Determination of the relative uptake of ground vs. surface water by Populus deltoides during phytoremediation
B.D. Clinton, J.M. Vose, D.A. Vroblesky, G. J. Harvey
2004, International Journal of Phytoremediation (6) 239-252
The use of plants to remediate polluted groundwater is becoming an attractive alternative to more expensive traditional techniques. In order to adequately assess the effectiveness of the phytoremediation treatment, a clear understanding of water-use habits by the selected plant species is essential. We examined the relative uptake of surface water...
Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999
M.J. Moran, W.W. Lapham, B.L. Rowe, J.S. Zogorski
2004, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (40) 1141-1157
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected or compiled data on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in samples of untreated ground water from 1,926 rural private wells during 1986 to 1999. At least one VOC was detected in 12 percent of samples from rural private wells. Individual VOCs were not commonly detected...
Investigation of the low-depression velocity layer in desert area by multichannel analysis of surface-wave method
S. Cheng, G. Tian, J. Xia, H. He, Z. Shi
Chen C.Xia J., editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004
The multichannel analysis of surface-wave method (MASW) is a newly development method. The method has been employed in various applications in environmental and engineering geophysics overseas. However, It can only be found a few case studies in China. Most importantly, there is no application of the MASW in desert area...
Survival rates, mortality causes, and habitats of Pennsylvania white-tailed deer fawns
J.K. Vreeland, Duane R. Diefenbach, B.D. Wallingford
2004, Wildlife Society Bulletin (32) 542-553
Estimates of survival and cause-specific mortality of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns are important to population management. We quantified cause-specific mortality, survival rates, and habitat characteristics related to fawn survival in a forested landscape and an agricultural landscape in central Pennsylvania. We captured and radiocollared neonatal (<3 weeks) fawns in...
Natural Attenuation Software (NAS): A computer program for estimating remediation times of contaminated groundwater
E. Mendez, M. Widdowson, S. Brauner, F. Chapelle, C. Casey
Latini G.Passerini G.Brebbia C.A., editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Environmental Studies
This paper describes the development and application of a modeling system called Natural Attenuation Software (NAS). NAS was designed as a screening tool to estimate times of remediation (TORs), associated with monitored natural attenuation (MNA), to lower groundwater contaminant concentrations to regulatory limits. Natural attenuation processes that NAS models include...
Comparison of estimates of uncertainty of discharge at US geological survey index-velocity gages on the Chicago sanitary and ship canal, Illinois
T.M. Over, James J. Duncker, J. A. Gonzalez-Castro
Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K., editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management
Estimates of uncertainty of discharge at time scales from 5 minutes to 1 year were obtained for two index-velocity gages on the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC), Ill., instrumented with acoustic velocity meters (AVMs). The velocity measurements obtained from the AVMs are corrected to a mean channel velocity by...
Stress field variations in the Swiss Alps and the northern Alpine foreland derived from inversion of fault plane solutions
U. Kastrup, M.L. Zoback, N. Deichmann, Kenneth F. Evans, D. Giardini, A.J. Michael
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (109)
This study is devoted to a systematic analysis of the state of stress of the central European Alps and northern Alpine foreland in Switzerland based on focal mechanisms of 138 earthquakes with magnitudes between 1 and 5. The most robust feature of the results is that the azimuth of the...
Ultra-high chlorine in submarine Kı̄lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma
Michelle L. Coombs, Thomas W. Sisson, Jun-Ichi Kimura
2004, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (217) 297-313
Basaltic glass grains from the submarine south flank of Kı̄lauea, Hawai′i, have Cl concentrations of 0.01–1.68 wt%, the latter being the highest Cl content yet recorded for a Hawaiian glass. The high-Cl glass grains are products of brine assimilation by tholeiite magma. The glasses are grains in a sandstone clast...
Gas evolution in eruptive conduits: Combining insights from high temperature and pressure decompression experiments with steady-state flow modeling
M. Mangan, L. Mastin, T. Sisson
2004, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (129) 23-36
In this paper we examine the consequences of bubble nucleation mechanism on eruptive degassing of rhyolite magma. We use the results of published high temperature and pressure decompression experiments as input to a modified version of CONFLOW, the numerical model of Mastin and Ghiorso [(2000) U.S.G.S. Open-File Rep. 00-209, 53...
Timing of oil and gas generation of petroleum systems in the Southwestern Wyoming Province
L. N. R. Roberts, M. D. Lewan, T.M. Finn
2004, Mountain Geologist (41) 87-118
Burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of petroleum generation were modeled for eight key source-rock horizons at seven locations throughout the Southwestern Wyoming Province. The horizons are the bases of the Lower Permian Phosphoria Formation, the Upper Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Niobrara Formation, Baxter Shale (and equivalents), upper part of the...
Century-scale movement of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone linked to solar variability
R.Z. Poore, T. M. Quinn, S. Verardo
2004, Geophysical Research Letters (31)
The abundance of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer in Gulf of Mexico (GOM) sediments is a proxy for the influx of Caribbean surface waters (the Loop Current) into the GOM. Penetration of the Loop Current into the GOM is related to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ): northward...
Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000)
T.G. Huntington, G.A. Hodgkins, B.D. Keim, R. W. Dudley
2004, Journal of Climate (17) 2626-2636
The ratio of snow to total precipitation (S/P) is a hydrologic indicator that is sensitive to climate variability and can be used to detect and monitor hydrologic responses to climatic change. Changes in S/P ratio over time could influence the magnitude and timing of spring runoff and recession to summer...
Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery
Z. Lu, Russ Rykhus, Timothy Masterlark, K.G. Dean
2004, Remote Sensing of Environment (91) 345-353
Field mapping of young lava flows at Aleutian volcanoes is logistically difficult, and the utility of optical images from aircraft or satellites for this purpose is greatly reduced by persistent cloud cover. These factors have hampered earlier estimates of the areas and volumes of three young lava flows at Westdahl...
Estimation of contraction scour in riverbed using SERF
J. Jiang, N. K. Ganju, A.J. Mehta
2004, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering (130) 215-218
Contraction scour in a firm-clay estuarine riverbed is estimated at an oil-unloading terminal at the Port of Haldia in India, where a scour hole attained a maximum depth greater than 5 m relative to the original bottom. A linear equation for the erosion flux as a function of the excess...
Use of spatial statistics and isotopic tracers to measure the influence of arsenical pesticide use on stream sediment chemistry in New England, USA
G.R. Robinson Jr., R. A. Ayuso
2004, Conference Paper, Applied Geochemistry
Arsenical pesticides and herbicides, principally Pb arsenate, Ca arsenate, and Na arsenate with lesser use of other metal-As pesticides, were widely applied on apple, blueberry, and potato crops in New England during the first half of the twentieth century. Agricultural census data for this time period is used to define...
Structural geology of the proposed site area for a high-level radioactive waste repository, Yucca Mountain, Nevada
C. J. Potter, W. C. Day, D. S. Sweetkind, R. P. Dickerson
2004, Geological Society of America Bulletin (116) 858-879
Geologic mapping and fracture studies have documented the fundamental patterns of joints and faults in the thick sequence of rhyolite tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed site of an underground repository for high-level radioactive waste. The largest structures are north-striking, block-bounding normal faults (with a subordinate left-lateral component) that...
Constraining the slip distribution and fault geometry of the Mw 7.9, 3 November 2002, Denali fault earthquake with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System data
Tim J. Wright, Z. Lu, Charles Wicks
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) S175-S189
The Mw 7.9, Denali fault earthquake (DFE) is the largest continental strike-slip earthquake to occur since the development of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). We use five interferograms, constructed using radar images from the Canadian Radarsat-1 satellite, to map the surface deformation at the western end of the fault rupture....
The estuarine chemistry and isotope systematics of 234,238U in the Amazon and Fly Rivers
P. Swarzenski, P. Campbell, D. Porcelli, B. McKee
2004, Continental Shelf Research (24) 2357-2372
Natural concentrations of 238U and ??234U values were determined in estuarine surface waters and pore waters of the Amazon and Fly (Papua New Guinea) Rivers to investigate U transport phenomena across river-dominated land-sea margins. Discharge from large, tropical rivers is a major source of dissolved and solid materials transported to...
Observations of deep long-period (DLP) seismic events beneath Aleutian arc volcanoes; 1989-2002
J.A. Power, S.D. Stihler, R.A. White, S.C. Moran
2004, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (138) 243-266
Between October 12, 1989 and December 31, 2002, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) located 162 deep long-period (DLP) events beneath 11 volcanic centers in the Aleutian arc. These events generally occur at mid- to lower-crustal depths (10-45 km) and are characterized by emergent phases, extended codas, and a strong...
The rise and fall of water hyacinth in Lake Victoria and the Kagera River basin, 1989-2001
Thomas P. Albright, T.G. Moorhouse, T.J. McNabb
2004, Journal of Aquatic Plant Management (42) 73-84
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is an invasive aquatic macrophyte associated with major negative economic and ecological impacts to the Lake Victoria region since the plant's establishment in Uganda in the 1980s. Reliable estimates of water hyacinth distribution and extent are required to gauge the severity of the problem...
Modeling selenium bioaccumulation through arthropod food webs in San Francisco Bay, California, USA
C.E. Schlekat, D.G. Purkerson, S. N. Luoma
2004, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (23) 3003-3010
Trophic transfer is the main process by which upper trophic level wildlife are exposed to selenium. Transfers through lower levels of a predator's food web thus can be instrumental in determining the threat of selenium in an ecosystem. Little is known about Se transfer through pelagic,...
9000 years of salmon fishing on the Columbia River, North America
V.L. Butler, J. E. O’Connor
2004, Quaternary Research (62) 1-8
A large assemblage of salmon bones excavated 50 yr ago from an ???10,000-yr-old archaeological site near The Dalles, Oregon, USA, has been the primary evidence that early native people along the Columbia River subsisted on salmon. Recent debate about the human role in creating the deposit prompted excavation of additional...
The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations
J. L. Anderson, V. Balaji, A.J. Broccoli, W.F. Cooke, T.L. Delworth, K.W. Dixon, L.J. Donner, K.A. Dunne, S.M. Freidenreich, S.T. Garner, R.G. Gudgel, C.T. Gordon, I.M. Held, R.S. Hemler, L.W. Horowitz, S.A. Klein, T.R. Knutson, P.J. Kushner, A.R. Langenhost, N.-C. Lau, Z. Liang, S.L. Malyshev, P. C. D. Milly, M.J. Nath, J.J. Ploshay, V. Ramaswamy, M.D. Schwarzkopf, E. Shevliakova, J.J. Sirutis, B.J. Soden, W.F. Stern, L.A. Thompson, R.J. Wilson, A.T. Wittenberg, B.L. Wyman
2004, Journal of Climate (17) 4641-4673
The configuration and performance of a new global atmosphere and land model for climate research developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are presented. The atmosphere model, known as AM2, includes a new gridpoint dynamical core, a prognostic cloud scheme, and a multispecies aerosol climatology, as well as components...
The Coso EGS project - Recent developments
P. Rose, J. Sheridan, J. McCulloch, J.N. Moore, K. Kovac, P. Spielman, R. Weidler, S. Hickman
2004, Conference Paper, Geothermal Energy -- The Reliable Renewable
An Engineered Geothermal System (EGS) field experiment will be conducted to hydraulically stimulate injection well 34-9RD2, located on the east flank of the Coso geothermal reservoir, with the objective of increasing the injection rate of this well to 750 gpm at a wellhead pressure of 100 psi or less. The...
Non-invasive exploration in an environmentally sensitive world
K.E. Livo, D. H. Knepper Jr.
2004, Conference Paper, 2004 SME Annual Meeting Preprints
Modern remote sensing provides a means for locating and characterizing exposed mineralized systems in many parts of the world. These capabilities are non-invasive and help target specific areas for more detailed exploration. An example of how remote sensing technology can be used is evident from a study of the Questa...
