Nutrient mass balance and trends, Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi
D.A. Harned, J.B. Atkins, J.S. Harvill
2004, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (40) 765-793
A nutrient mass balance - accounting for nutrient inputs from atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, crop nitrogen fixation, and point source effluents; and nutrient outputs, including crop harvest and storage - was calculated for 18 subbasins in the Mobile River Basin, and trends (1970 to 1997) were evaluated as part of the...
The effectiveness of a barrier wall and underpasses in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida
C.K. Dodd Jr., W.J. Barichivich, L. L. Smith
2004, Biological Conservation (118) 619-631
Because of high numbers of animals killed on Paynes Prairie State Preserve, Alachua County, Florida, the Florida Department of Transportation constructed a barrier wall-culvert system to reduce wildlife mortality yet allow for passage of some animals across the highway. During a one year study following construction, we counted only 158...
Species boundaries, phylogeography, and conservation genetics of the red-legged frog (Rana aurora/draytonii) complex
H. Bradley Shaffer, Gary M. Fellers, S. Randal Voss, J. C. Oliver, Gregory B. Pauly
2004, Molecular Ecology (13) 2667-2677
The red-legged frog, Rana aurora, has been recognized as both a single, polytypic species and as two distinct species since its original description 150 years ago. It is currently recognized as one species with two geographically contiguous subspecies, aurora and draytonii; the latter is protected under the US Endangered Species Act....
Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y
J.D. Ortiz, S. B. O’Connell, J. DelViscio, W. Dean, J.D. Carriquiry, T. Marchitto, Yen Zheng, A. VanGeen
2004, Geology (32) 521-524
Studies of the Santa Barbara Basin off the coast of California have linked changes in its bottom-water oxygen content to millennial-scale climate changes as recorded by the oxygen isotope composition of Greenland ice. Through the use of detailed records from a sediment core collected off the Magdalena Margin of Baja...
Frequency-dependent Lg Q within the continental United States
D. Erickson, D.E. McNamara, H.M. Benz
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1630-1643
Frequency-dependent crustal attenuation (1/Q) is determined for seven distinct physiographic/tectonic regions of the continental United States using high-quality Lg waveforms recorded on broadband stations in the frequency band 0.5 to 16 Hz. Lg attenuation is determined from time-domain amplitude measurements in one-octave frequency bands centered on the frequencies 0.75, 1.0,...
Chemistry of burning the forest floor during the FROSTFIRE experimental burn, interior Alaska, 1999
J.W. Harden, J. C. Neff, D. V. Sandberg, M.R. Turetsky, R. Ottmar, G. Gleixner, T. L. Fries, K.L. Manies
2004, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (18)
Wildfires represent one of the most common disturbances in boreal regions, and have the potential to reduce C, N, and Hg stocks in soils while contributing to atmospheric emissions. Organic soil layers of the forest floor were sampled before and after the FROSTFIRE experimental burn in interior Alaska, and were...
A guided inquiry approach to learning the geology of the U.S
M.L. Leech, D. G. Howell, A.E. Egger
2004, Journal of Geoscience Education (52) 368-373
A guided inquiry exercise has been developed to help teach the geology of the U.S. This exercise is intended for use early in the school term when undergraduate students have little background knowledge of geology. Before beginning, students should be introduced to rock types and have a basic understanding of...
Periphyton response to increased light and salmon carcass introduction in northern California streams
H.E. Ambrose, M.A. Wilzbach, K.W. Cummins
2004, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (23) 701-712
Periphyton response to riparian canopy opening and salmon carcass addition in coastal streams of northern California was evaluated in a manipulative field experiment. The experiment followed a split-plot design, with streams as whole plots and two 100-m reaches in each of 6 streams as subplots. At the subplot level, riparian...
Proposed list of extinct, rare, and/or endangered microlichens in Wisconsin
J. P. Bennett, C. M. Wetmore
2004, Mycotaxon (89) 169-180
We propose that 41 species of macrolichens be listed for rare status in Wisconsin, along with 6 other species we think are now extinct in the state. Almost 60% of the species occur in the northern part of the state. Some of the extinct species occurred in the southern part....
Sensitivity analysis of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India
M.D. Petersen, B.K. Rastogi, E.S. Schweig, S. C. Harmsen, J.S. Gomberg
2004, Tectonophysics (390) 105-115
We test the sensitivity of seismic hazard to three fault source models for the northwestern portion of Gujarat, India. The models incorporate different characteristic earthquake magnitudes on three faults with individual recurrence intervals of either 800 or 1600 years. These recurrence intervals imply that large earthquakes occur on one of...
Chemical constituents in the Peedee and Castle Hayne aquifers: Porters Neck area, New Hanover County, North Carolina
T.L. Roberts, W.B. Harris
2004, Southeastern Geology (43) 81-102
Concerns about overuse and potential contamination of major aquifers in the southeastern part of North Carolina resulted in the initiation of a subsurface water quality study in February 2001. The focus of this study was to examine variations in nutrients (NO3-, TRP, SO42- Cl-, NH4+) and total dissolved Fe in...
Permeability-porosity data sets for sandstones
P. H. Nelson
2004, Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) (23) 1143-1144
Permeability-porosity relations vary from formation to formation, so it is desirable to obtain core and determine permeability (k) and porosity (φ) on core plugs in the laboratory for the formation of interest. If core data are not available, one might resort to data obtained in formations with similar properties. Analog...
Moisture content measurements of moss (Sphagnum spp.) using commercial sensors
K. Yoshikawa, P.P. Overduin, J.W. Harden
2004, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes (15) 309-318
Sphagnum (spp.) is widely distributed in permafrost regions around the arctic and subarctic. The moisture content of the moss layer affects the thermal insulative capacity and preservation of permafrost. It also controls the growth and collapse history of palsas and other peat mounds, and is relevant, in general terms, to...
Siberia snow depth climatology derived from SSM/I data using a combined dynamic and static algorithm
M. Grippa, N. Mognard, Toan T. Le, E.G. Josberger
2004, Remote Sensing of Environment (93) 30-41
One of the major challenges in determining snow depth (SD) from passive microwave measurements is to take into account the spatiotemporal variations of the snow grain size. Static algorithms based on a constant snow grain size cannot provide accurate estimates of snow pack thickness, particularly over large regions where the...
Burrowing mayflies as indicators of ecosystem health: Status of populations in two western Lake Superior embayments
Thomas A. Edsall, Owen T. Gorman, Lori M. Evrard
2004, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management (7) 507-513
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Environment Canada are supporting the development of indicators of ecosystem health that can be used to report on progress in restoring and maintaining the Great Lakes ecosystem, as called for in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada. One...
Dietary uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by rainbow trout
Robert F. Carline, Patrick M. Barry, H. George Ketola
2004, North American Journal of Aquaculture (66) 91-99
The presence of detectable levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in commercially produced fish feed has raised a concern about the degree of biomagnification of these contaminants in hatchery-reared trout. Our objectives were to (1) define the relationship between concentrations of PCBs in fish feed and in fish tissue and (2)...
Estimating accumulation rates and physical properties of sediment behind a dam: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, northern California
Noah P. Snyder, David M. Rubin, Charles N. Alpers, Jonathan R. Childs, Jennifer A. Curtis, Lorraine E. Flint, Scott Wright
2004, Water Resources Research (40)
Studies of reservoir sedimentation are vital to understanding scientific and management issues related to watershed sediment budgets, depositional processes, reservoir operations, and dam decommissioning. Here we quantify the mass, organic content, and grain-size distribution of a reservoir deposit in northern California by two methods of extrapolating measurements of sediment physical...
Summary of studies supporting cumulative effects analysis of upper Yellowstone River channel modifications
Gregor T. Auble, Zachary H. Bowen, Ken D. Bovee, Adrian H. Farmer, Natalie R. Sexton, Terry J. Waddle
2004, Open-File Report 2004-1442
During the last several decades, portions of the upper Yellowstone River have been modified for flood control and erosion prevention. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for administration of a permit program for evaluating construction activities affecting rivers, streams, and wetlands. The Corps regulates activities under the authority...
Ground-water pumpage and artificial recharge estimates for calendar year 2000 and average annual natural recharge and interbasin flow by hydrographic area, Nevada
Thomas J. Lopes, David M. Evetts
2004, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5239
Nevada's reliance on ground-water resources has increased because of increased development and surface-water resources being fully appropriated. The need to accurately quantify Nevada's water resources and water use is more critical than ever to meet future demands. Estimated ground-water pumpage, artificial and natural recharge, and interbasin flow can be used...
Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius
W. Marzocchi, L. Sandri, P. Gasparini, C. Newhall, Enzo Boschi
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (109) 1-18
We describe an event tree scheme to quantitatively estimate both long- and short-term volcanic hazard. The procedure is based on a Bayesian approach that produces a probability estimation of any possible event in which we are interested and can make use of all available information including theoretical models, historical and...
The Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag and barite deposit, northern Alaska: Evidence for replacement of carbonate by barite and sulfides
K.D. Kelley, Julie A. Dumoulin, S. Jennings
2004, Economic Geology (99) 1577-1591
The Anarraaq deposit in northern Alaska consists of a barite body, estimated to be as much as 1 billion metric tons, and a Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulfide zone with an estimated resource of about 18 Mt at 18 percent Zn, 5.4 percent Pb, and 85 g/t Ag. The barite and sulfide...
Multi-state analysis of the impacts of avian pox on a population of Serins (Serinus serinus): The importance of estimating recapture rates
J.C. Senar, M.J. Conroy
2004, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation (27) 133-146
Disease is one of the evolutionary forces shaping populations. Recent studies have shown that epidemics like avian pox, malaria, or mycoplasmosis have affected passerine population dynamics, being responsible for the decline of some populations or disproportionately killing males and larger individuals and thus selecting for specific morphotypes. However, few studies...
Comparison of seven protocols to identify fecal contamination sources using Escherichia coli
D. M. Stoeckel, M.V. Mathes, K.E. Hyer, C. Hagedorn, H. Kator, J. Lukasik, T. L. O’Brien, T.W. Fenger, M. Samadpour, K.M. Strickler, B.A. Wiggins
2004, Environmental Science & Technology (38) 6109-6117
Microbial source tracking (MST) uses various approaches to classify fecal-indicator microorganisms to source hosts. Reproducibility, accuracy, and robustness of seven phenotypic and genotypic MST protocols were evaluated by use of Escherichia coli from an eight-host library of known-source isolates and a separate, blinded challenge library. In reproducibility tests, measuring each...
From in-situ coal to fly ash: A study of coal mines and power plants from Indiana
Maria Mastalerz, J.C. Hower, A. Drobniak, S.M. Mardon, G. Lis
2004, International Journal of Coal Geology (59) 171-192
This paper presents data on the properties of coal and fly ash from two coal mines and two power plants that burn single-source coal from two mines in Indiana. One mine is in the low-sulfur (<1%) Danville Coal Member of the Dugger Formation (Pennsylvanian) and the other mines the high-sulfur...
Geophysical data reveal the crustal structure of the Alaska Range orogen within the aftershock zone of the Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake
M. A. Fisher, N. A. Ratchkovski, W. J. Nokleberg, L. Pellerin, J.M.G. Glen
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S107-S131
Geophysical information, including deep-crustal seismic reflection, magnetotelluric (MT), gravity, and magnetic data, cross the aftershock zone of the 3 November 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake. These data and aftershock seismicity, jointly interpreted, reveal the crustal structure of the right-lateral-slip Denali fault and the eastern Alaska Range orogen, as well...
