Habitat associations and distributions of two endemic crayfishes, Cambarus (Erebicambarus) maculatus Hobbs & Pflieger, 1988 and Faxonius (Billecambarus) harrisonii (Faxon, 1884) (Decapoda: Astacoidea: Cambaridae), in the Meramec River drainage, Missouri, USA
J. Chilton, Amanda E. Rosenberger, Robert J. DiStefano
2020, Article
Understanding the habitat associations and distributions of rare species is important to inform management and policy decisions. Cambarus (Erebicambarus) maculatus Hobbs & Pflieger, 1988, the freckled crayfish, and Faxonius (Billecambarus) harrisonii (Faxon, 1884), the belted crayfish, are two of Missouri’s endemic crayfish species. Both...
3D fault architecture controls the dynamism of earthquake swarm
Z. Ross, Elizabeth S. Cochran, D. Trugman, Jonathan D. Smith
2020, Science (368) 1357-1361
The vibrant evolutionary patterns made by earthquake swarms are incompatible with standard, effectively two-dimensional (2D) models for general fault architecture. We leverage advances in earthquake monitoring with a deep-learning algorithm to image a fault zone hosting a 4-year-long swarm in southern California. We infer that fluids are naturally injected into...
Hurricane Sandy effects on coastal marsh elevation change
Alice G. Yeates, James Grace, Jennifer H. Olker, Glenn R. Guntenspergen, Donald R. Cahoon, Susan C. Adamowicz, Shimon C. Anisfeld, Nels Barrett, Alice Benzecry, Linda K. Blum, Rober T Christian, Joseph Grzyb, Ellen Kracauer Hartig, Kelly Hines Leo, Scott Lerberg, James C. Lynch, Nicole Maher, J Patrick Megonigal, William G. Reay, Drexel Siok, Adam Starke, Vincent Turner, Scott Warren
2020, Estuaries and Coasts (43) 1640-1657
High-magnitude storm events such as Hurricane Sandy are powerful agents of geomorphic change in coastal marshes, potentially altering their surface elevation trajectories. But how do a storm’s impacts vary across a large region spanning a variety of wetland settings and storm exposures and intensities. We determined the short-term impacts of...
The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Baird’s Sparrow (Centronyx bairdii)
Jill A. Shaffer, Lawrence D. Igl, Douglas H. Johnson, Marriah L. Sondreal, Christopher M. Goldade, Melvin P. Nenneman, Betty R. Euliss
2020, Professional Paper 1842-HH
Keys to Baird’s Sparrow (Centronyx bairdii) management are providing native or tame grasslands with moderately deep litter, controlling excessive grazing, and curtailing shrub encroachment. Baird’s Sparrows have been reported to use habitats with less than or equal to (≤) 101 centimeters (cm) average vegetation height, 3–46 cm visual obstruction reading...
Modified QuEChERS extraction for the analysis of young-of-year smallmouth bass using GC × GC-TOFMS
Paige Teehan, Megan K. Schall, Vicki S. Blazer, Beate Gruber, Frank L Dorman
2020, Analytical Methods (12) 3697-3704
Signs of disease, such as external lesions, have been prevalent in smallmouth bass throughout the Susquehanna River Basin, USA. Previous targeted chemical studies in this system have identified known persistent organic pollutants, but a common explanatory link across multiple affected sites remains undetermined. A fast and robust extraction method...
Can nutrient additions facilitate recovery of Pacific salmon?
Joseph R. Benjamin, James R Bellmore, Emily Whitney, Jason B. Dunham
2020, Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (77) 1601-1611
Multiple restoration actions have been implemented in response to declining salmon populations. Among these is the addition of salmon carcasses or artificial nutrients to mimic marine-derived nutrients historically provided by large spawning runs of salmon. A key assumption in this approach is...
Estimating the drivers of species distributions with opportunistic data using mediation analysis
D. B. Huberman, B. J. Reich, Krishna Pacifici, Jaime A. Collazo
2020, Ecosphere (11)
Ecological occupancy modeling has historically relied on high-quality, low-quantity designed-survey data for estimation and prediction. In recent years, there has been a large increase in the amount of high-quantity, unknown-quality opportunistic data. This has motivated research on how best to combine these two data sources in order to optimize inference....
Modeling Escherichia coli in the Missouri River near Omaha, Nebraska, 2012–16
Brenda K. Densmore, Brent M. Hall, Matthew T. Moser
2020, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5045
The city of Omaha, Nebraska, has a combined sewer system in some areas of the city. In Omaha, Nebr., a moderate amount of rainfall will lead to the combination of stormwater and untreated sewage or wastewater being discharged directly into the Missouri River and Papillion Creek and is called a...
Comparing trends in modeled and observed streamflows at minimally altered basins in the United States
Glenn A. Hodgkins, Robert W. Dudley, Amy M. Russell, Jacob H. LaFontaine
2020, Water (12)
We compared modeled and observed streamflow trends from 1984–2016 using five statistical transfer models and one deterministic, distributed-parameter, process-based model, for 26 flow metrics at 502 basins in the United States that are minimally influenced by development. We also looked at a measure of overall model fit and average bias....
Quantifying gas emissions associated with the 2018 rift eruption of Kīlauea Volcano using ground-based DOAS measurements
Christoph Kern, Allan Lerner, Tamar Elias, Patricia A. Nadeau, Lacey Holland, Peter J. Kelly, Cynthia Werner, Laura E. Clor, Michael Cappos
2020, Bulletin of Volcanology (82)
Starting on 3 May 2018, a series of eruptive fissures opened in Kīlauea Volcano’s lower East Rift Zone (LERZ). Over the course of the next 3 months, intense degassing accompanied lava effusion from these fissures. Here, we report on ground-based observations of the gas emissions associated with Kīlauea’s 2018 eruption....
Assessing the value of removing earthquake-hazard-related epistemic uncertainties, exemplified using average annual loss in California
Edward H. Field, Kevin R. Milner, Keith Porter
2020, Earthquake Spectra (36) 1912-1929
To aid in setting scientific research priorities, we assess the potential value of removing each of the epistemic uncertainties currently represented in the US Geological Survey California seismic-hazard model, using average annual loss (AAL) as the risk metric of interest. Given all the uncertainties, represented with logic-tree branches, we find...
Small basin annual yield and percentage of snowmelt runoff in North Dakota, 1931–2016
Tara Williams-Sether, Spencer L. Wheeling
2020, Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5144
The North Dakota hydrology manual prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, presents methodologies primarily used for developing hydrology for onfarm conservation practices, watershed projects, Resource Conservation and Development project measures, and river basin studies. The manual includes data necessary for determining hydrologic factors and developing a...
Geochemical modeling of iron and aluminum precipitation during mixing and neutralization of acid mine drainage
D. Kirk Nordstrom
2020, Minerals (10)
Geochemical modeling of precipitation reactions in the complex matrix of acid mine drainage is fundamental to understanding natural attenuation, lime treatment, and treatment procedures that separate constituents for potential reuse or recycling. The three main dissolved constituents in acid mine drainage are iron, aluminum, and sulfate. During...
Missouri StreamStats—St. Louis County and the City of St. Louis urban application
Rodney E. Southard, Tana Haluska, Joseph M. Richards, Jarrett T. Ellis, Christine Dartiguenave, Dean Djokic
2020, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5040
To address a major limitation of the functionality of the Missouri statewide StreamStats application in the urban areas of St. Louis County and the City of St. Louis, Missouri, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, defined watershed boundaries and hydrography for the study...
Conceptual framework and approach for conducting a geoenvironmental assessment of undiscovered uranium resources
Tanya J. Gallegos, Katherine Walton-Day, Robert R. Seal, II
2020, Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5104
This report presents a novel conceptual framework and approach for conducting a geologically based environmental assessment, or geoenvironmental assessment, of undiscovered uranium resources within an area likely to contain uranium deposits. The framework is based on a source-to-receptor model that prioritizes the most likely contaminant sources, contaminant pathways, and affected...
Kinematic rupture and 3D wave propagation simulations of the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake
Evan Tyler Hirakawa, Andrew J. Barbour
2020, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (110) 1644-1659
We model the kinematic rupture process of the 2019 Mw">MwMw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake using numerical simulations to reproduce the elastodynamic wave field observed by inertial seismometers, high‐rate Global Navigation Satellite System stations,...
Keeping it classy: Classification of live fish and ghost PIT tags detected with a mobile PIT tag interrogation system using an innovative analytical approach
J. Benjamin Stout, Mary Conner, Phaedra E. Budy, Peter Mackinnon, Mark McKinstry
2020, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (7) 1564-1573
The ability of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag data to improve demographic parameter estimates has led to the rapid advancement of PIT tag systems. However, ghost tags create uncertainty about detected tag status (i.e., live fish or ghost tag) when using mobile interrogation systems. We developed a method to differentiate...
Updating data inputs, assessing trends, and evaluating a method to estimate probable high groundwater levels in selected areas of Massachusetts
Janet R. Barclay, John R. Mullaney
2020, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5036
A method to estimate the probable high groundwater level in Massachusetts, excluding Cape Cod and the islands, was developed in 1981. The method uses a groundwater measurement from a test site, groundwater measurements from an index well, and a distribution of high groundwater levels from wells in similar geologic and...
Snow processes in mountain forests: Interception modeling for coarse-scale applications
N. Helbig, C. David Moeser, M. Teich, L. Vincent, Y. Lejeune, J.-E. Sicart, J.-M. Monnet
2020, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (24) 2545-2560
Snow interception by the forest canopy controls the spatial heterogeneity of subcanopy snow accumulation leading to significant differences between forested and nonforested areas at a variety of scales. Snow intercepted by the forest canopy can also drastically change the surface albedo. As such, accurately modeling snow interception is of importance...
Baseline conditions and projected future hydro-climatic change in National Parks in the conterminous United States
William A. Battaglin, Lauren Hay, David J. Lawrence, Gregory J. McCabe, Parker A. Norton
2020, Water (6)
The National Park Service (NPS) manages hundreds of parks in the United States, and many contain important aquatic ecosystems and/or threatened and endangered aquatic species vulnerable to hydro-climatic change. Effective management of park resources under future hydro-climatic uncertainty requires information on both baseline conditions and the range of projected future...
Conceptualizing alternate regimes in a large floodplain-river ecosystem
Kristen L. Bouska, Jeffrey N. Houser, Nathan R. De Jager, Deanne C. Drake, Scott F. Collins, Caniel K. Gibson-Reniemer, Meredith A. Thomsen
2020, Journal of Environmental Management (264)
Regime shifts –persistent changes in the structure and function of an ecosystem - are well-documented in many ecosystems but remain poorly understood in floodplain-river ecosystems. We apply a resilience perspective to large floodplain-river ecosystems by presenting three examples of plausible sets of alternate regimes that are relevant to natural resource...
Using a bayesian multistate occupancy model to assess seabird and shorebird status in Glacier Bay, Alaska
Steven L. Whitlock, Tania Lewis, James T. Peterson
2020, Wildlife Society Bulletin (44) 451-467
The U.S. Department of Interior National Park Service is charged with both monitoring avian communities and evaluating the influence of visitors to National Parks on sensitive species; however, this task is challenging considering that sampling programs often involve multiple species, each with differing behavior, habitat requirements,...
Mysterious tsunami in the Caribbean Sea following the 2010 Haiti earthquake possibly generated by dynamically triggered early aftershocks
Uri S. ten Brink, Yong Wei, Wenyuan Fan, Jose-Luis Granja-Bruna, Nathaniel C. Miller
2020, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (540)
Dynamically triggered offshore aftershocks, caused by passing seismic waves from main shocks located on land, are currently not considered in tsunami warnings. The M7.0 2010 Haiti earthquake epicenter was located on land 27 km north of the Caribbean Sea and its focal...
Moving beyond p<0.05 in ecotoxicology: A guide for practitioners
Richard A. Erickson, Barnett A. Rattner
2020, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (39) 1657-1669
Statistical inferences play a critical role in ecotoxicology. Historically, Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) has been the dominant method for inference in ecotoxicology. As a brief and informal definition of the NHST approach, researchers compare (or test) an experimental treatment or observation against a hypothesis of no relationship or effect...
Investigating the effects of land use and land cover on the relationship between moisture and reflectance using Landsat Time Series
Heather J. Tollerud, Jesslyn F. Brown, Thomas Loveland
2020, Remote Sensing (12)
To better understand the Earth system, it is important to investigate the interactions between precipitation, land use/land cover (LULC), and the land surface, especially vegetation. An improved understanding of these land-atmosphere interactions can aid understanding of the climate system and modeling of time series satellite data. Here, we investigate the...
