Geologic history of natural coal-bed fires, Powder River basin, USA
E.L. Heffern, D. A. Coates
2004, International Journal of Coal Geology (59) 25-47
Coal-bed fires ignited by natural processes have baked and fused overlying sediments to form clinker, a hard red or varicolored rock, through much of the northern Great Plains of the United States (USA). The gently dipping coal beds in the region burn when regional downwasting brings them above the local...
Trace elements and common ions in southeastern Idaho snow: Regional air pollutant tracers for source area emissions
M. Abbott, J. Einerson, Peter Schuster, D. Susong, Howard E. Taylor
Benson S.A.Erickson T.A., editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Fuel Processing Technology
Snow sampling and analysis methods which produce accurate and ultra-low measurements of trace elements and common ion concentration in southeastern Idaho snow, were developed. Snow samples were collected over two winters to assess trace elements and common ion concentrations in air pollutant fallout across the southeastern Idaho. The area apportionment...
Airflows and turbulent flux measurements in mountainous terrain: Part 2: Mesoscale effects
A.A. Turnipseed, D.E. Anderson, S. Burns, P.D. Blanken, Russell K. Monson
2004, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (125) 187-205
The location of the Niwot Ridge Ameriflux site within the rocky mountains subjects it to airflows which are common in mountainous terrain. In this study, we examine the effects of some of these mesoscale features on local turbulent flux measurements; most notably, the formation of valley/mountain flows and mountain lee-side...
Influence of near-surface stratigraphy on coastal landslides at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Lake Michigan, USA
W. A. Barnhardt, B. E. Jaffe, R. E. Kayen, G.R. Cochrane
2004, Journal of Coastal Research (20) 510-522
Lake-level change and landslides are primary controls on the development of coastal environments along the coast of northeastern Lake Michigan. The late Quaternary geology of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore was examined with high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and boreholes. Based on sequence-stratigraphic principles, this study recognizes ten...
Populations dynamics of red brome (Bromus madritensis subsp. Rubens): Times for concern, opportunities for management
L. F. Salo
2004, Journal of Arid Environments (57) 291-296
Red brome is a Mediterranean winter annual grass that has invaded south-western USA deserts. Unlike native annuals, it does not maintain a soil seed bank, but exhibits early and uniform germination. Above-average winter precipitation in these regions allows red brome to reach high density and biomass. These are time for...
Late Miocene remagnetization within the internal sector of the Northern Apennines, Italy
I.W. Aiello, J.T. Hagstrum, G. Principi
2004, Tectonophysics (383) 1-14
Paleomagnetic and geologic evidence indicates that Upper Jurassic radiolarian cherts of both the Tuscan Cherts Formation (continental margin, Tuscan Units) and the Monte Alpe Cherts Formation (oceanic crust, Ligurian Units) were remagnetized during Miocene orogenesis of the Northern Apennines of Italy. Characteristic overprint magnetizations with reversed polarities have been found...
Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204
A.M. Trehu, P.E. Long, M.E. Torres, G. Bohrmann, F.R. Rack, T. S. Collett, D.S. Goldberg, A.V. Milkov, M. Riedel, P. Schultheiss, N.L. Bangs, S. R. Barr, W.S. Borowski, George E. Claypool, M.E. Delwiche, G.R. Dickens, E. Gracia, G. Guerin, M. Holland, J.E. Johnson, Y.-J. Lee, C.-S. Liu, X. Su, B. Teichert, H. Tomaru, M. Vanneste, M. E. Watanabe, J.L. Weinberger
2004, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (222) 845-862
Large uncertainties about the energy resource potential and role in global climate change of gas hydrates result from uncertainty about how much hydrate is contained in marine sediments. During Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) to the accretionary complex of the Cascadia subduction zone, we sampled the gas...
Gene expression fingerprints of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents
N. D. Denslow, J. Kocerha, M. S. Sepulveda, Timothy Gross, S. E. Holm
2004, Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis (552) 19-34
Effluents from pulp and paper mills that historically have used elemental chlorine in the bleaching process have been implicated in inhibiting reproduction in fish. Compounds with estrogenic and androgenic binding affinities have been found in these effluents, suggesting that the impairment of reproduction is through an endocrine-related mode of action....
High resolution paleoceanography of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15 000 years
J.A. Barron, D. Bukry, J. L. Bischoff
2004, Marine Micropaleontology (50) 185-207
Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 480 (27??54.10???N, 111??39.34???W; 655 m water depth) contains a high resolution record of paleoceanographic change of the past 15 000 years for the Guaymas Basin, a region of very high diatom productivity within the central Gulf of California. Analyses of diatoms and silicoflagellates were completed...
Application of SAXS and SANS in evaluation of porosity, pore size distribution and surface area of coal
A. P. Radlinski, Maria Mastalerz, A.L. Hinde, M. Hainbuchner, H. Rauch, M. Baron, J.S. Lin, L. Fan, P. Thiyagarajan
2004, International Journal of Coal Geology (59) 245-271
This paper discusses the applicability of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques for determining the porosity, pore size distribution and internal specific surface area in coals. The method is noninvasive, fast, inexpensive and does not require complex sample preparation. It uses coal grains of...
Hawaiian submarine manganese-iron oxide crusts - A dating tool?
J.G. Moore, D.A. Clague
2004, Geological Society of America Bulletin (116) 337-347
Black manganese-iron oxide crusts form on most exposed rock on the ocean floor. Such crusts are well developed on the steep lava slopes of the Hawaiian Ridge and have been sampled during dredging and submersible dives. The crusts also occur on fragments detached from bedrock...
Spatial and temporal patterns of debris flow deposition in the Oregon Coast Range, USA
Christine L. May, Robert E. Gresswell
2004, Journal of Geomorphology (57) 135-149
Patterns of debris-flow occurrence were investigated in 125 headwater basins in the Oregon Coast Range. Time since the previous debris-flows was established using dendrochronology, and recurrence interval estimates ranged from 98 to 357 years. Tributary basins with larger drainage areas had a greater abundance of potential landslide source areas and...
Littoral Assessment of Mine Burial Signatures (LAMBS) buried land mine/background spectral signature analyses
A.C. Kenton, D.M. Geci, K.J. Ray, C.M. Thomas, J.W. Salisbury, J.C. Mars, J.K. Crowley, N.H. Witherspoon, J.H. Holloway Jr.
J.H. Harmon R.S.Broach J.T.Holloway, editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The objective of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Rapid Overt Reconnaissance (ROR) program and the Airborne Littoral Reconnaissance Technologies (ALRT) project's LAMBS effort is to determine if electro-optical spectral discriminants exist that are useful for the detection of land mines in littoral regions. Statistically significant buried mine overburden and...
Spring onset in the Sierra Nevada: When is snowmelt independent of elevation?
J.D. Lundquist, D.R. Cayan, M. D. Dettinger
2004, Journal of Hydrometeorology (5) 327-342
Short-term climate and weather systems can have a strong influence on mountain snowmelt, sometimes overwhelming the effects of elevation and aspect. Although most years exhibit a spring onset that starts first at lowest and moves to highest elevations, in spring 2002, flow in a variety of streams...
Geochemistry of glacial sediments in the area of the Bend massive sulfide deposit, north-central Wisconsin
L. G. Woodruff, J.W. Attig, W.F. Cannon
2004, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (82) 97-109
Geochemical exploration in northern Wisconsin has been problematic because of thick glacial overburden and complex stratigraphic record of glacial history. To assess till geochemical exploration in an area of thick glacial cover and complex stratigraphy samples of glacial materials were collected from cores from five rotasonic boreholes near a known...
Effects of the benthic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula on larval recruitment of the reef corals Acropora surculosa and Pocillopora damicornis
I. B. Kuffner, V.J. Paul
2004, Coral Reefs (23) 455-458
[No abstract available]...
Grassland vegetation and bird communities in the southern Great Plains of North America
R.N. Chapman, David M. Engle, R.E. Masters, David M. Leslie Jr.
2004, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (104) 577-585
Structure and composition of vegetation and abundance of breeding birds in grasslands seeded to Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischmaeum) were compared to native mixed prairie in the southern Great Plains of North America. Abundance of birds was determined using fixed-radius point counts. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to compare plant...
Mapping of the Culann-Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data
D.A. Williams, Paul M. Schenk, Jeffrey M. Moore, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Windy L. Jaeger, Jani Radebaugh, Moses P. Milazzo, Rosaly Lopes, Ronald Greeley
2004, Icarus (169) 80-97
We have used Galileo spacecraft data to produce a geomorphologic map of the Culann–Tohil region of Io's antijovian hemisphere. This region includes a newly discovered shield volcano, Tsũi Goab Tholus and a neighboring bright flow field, Tsũi Goab Fluctus, the active Culann Patera and the enigmatic Tohil Mons-Radegast Patera–Tohil Patera complex. Analysis...
Estimating tectonic history through basin simulation-enhanced seismic inversion: Geoinformatics for sedimentary basins
K. Tandon, K. Tuncay, K. Hubbard, J. Comer, P. Ortoleva
2004, Geophysical Journal International (156) 129-139
A data assimilation approach is demonstrated whereby seismic inversion is both automated and enhanced using a comprehensive numerical sedimentary basin simulator to study the physics and chemistry of sedimentary basin processes in response to geothermal gradient in much greater detail than previously attempted. The approach not only reduces costs by...
Source and redox controls on metallogenic variations in intrusion-related ore systems, Tombstone-Tungsten Belt, Yukon Territory, Canada
C.J.R. Hart, J.L. Mair, R.J. Goldfarb, D.I. Groves
2004, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences (95) 339-356
The Tombstone, Mayo and Tungsten plutonic suites of granitic intrusions, collectively termed the Tombstone-Tungsten Belt, form three geographically, mineralogically, geochemically and metallogenically distinct plutonic suites. The granites (sensu lato) intruded the ancient North American continental margin of the northern Canadian Cordillera as part of a single magmatic episode in the...
Habitat selection by tundra swans on Northern Alaska breeding grounds
Susan L. Earnst, T. Rothe
2004, Waterbirds (27) 224-233
Habitat selection by the Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) was evaluated on the Colville River Delta prior to oil field development (1982-1989). Tundra Swan territories comprised a lake, used for refuge and foraging, and terrestrial habitats and ponds near the lake's perimeter used for foraging and nesting. Tundra swan sightings...
Toward fisheries sustainability in North America: Issues, challenges, and strategies for action
D.D. MacDonald, E.E. Knudsen
2004, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2004) 271-281
Many fisheries in North America are severely depleted and trending downwards. In an effort to find ways of reversing this disturbing situation, the American Fisheries Society and the Sustainable Fisheries Foundation invited leading experts in fisheries science and aquatic resource management to share their thoughts and insights in this book....
Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker
L.S. Watrud, E.H. Lee, A. Fairbrother, C. Burdick, J.R. Reichman, M. Bollman, M. Storm, G. King, Peter K. Van De Water
2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (101) 14533-14538
Sampling methods and results of a gene flow study are described that will be of interest to plant scientists, evolutionary biologists, ecologists, and stakeholders assessing the environmental safety of transgenic crops. This study documents gene flow on a landscape level from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), one of the first...
Clay-catalyzed reactions of coagulant polymers during water chlorination
J.-F. Lee, P.-M. Liao, C.-K. Lee, H.-P. Chao, C.-L. Peng, C. T. Chiou
2004, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (270) 381-387
The influence of suspended clay/solid particles on organic-coagulant reactions during water chlorination was investigated by analyses of total product formation potential (TPFP) and disinfection by-product (DBP) distribution as a function of exchanged clay cation, coagulant organic polymer, and reaction time. Montmorillonite clays appeared to act as a catalytic center where...
Migration of dispersive GPR data
M.H. Powers, C.P. Oden
Slob E.Yarovoy A.Rhebergen J.B., editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004
Electrical conductivity and dielectric and magnetic relaxation phenomena cause electromagnetic propagation to be dispersive in earth materials. Both velocity and attenuation may vary with frequency, depending on the frequency content of the propagating energy and the nature of the relaxation phenomena. A minor amount of velocity dispersion is associated with...
