Geology, coal quality, and resources of the Antaramut-Kurtan-Dzoragukh coal field, north-central Armenia
B.S. Pierce, A. Martirosyan, G. Malkhasian, S. Harutunian, G. Harutunian
2001, International Journal of Coal Geology (45) 267-279
The Antaramut-Kurta-Dzoragukh (AKD) coal deposit is a previously unrecognized coal field in north-central Armenia. Coal has been known to exist in the general vicinity since the turn of the century, but coal was thought to be restricted to a small (1 km2) area only near the village of Antaramut. However,...
Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexes in the lead(II)-malonic acid-hematite system
J.J. Lenhart, J.R. Bargar, J.A. Davis
2001, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (234) 448-452
Using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements, we examined the sorption of Pb(II) to hematite in the presence of malonic acid. Pb LIII-edge EXAFS measurements performed in the presence of malonate indicate the presence of...
A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography
T. Parsons, R.J. Blakely, T.M. Brocher
2001, International Geology Review (43) 1073-1086
The geologic structure of the Earth's upper crust can be revealed by modeling variation in seismic arrival times and in potential field measurements. We demonstrate a simple method for sequentially satisfying seismic traveltime and observed gravity residuals in an iterative 3-D inversion. The algorithm is portable to any seismic analysis...
A comparison of U.S. geological survey seamless elevation models with shuttle radar topography mission data
D. Gesch, J. Williams, W. Miller
2001, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
Elevation models produced from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data will be the most comprehensive, consistently processed, highest resolution topographic dataset ever produced for the Earth's land surface. Many applications that currently use elevation data will benefit from the increased availability of data with higher accuracy, quality, and resolution, especially...
Kullback-Leibler information in resolving natural resource conflicts when definitive data exist
David R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham, Gary C. White
2001, Wildlife Society Bulletin (29) 1260-1270
Conflicts often arise in the management of natural resources. Often they result from differing perceptions, varying interpretations of the law, and self-interests among stakeholder groups (for example, the values and perceptions about spotted owls and forest management differ markedly among environmental groups, government regulatory agencies, and timber industries). We extend...
Evolution of continental slope gullies on the northern California margin
G.A. Spinelli, M.E. Field
2001, Journal of Sedimentary Research (71) 237-245
A series of subparallel, downslope-trending gullies on the northern California continental slope is revealed on high-resolution seismic reflection profiles imaging the uppermost 50 m of sediment. The gullies are typically 100 m wide and have 1 to 3 m of relief. They extend for 10 to 15 km down the...
Influence of mining-related activities on concentrations of metals in water and sediment from streams of the Black Hills, South Dakota
T.W. May, Ray H. Wiedmeyer, J. Gober, S. Larson
2001, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (40) 1-9
Water and sediment samples were collected from streams in Spearfish Creek, Whitewood Creek, and Bear Butte Creek watersheds in the Black Hills, SD, an area impacted by gold mining operations. Arsenic concentrations that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Concentration Limit of 50 μg/L for drinking water were found...
Interoperability and information discovery
E. Christian
2001, New Review of Information Networking (7) 5-26
In the context of information systems, there is interoperability when the distinctions between separate information systems are not a barrier to accomplishing a task that spans those systems. Interoperability so defined implies that there are commonalities among the systems involved and that one can exploit such commonalities to achieve interoperability....
Toward a national fuels mapping strategy: Lessons from selected mapping programs
Thomas R. Loveland
2001, International Journal of Wildland Fire (10) 289-299
The establishment of a robust national fuels mapping program must be based on pertinent lessons from relevant national mapping programs. Many large-area mapping programs are under way in numerous Federal agencies. Each of these programs follows unique strategies to achieve mapping goals and objectives. Implementation approaches range from highly centralized...
Physiography and late Quaternary-Holocene processes of Northeastern Gulf of Mexico outer continental shelf off Mississippi and Alabama
J.V. Gardner, P. Dartnell, K. J. Sulak, B. Calder, L. Hellequin
2001, Gulf of Mexico Science (19) 132-157
High-resolution multibeam mapping of the mid- and outer continental shelf and upper slope off Mississippi and Alabama reveals a complex bathymetry that reflects conditions during the last eustatic rise and the present high stand of sea level. The most prominent bathymetric features are pinnacles and hardgrounds that are scattered throughout...
Identifying determinants of nations' wetland management programs using structural equation modeling: An exploratory analysis
M.K. La Peyre, I.A. Mendelssohn, M.A. Reams, P.H. Templet, J.B. Grace
2001, Environmental Management (27) 859-868
Integrated management and policy models suggest that solutions to environmental issues may be linked to the socioeconomic and political Characteristics of a nation. In this study, we empirically explore these suggestions by applying them to the wetland management activities of nations. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate a model...
Wisconsin Glaciation of the Sierra Nevada (79,000-15,000 yr B.P.) as recorded by rock flour in sediments of Owens Lake, California
J. L. Bischoff, K. Cummins
2001, Quaternary Research (55) 14-24
Chemical analyses of the clay-sized fractions of 564 continuous sediment samples (200-yr resolution) from composite core OL90/92 allow quantification of an abundance of glacial rock flour. Rock flour produced during glacier advances is represented by clay-sized plagioclase, K-feldspar, and biotite in homogeneous internal composition. The abundance of rock flour is...
Results from the Big Spring basin water quality monitoring and demonstration projects, Iowa, USA
R.D. Rowden, H. Liu, R.D. Libra
2001, Hydrogeology Journal (9) 487-497
Agricultural practices, hydrology, and water quality of the 267-km2 Big Spring groundwater drainage basin in Clayton County, Iowa, have been monitored since 1981. Land use is agricultural; nitrate-nitrogen (-N) and herbicides are the resulting contaminants in groundwater and surface water. Ordovician Galena Group carbonate rocks comprise the main aquifer in...
Stable isotopes in seafloor hydrothermal systems: Vent fluids, hydrothermal deposits, hydrothermal alteration, and microbial processes
Wayne C. Shanks III
2001, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (43) 468-525
The recognition of abundant and widespread hydrothermal activity and associated unique life-forms on the ocean floor is one of the great scientific discoveries of the latter half of the twentieth century. Studies of seafloor hydrothermal processes have led to revolutions in understanding fluid convection and the cooling of the ocean...
Conodont and fusulinid biostratigraphy and history of the Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian Keeler Basin, east-central California
C.H. Stevens, P. Stone, S.M. Ritter
2001, Brigham Young University Geology Studies (46) 99-142
The Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian Keeler Canyon Formation and lower part of the Lower Permian Lone Pine Formation in east-central California were deposited in a deep-water basin that originated in the Morrowan (Early Pennsylvanian), was fully established by the Desmoinesian (Middle Pennsylvanian), and lasted into the Sakmarian (Early Permian). Stratigraphic studies indicate...
Density of basalt core from Hilo drill hole, Hawaii
J.G. Moore
2001, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (112) 221-230
Density measurements of 1600 samples of core from 889 to 3097 m depth below sea level in the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Program hole near Hilo, Hawaii show marked differences between the basaltic rock types and help define stratigraphy in the hole. Water-saturated densities of subaerial lava flows (occurring above 1079...
Paleoclimatic reconstruction using the correlation in δ18O of hackberry carbonate and environmental water, North America
A. Hope Jahren, Ronald Amundson, Carol Kendall, Peter Wigand
2001, Quaternary Research (56) 252-263
Celtis sp. (commonly known as “hackberry”) fruits were collected from 101 North American sites located in 13 states and one Canadian province between the years of 1979–1994. The biomineralized carbonate endocarp of the hackberry, which is a common botanical fossil found throughout the Quaternary sediments of the Great Plains, was analyzed...
Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars
Johnnie N. Moore, D.E. Wilhelms
2001, Icarus (154) 258-276
Based on topographic, morphologic, and stratigraphic evidence, we propose that ancient water-laid sediment is the dominant component of deposits within Hellas Planitia, Mars. Multiple-layered sediment is manifested by alternating benches and scarps visible in Mars orbiting camera narrow-angle (MOC NA) images. Viking Orbiter camera and MOC NA images were used...
Preliminary geological assessment of the Northern edge of Ultimi Lobe, Mars South Polar layered deposits
B. Murray, M. Koutnik, S. Byrne, Laurence A. Soderblom, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, K. L. Tanaka
2001, Icarus (154) 80-97
We have examined the local base of the south polar layered deposits (SPLD) exposed in the bounding scarp near 72°–74°S, 215°–230°W where there is a clear unconformable contact with older units. Sections of layering up to a kilometer thick were examined along the bounding scarp, permitting an estimate of the...
Summer diving behavior of male walruses in Bristol Bay, Alaska
C.V. Jay, Sean D. Farley, G.W. Garner
2001, Marine Mammal Science (17) 617-631
Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) make trips from ice or land haul-out sites to forage for benthic prey. We describe dive and trip characteristics from time-depth-recorder data collected over a one-month period during summer from four male Pacific walruses in Bristol Bay, Alaska. Dives were classified into four types. Shallow...
All equal-area map projections are created equal, but some are more equal than others
E. Lynn Usery, Jeong Chang Seong
2001, Cartography and Geographic Information Science (28) 183-193
High-resolution regional and global raster databases are currently being generated for a variety of environmental and scientific modeling applications. The projection of these data from geographic coordinates to a plane coordinate system is subject to significant areal error. Sources of error include users selecting an inappropriate projection or incorrect parameters...
Aeromagnetic expression of faults that offset basin fill, Albuquerque basin, New Mexico
V. J. S. Grauch, M.R. Hudson, S.A. Minor
2001, Geophysics (66) 707-720
High-resolution aeromagnetic data acquired over the Albuquerque basin show widespread expression of faults that offset basin fill and demonstrate that the aeromagnetic method can be an important hydrogeologic and surficial mapping tool in sediment-filled basins. Aeromagnetic expression of faults is recognized by the common correspondence of linear anomalies to surficial...
Pollen-limited reproduction in blue oak: Implications for wind pollination in fragmented populations
E. E. Knapp, M.A. Goedde, K.J. Rice
2001, Oecologia (128) 48-55
Human activities are fragmenting forests and woodlands worldwide, but the impact of reduced tree population densities on pollen transfer in wind-pollinated trees is poorly understood. In a 4-year study, we evaluated relationships among stand density, pollen availability, and seed production in a thinned and fragmented population of blue oak (Quercus...
An interlaboratory study to test instrument performance of hydrogen dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometers
Willi A. Brand, T.B. Coplen
2001, Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry (370) 358-362
An interlaboratory comparison of forty isotope-ratio mass spectrometers of different ages from several vendors has been performed to test 2H/1H performance with hydrogen gases of three different isotopic compositions. The isotope-ratio results (unsufficiently corrected for H3 + contribution to the m/z = 3 collector, uncorrected for valve leakage in the change-over valves, etc.)...
Resolution analysis of finite fault source inversion using one- and three-dimensional Green's functions 1. Strong motions
R.W. Graves, D.J. Wald
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 8745-8766
We develop a methodology to perform finite fault source inversions from strong motion data using Green's functions (GFs) calculated for a three-dimensional (3-D) velocity structure. The 3-D GFs are calculated numerically by inserting body forces at each of the strong motion sites and then recording the resulting strains along the...
