Hubbard, W.G. Duffy
2004, Wetlands (24) 562-572
Analogous to ‘seed banks,’ ‘egg banks’ are important for seasonal succession and maintenance of invertebrate species diversity throughout wet and dry cycles in the prairie pothole region. Further, recruitment of invertebrates from relic egg banks in the sediments and dispersal of eggs into wetlands is believed to be important for...
Weathering controls on mechanisms of carbon storage in grassland soils
C.A. Masiello, O.A. Chadwick, J. Southon, M.S. Torn, J.W. Harden
2004, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (18) 1-9
On a sequence of soils developed under similar vegetation, temperature, and precipitation conditions, but with variations in mineralogical properties, we use organic carbon and 14C inventories to examine mineral protection of soil organic carbon. In these soils, 14C data indicate that the creation of slow-cycling carbon can be modeled as...
Pancam multispectral imaging results from the opportunity Rover at Meridiani Planum
J.F. Bell III, S. W. Squyres, R. E. Arvidson, H.M. Arneson, D. Bass, W. Calvin, W. H. Farrand, W. Goetz, M. Golombek, R. Greeley, J. Grotzinger, E. Guinness, A. G. Hayes, M.Y.H. Hubbard, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, M. J. Johnson, J. R. Johnson, J. Joseph, K.M. Kinch, M.T. Lemmon, R. Li, M.B. Madsen, J.N. Maki, M. Malin, E. McCartney, S. McLennan, H.Y. McSween Jr., D. W. Ming, R.V. Morris, E.Z. Noe Dobrea, T. J. Parker, J. Proton, J. W. Rice Jr., F. Seelos, J.M. Soderblom, Laurence A. Soderblom, J. N. Sohl-Dickstein, R.J. Sullivan, C.M. Weitz, M.J. Wolff
2004, Science (306) 1703-1709
Panoramic Camera (Pancam) images from Meridiani Planum reveal a low-albedo, generally flat, and relatively rock-free surface. Within and around impact craters and fractures, laminated outcrop rocks with higher albedo are observed. Fine-grained materials include dark sand, bright ferric iron-rich dust, angular rock clasts, and millimeter-size spheroidal granules that are eroding...
Status and reproduction of Gulf coast strain walleye in a Tombigbee River tributary
H.L. Schramm Jr., J. Hart, L. A. Hanson
2004, Southeastern Naturalist (3) 745-757
Walleye (Sander vitreus [Mitchill]) are native to rivers and streams in the Mobile River basin in Mississippi and Alabama. These populations comprise a genetically unique strain (Gulf coast walleye, GCW) and represent the southernmost distribution of walleye in the United States. Luxapallila Creek was considered an important spawning site for...
40Ar/39Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: Summit flows, tephra, and caldera collapse
C.J. Harpel, P.R. Kyle, R.P. Esser, W. C. McIntosh, D.A. Caldwell
2004, Bulletin of Volcanology (66) 687-702
Eruptive activity has occurred in the summit region of Mount Erebus over the last 95 ky, and has included numerous lava flows and small explosive eruptions, at least one plinian eruption, and at least one and probably two caldera-forming events. Furnace and laser step-heating 40Ar/39Ar ages have been determined for...
From in-situ coal to fly ash: A study of coal mines and power plants from Indiana
Maria Mastalerz, J.C. Hower, A. Drobniak, S.M. Mardon, G. Lis
2004, International Journal of Coal Geology (59) 171-192
This paper presents data on the properties of coal and fly ash from two coal mines and two power plants that burn single-source coal from two mines in Indiana. One mine is in the low-sulfur (<1%) Danville Coal Member of the Dugger Formation (Pennsylvanian) and the other mines the high-sulfur...
Comparison of seven protocols to identify fecal contamination sources using Escherichia coli
D. M. Stoeckel, M.V. Mathes, K.E. Hyer, C. Hagedorn, H. Kator, J. Lukasik, T. L. O’Brien, T.W. Fenger, M. Samadpour, K.M. Strickler, B.A. Wiggins
2004, Environmental Science & Technology (38) 6109-6117
Microbial source tracking (MST) uses various approaches to classify fecal-indicator microorganisms to source hosts. Reproducibility, accuracy, and robustness of seven phenotypic and genotypic MST protocols were evaluated by use of Escherichia coli from an eight-host library of known-source isolates and a separate, blinded challenge library. In reproducibility tests, measuring each...
Evidence for Late Holocene earthquakes on the Utsalady Point fault, Northern Puget Lowland, Washington
S. Y. Johnson, A.R. Nelson, S. F. Personius, R.E. Wells, H.M. Kelsey, B.L. Sherrod, K. Okumura, R. Koehler III, Robert C. Witter, L. A. Bradley, D.J. Harding
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 2299-2316
Trenches across the Utsalady Point fault in the northern Puget Lowland of Washington reveal evidence of at least one and probably two late Holocene earthquakes. The "Teeka" and "Duffers" trenches were located along a 1.4-km-long, 1-to 4-m-high, northwest-trending, southwest-facing, topographic scarp recognized from Airborne Laser Swath Mapping. Glaciomarine drift exposed...
Mercury speciation and microbial transformations in mine wastes, stream sediments, and surface waters at the Almaden Mining District, Spain
John E. Gray, Mark E. Hines, Pablo L. Higueras, Isaac Adatto, Brenda K. Lasorsa
2004, Environmental Science & Technology (38) 4285-4292
Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in mine wastes, sediments, and water collected from the Almade??n District, Spain, the world's largest Hg producing region. Our data for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from the Almade??n area. Concentrations of...
