Nitrate and herbicide loading in two groundwater basins of Illinois' sinkhole plain
S.V. Panno, W.R. Kelly
2004, Journal of Hydrology (290) 229-242
This investigation was designed to estimate the mass loading of nitrate (NO3-) and herbicides in spring water discharging from groundwater basins in an agriculturally dominated, mantled karst terrain. The loading was normalized to land use and NO3- and herbicide losses were compared to estimated losses in other agricultural areas of...
Surface changes on Io during the Galileo mission
Paul E. Geissler, Alfred McEwen, Cynthia B. Phillips, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, John Spencer
2004, Icarus (169) 29-64
A careful survey of Galileo SSI global monitoring images revealed more than 80 apparent surface changes that took place on Io during the 5 year period of observation, ranging from giant plume deposits to subtle changes in the color or albedo of Patera surfaces. Explosive volcanic activity was discovered at...
Jurassic "savannah" - Plant taphonomy and climate of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic, Western USA)
Judith T. Parrish, F. Peterson, C.E. Turner
2004, Sedimentary Geology (167) 137-162
The Morrison Formation contains six plant taphofacies: Wood, whole-leaf, leaf-mat, root, common carbonaceous debris, and rare carbonaceous debris. None of these taphofacies is common in the Morrison; particularly striking is the paucity of wood, even in more reducing environments. The flora of the Morrison Formation is distinct in the Kimmeridgian...
Sedimentary processes of the lower Monterey Fan channel and channel-mouth lobe
I. Klaucke, D.G. Masson, Neil H. Kenyon, J.V. Gardner
2004, Marine Geology (206) 181-198
The distribution of deposits, sediment transport pathways and processes on the lower Monterey Fan channel and channel-mouth lobe (CML) are studied through the integration of GLORIA and TOBI sidescan sonar data with 7-kHz subbottom profiler records and sediment cores for ground-truthing. The lower Monterey channel is characterised by an up...
Comparative habitat use in a juniper woodland bird community
D.C. Pavlacky Jr., S.H. Anderson
2004, Western North American Naturalist (64) 376-384
We compared vegetation structure used by 14 bird species during the 1998 and 1999 breeding seasons to determine what habitat features best accounted for habitat division and community organization in Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands of southwestern Wyoming. Habitat use was quantified by measuring 24 habitat variables in 461 bird-centered...
Exploitation of pocket gophers and their food caches by grizzly bears
D.J. Mattson
2004, Journal of Mammalogy (85) 731-742
I investigated the exploitation of pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Yellowstone region of the United States with the use of data collected during a study of radiomarked bears in 1977-1992. My analysis focused on the importance of pocket gophers as a source of...
Water table fluctuations near an incised stream, Walnut Creek, Iowa
K. E. Schilling, Y.-K. Zhang, P. Drobney
2004, Journal of Hydrology (286) 236-248
Incised channels are common features in many agricultural watersheds, but the effects of channel incision on riparian water table conditions have been poorly documented. In this study, we evaluate the water table fluctuations in the floodplain near an incised stream (Walnut Creek, Iowa) and investigate the roles that channel incision...
Glaucous gull predation of goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Timothy D. Bowman, R.A. Stehn, K.T. Scribner
2004, Condor (106) 288-298
Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus) nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta frequently prey on juvenile waterfowl. We collected 434 Glaucous Gulls from late June to early August 1994 to examine diet. Identification of undigested prey tissue, based on DNA microsatellite loci, showed three species of goslings in gull stomachs: Emperor Goose...
How do frugivores track resources? Insights from spatial analyses of bird foraging in a tropical forest
J.F. Saracco, J.A. Collazo, Martha J. Groom
2004, Oecologia (139) 235-245
Frugivores often track ripe fruit abundance closely across local areas despite the ephemeral and typically patchy distributions of this resource. We use spatial auto- and cross-correlation analyses to quantify spatial patterns of fruit abundance and avian frugivory across a 4-month period within a forested 4.05-ha study grid in Puerto Rico....
A post-Galileo view of Io's interior
Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Windy L. Jaeger, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Moses P. Milazzo, Jani Radebaugh
2004, Icarus (169) 271-286
We present a self-consistent model for the interior of Io, taking the recent Galileo data into account. In this model, Io has a completely molten core, substantially molten mantle, and a very cold lithosphere. Heat from magmatic activity can mobilize volatile compounds such as SO2 in the lithosphere, and the...
Probabilistic assessment of precipitation-triggered landslides using historical records of landslide occurrence, Seattle, Washington
Jeffrey A. Coe, J. A. Michael, R. A. Crovelli, William U. Savage, W.D. Nashem, W.T. Laprade
2004, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (10) 103-122
Ninety years of historical landslide records were used as input to the Poisson and binomial probability models. Results from these models show that, for precipitation-triggered landslides, approximately 9 percent of the area of Seattle has annual exceedance probabilities of 1 percent or greater. Application of the Poisson model for estimating...
PCB impairs smoltification and seawater performance in anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
E.H. Jorgensen, O. Aas-Hansen, A.G. Maule, J.E.T. Strand, M.M. Vijayan
2004, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology (138) 203-212
The impacts of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure on smoltification and subsequent seawater performance were investigated in hatchery-reared, anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). The fish were subjected to a 2-month summer seawater residence, after which they were orally dosed with 0 (Control, C), 1 (Low Dose, LD) or 100 mg Aroclor...
The Hurricane-flood-landslide continuum-forecasting Hurricane effects at landfall
A. J. Negri, J. H. Golden, R. G. Updike
2004, Conference Paper, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
The integration of remote-sensing and in-situ observations, and assimilation of these observations into high-resolution mesoscale models was described. It was observed that the greatest loss of life and property is the direct result of the storm because of the high winds and heavy rain. The research were conducted to develop...
The role of water in gas hydrate dissociation
S. Circone, L.A. Stern, S. H. Kirby
2004, Journal of Physical Chemistry B (108) 5747-5755
When raised to temperatures above the ice melting point, gas hydrates release their gas in well-defined, reproducible events that occur within self-maintained temperature ranges slightly below the ice point. This behavior is observed for structure I (carbon dioxide, methane) and structure II gas hydrates (methane-ethane, and propane), including those formed...
Ad Duwayhi, Saudi Arabia: Geology and geochronology of a neoproterozoic intrusion-related gold system in the Arabian shield
Jeff L. Doebrich, S.G. Zahony, J.D. Leavitt, J.S. Portacio Jr., A.A. Siddiqui, Joseph L. Wooden, Robert J. Fleck, Holly J. Stein
2004, Economic Geology (99) 713-741
The Ad Duwayhi gold deposit, located in the east-central part of the Arabian shield, is the newest gold discovery in Saudi Arabia. Exploration to date has identified a gold resource of greater than 1 million ounces (oz) with significant potential for expansion. Gold mineralization was closely associated, in time...
ArcCN-Runoff: An ArcGIS tool for generating curve number and runoff maps
X. Zhan, M.-L. Huang
2004, Environmental Modelling and Software (19) 875-879
The development and the application of ArcCN-Runoff tool, an extension of ESRI@ ArcGIS software, are reported. This tool can be applied to determine curve numbers and to calculate runoff or infiltration for a rainfall event in a watershed. Implementation of GIS techniques such as dissolving, intersecting, and a curve-number reference...
A mechanical model of the San Andreas fault and SAFOD Pilot Hole stress measurements
J. Chery, Mark D. Zoback, S. Hickman
2004, Geophysical Research Letters (31)
Stress measurements made in the SAFOD pilot hole provide an opportunity to study the relation between crustal stress outside the fault zone and the stress state within it using an integrated mechanical model of a transform fault loaded in transpression. The results of this modeling indicate that only a fault...
Pesticides in surface water runoff in south-eastern New York State, USA: Seasonal and stormflow effects on concentrations
P. J. Phillips, R.W. Bode
2004, Conference Paper, Pest Management Science
Samples from two streams (Kisco River and the Middle Branch of the Croton River) in the Croton Reservoir system in south-eastern New York State, USA were sampled from May 2000 through to February 2001 in order to document the effect of land use, streamflow and seasonal patterns of application on...
Effects of behavioral and morphological plasticity on risk of predation in a Neotropical tadpole
P.B. McIntyre, S. Baldwin, A.S. Flecker
2004, Oecologia (141) 130-138
Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity is widespread among aquatic animals, however the relative contributions of behavioral and morphological shifts to reducing risk of predation remain uncertain. We tested the phenotypic plasticity of a Neotropical tadpole (Rana palmipes) in response to chemical cues from predatory Belostoma water bugs, and how phenotype affects risk...
Distribution and abundance of pelagic fish in Lake Powell, Utah, and Lake Mead, Arizona-Nevada
G.A. Mueller, M.J. Horn
2004, Western North American Naturalist (64) 306-311
Pelagic fish communities (waters with depths >20 m) of Lakes Powell and Mead were examined quarterly from 1995 to 1998 using vertical gill nets and a scientific echosounder. Nets captured a total of 449 fish consisting of striped bass (57%/45% [Lake Powell/Lake Mead]), threadfin shad (24%/50%), common carp (15%/4%), walleye...
Mineralogical maturity in dunefields of North America, Africa and Australia
D.R. Muhs
2004, Geomorphology (59) 247-269
Studies of dunefields in central and western North America show that mineralogical maturity can provide new insights into the origin and evolution of aeolian sand bodies. Many of the world's great sand seas in Africa, Asia and Australia are quartz-dominated and thus can be considered to be mineralogically mature. The...
Comparison of three underwater antennas for use in radiotelemetry
J.W. Beeman, C. Grant, P.V. Haner
2004, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (24) 275-281
The radiation patterns of three versions of underwater radiotelemetry antennas were measured to compare the relative reception ranges in the horizontal and vertical planes, which are important considerations when designing detection systems. The received signal strengths of an antenna made by stripping shielding from a section of coaxial cable (stripped...
Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada
G. J. Moridis, T. S. Collett, S.R. Dallimore, T. Satoh, S. Hancock, B. Weatherill
2004, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering (43) 219-238
The Mallik site represents an onshore permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulation in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada. A gas hydrate research well was drilled at the site in 1998. The objective of this study is the analysis of various gas production scenarios from five methane hydrate-bearing zones at the Mallik...
Depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue, para-toluenesulfonamide, from skin-on fillet tissue of hybrid striped bass, rainbow trout, and yellow perch
J.R. Meinertz, G. R. Stehly, Shari L. Greseth, M.P. Gaikowski, W.H. Gingerich
2004, Aquaculture (235) 65-75
Waterborne exposure to n-sodium-n-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T) is an effective treatment for controlling fish mortalities caused by bacterial gill disease (BGD). Currently, data are being generated to gain United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the use of chloramine-T in aquaculture. As part of the data required for an approval,...
An exact solution for effects of topography on free Rayleigh waves
W. Z. Savage
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1706-1727
An exact solution for the effects of topography on Rayleigh wave amplification is presented. The solution is obtained by incorporating conformal mapping into complex-variable stress functions developed for free Rayleigh wave propagation in an elastic half-space with a flat upper surface. Results are presented for free Rayleigh wave propagation across...
