Estimating suspended solids concentrations from backscatter intensity measured by acoustic Doppler current profiler in San Francisco Bay, California
J. W. Gartner
2004, Marine Geology (211) 169-187
The estimation of mass concentration of suspended solids is one of the properties needed to understand the characteristics of sediment transport in bays and estuaries. However, useful measurements or estimates of this property are often problematic when employing the usual methods of determination from collected water samples or optical sensors....
Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius
W. Marzocchi, L. Sandri, P. Gasparini, C. Newhall, Enzo Boschi
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (109) 1-18
We describe an event tree scheme to quantitatively estimate both long- and short-term volcanic hazard. The procedure is based on a Bayesian approach that produces a probability estimation of any possible event in which we are interested and can make use of all available information including theoretical models, historical and...
California earthquake history
T. Toppozada, D. Branum
2004, Annals of Geophysics (47) 509-522
This paper presents an overview of the advancement in our knowledge of California's earthquake history since ??? 1800, and especially during the last 30 years. We first review the basic statewide research on earthquake occurrences that was published from 1928 through 2002, to show how the current catalogs and their...
Community heterogeneity of Early Pennsylvanian peat mires
Robert A. Gastaldo, I. M. Stevanovic-Walls, W.N. Ware, S.F. Greb
2004, Geology (32) 693-696
Reconstructions of Pennsylvanian coal swamps are some of the most common images of late Paleozoic terrestrial ecosystems. All reconstructions to date are based on data from either time-averaged permineralized peats or single-site collections. An erect, in situ Early Pennsylvanian forest preserved above the Blue Creek Coal, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama,...
Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location
David P. Schaff, G. H. R. Bokelmann, William L. Ellsworth, E. Zanzerkia, Felix Waldhauser, Gregory C. Beroza
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 705-721
Earthquake location using relative arrival time measurements can lead to dramatically reduced location errors and a view of fault-zone processes with unprecedented detail. There are two principal reasons why this approach reduces location errors. The first is that the use of differenced arrival times to solve for the vector separation...
Summary of studies supporting cumulative effects analysis of upper Yellowstone River channel modifications
Gregor T. Auble, Zachary H. Bowen, Ken D. Bovee, Adrian H. Farmer, Natalie R. Sexton, Terry J. Waddle
2004, Open-File Report 2004-1442
During the last several decades, portions of the upper Yellowstone River have been modified for flood control and erosion prevention. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for administration of a permit program for evaluating construction activities affecting rivers, streams, and wetlands. The Corps regulates activities under the authority...
Ground-water pumpage and artificial recharge estimates for calendar year 2000 and average annual natural recharge and interbasin flow by hydrographic area, Nevada
Thomas J. Lopes, David M. Evetts
2004, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5239
Nevada's reliance on ground-water resources has increased because of increased development and surface-water resources being fully appropriated. The need to accurately quantify Nevada's water resources and water use is more critical than ever to meet future demands. Estimated ground-water pumpage, artificial and natural recharge, and interbasin flow can be used...
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 88, 2004 July
Sara S. Russell, L. Folco, Monica M. Grady, M.E. Zolensky, R. Jones, K. Righter, J. Zipfel, J. N. Grossman
2004, Meteoritics and Planetary Science (39)
The Meteoritical Bulletin No. 88 lists information for 1610 newly classified meteorites, comprising 753 from Antarctica, 302 from Africa, 505 from Asia (495 of which are from Oman), 40 from North America, 5 from South America, 4 from Europe, and 1 of unknown origin. Information is provided for 9 falls...
Losses to single-family housing from ground motions in the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake
R. L. Wesson, D. M. Perkins, E. V. Leyendecker, R.J. Roth Jr., M.D. Petersen
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 1021-1045
The distributions of insured losses to single-family housing following the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake for 234 ZIP codes can be satisfactorily modeled with gamma distributions. Regressions of the parameters in the gamma distribution on estimates of ground motion, derived from ShakeMap estimates or from interpolated observations, provide a basis for...
Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese
A. C. Fowler, J.M. Eadie, Craig R. Ely
2004, Condor (106) 600-607
We studied patterns of relatedness and nesting dispersion in female Pacific Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) in Alaska. Female Greater White-fronted Geese are thought to be strongly philopatric and are often observed nesting in close association with other females. Analysis of the distribution of nests on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta...
Evidence for Late Holocene earthquakes on the Utsalady Point fault, Northern Puget Lowland, Washington
S. Y. Johnson, A.R. Nelson, S. F. Personius, R.E. Wells, H.M. Kelsey, B.L. Sherrod, K. Okumura, R. Koehler III, Robert C. Witter, L. A. Bradley, D.J. Harding
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 2299-2316
Trenches across the Utsalady Point fault in the northern Puget Lowland of Washington reveal evidence of at least one and probably two late Holocene earthquakes. The "Teeka" and "Duffers" trenches were located along a 1.4-km-long, 1-to 4-m-high, northwest-trending, southwest-facing, topographic scarp recognized from Airborne Laser Swath Mapping. Glaciomarine drift exposed...
Toward fisheries sustainability in North America: Issues, challenges, and strategies for action
D.D. MacDonald, E.E. Knudsen
2004, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2004) 271-281
Many fisheries in North America are severely depleted and trending downwards. In an effort to find ways of reversing this disturbing situation, the American Fisheries Society and the Sustainable Fisheries Foundation invited leading experts in fisheries science and aquatic resource management to share their thoughts and insights in this book....
Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods
J.B. Paces, L.A. Neymark, J. L. Wooden, H.M. Persing
2004, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (68) 1591-1606
Two novel methods of in situ isotope analysis, ion microprobe and microdigestion, were used for 230Th/U and 234U/238U dating of finely laminated opal hemispheres formed in unsaturated felsic tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, proposed site for a high-level radioactive waste repository. Both methods allow analysis of layers as many as...
Mesoscale spatial variability of selected aquatic invertebrate community metrics from a minimally impaired stream segment
J.B. Gebler
2004, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (23) 616-633
The related topics of spatial variability of aquatic invertebrate community metrics, implications of spatial patterns of metric values to distributions of aquatic invertebrate communities, and ramifications of natural variability to the detection of human perturbations were investigated. Four metrics commonly used for stream assessment were computed for 9 stream reaches...
Effect of bird maneuver on frequency-domain helicopter EM response
D.V. Fitterman, C. Yin
2004, Geophysics (69) 1203-1215
Bird maneuver, the rotation of the coil-carrying instrument pod used for frequency-domain helicopter electromagnetic surveys, changes the nominal geometric relationship between the bird-coil system and the ground. These changes affect electromagnetic coupling and can introduce errors in helicopter electromagnetic, (HEM) data. We analyze these effects for a layered half-space for...
Cloning, expression, cellular distribution, and role in chemotaxis of a C5a receptor in rainbow trout: The first identification of a C5a receptor in a nonmammalian species
Hani Boshra, Jun Li, Rodney Peters, John Hansen, Anjan Matlapudi, J. Oriol Sunyer
2004, Journal of Immunology (172) 4381-4390
C3a, C4a, and C5a anaphylatoxins generated during complement activation play a key role in inflammation. C5a is the most potent of the three anaphylatoxins in eliciting biological responses. The effects of C5a are mediated by its binding to C5a receptor (C5aR, CD88). To date, C5aR has only been identified and...
Dietary uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by rainbow trout
Robert F. Carline, Patrick M. Barry, H. George Ketola
2004, North American Journal of Aquaculture (66) 91-99
The presence of detectable levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in commercially produced fish feed has raised a concern about the degree of biomagnification of these contaminants in hatchery-reared trout. Our objectives were to (1) define the relationship between concentrations of PCBs in fish feed and in fish tissue and (2)...
Roosevelt elk density and social segregation: Foraging behavior and females avoiding larger groups of males
F. Weckerly, K. McFarland, M. Ricca, K. Meyer
2004, American Midland Naturalist (152) 386-399
Intersexual social segregation at small spatial scales is prevalent in ruminants that are sexually dimorphic in body size. Explaining social segregation, however, from hypotheses of how intersexual size differences affects the foraging process of males and females has had mixed results. We studied whether body size influences on forage behavior,...
Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y
J.D. Ortiz, S. B. O’Connell, J. DelViscio, W. Dean, J.D. Carriquiry, T. Marchitto, Yen Zheng, A. VanGeen
2004, Geology (32) 521-524
Studies of the Santa Barbara Basin off the coast of California have linked changes in its bottom-water oxygen content to millennial-scale climate changes as recorded by the oxygen isotope composition of Greenland ice. Through the use of detailed records from a sediment core collected off the Magdalena Margin of Baja...
Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
M.N. Gooseff, Diane M. McKnight, R.L. Runkel, J.H. Duff
2004, Limnology and Oceanography (49) 1884-1895
In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5–12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated...
Chimney damage in the greater Seattle area from the Nisqually earthquake of 28 February 2001
D. B. Booth, R.E. Wells, R. W. Givler
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1143-1158
Unreinforced brick chimneys in the greater Seattle area were damaged repeatedly in the Benioff zone earthquakes of 1949, 1965, and 2001. A survey of visible chimney damage after the 28 February 2001 Nisqually earthquake evaluated approximately 60,000 chimneys through block-by-block coverage of about 50 km2, identifying a total of 1556...
Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study
A.R. Stewart, S. N. Luoma, C.E. Schlekat, M.A. Doblin, K.A. Hieb
2004, Environmental Science & Technology (38) 4519-4526
Chemical contaminants disrupt ecosystems, but specific effects may be under-appreciated when poorly known processes such as uptake mechanisms, uptake via diet, food preferences, and food web dynamics are influential. Here we show that a combination of food web structure and the physiology of trace element accumulation explain why some species...
Water-soluble pesticides in finished water of community water supplies
R.H. Coupe, J. D. Blomquist
2004, Journal - American Water Works Association (96) 56-68
To evaluate the effect of the treatment process on pesticide concentration, source water and finished (treated) water samples were collected from 12 community water systems (CWSs) and analyzed for water-soluble pesticides. The pesticides most frequently detected in the source water were the triazine herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, prometon, and simazine) and...
Mortality in Laysan ducks (Anas laysanensis) by emaciation complicated by Echinuria uncinata on Laysan Island, Hawaii, 1993
Thierry M. Work, Carol U. Meteyer, Rebecca A. Cole
2004, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (40) 110-114
In November 1993, unusual mortality occurred among endangered Laysan ducks on Laysan Island, one of the remote refugia of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge (USA). Ten live ducks were emaciated, and blood samples documented anemia, heterophilia, and eosinophilia. Pathology in 13 duck carcasses revealed emaciation, marked thickening of...
Risk assessment and screening for potentially invasive fishes
C. Kolar
2004, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research (38) 391-397
Preventing the introduction of potentially invasive species is becoming more important as this worldwide problem continues to grow. The ability to predict the identity or range of potential invaders could influence regulatory decisions and help to optimally allocate resources to deal with ongoing invasions. One screening tool presented here, using...
